Landscape of exosomes to modified exosomes: a state of the art in cancer therapy

RSC Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(42), P. 30807 - 30829

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Modified exosomes are a smart tool for the upcoming precision cancer therapeutic era.

Language: Английский

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Circulating exosomal miR‑125a‑5p as a novel biomarker for cervical cancer

Oncology Letters, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Nov. 18, 2020

Exosomal microRNAs (miRs/miRNAs) have been reported to be associated with cervical cancer. The aim of the present study was investigate circulating exosomal miRNA as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis. In study, samples from 6 patients and healthy control subjects were retrieved RNA-sequencing. results revealed that total 39 miRNAs differentially expressed between controls (P<0.001; fold-change >2.0). miR-125a-5p further quantified in plasma 60 subjects, which included 22 individuals 38 miR-16a-5p served reference quantitative PCR analysis individuals. expression levels significantly lower than those (P<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses performed level potential marker differentiating non-cervical cancer, an ROC area under 0.7129. At cut-off value 2.537 miR-125a-5p, diagnostic sensitivities specificities 59.1 84.2%, respectively. provides confirmation could potentially serve involved only small number clinical samples; more are required support conclusions study.

Language: Английский

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The Emerging Role of Exosomes in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Feb. 22, 2021

Oral cancer constitutes approximately 2% of all cancers, while the most common type, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents 90% cancers. Although treatment OSCC has improved recently, it still a high rate local recurrence and poor prognosis, with 5-year survival only 50%. Advanced stage tends to metastasize lymph nodes. Thus, exploring new therapeutic strategies for is therefore an urgent priority. Exosomes, small membrane vesicles derived from endosomes, have been detected in wide array bodily fluids. Exosomes contain diversity proteins, mRNAs, non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs, long piRNAs, circular tsRNAs, ribosomal which are delivered neighboring cells or even transported distant sites. associated tumorigenesis OSCC, promote proliferation, colonization, metastasis by transferring their contents target cells. Furthermore, exosomes involved regulation tumor microenvironment transform conditions favoring progression vivo . In this review, we summarize crucial role discuss potential clinical application treatment.

Language: Английский

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Diverse Effects of Exosomes on COVID-19: A Perspective of Progress From Transmission to Therapeutic Developments

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: July 28, 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new strain of and the causative agent current global pandemic disease 2019 (COVID-19). There are currently no FDA-approved antiviral drugs for COVID-19 there an urgent need to develop treatment strategies that can effectively suppress SARS-CoV-2 infection. Numerous approaches have been researched so far, with one them being emerging exosome-based therapies. Exosomes nano-sized, lipid bilayer-enclosed structures, share structural similarities viruses secreted from all types cells, including those lining tract. Importantly, interplay between exosomes could be potentially exploited drug vaccine development. produced by virus-infected cells play crucial roles in mediating communication infected uninfected cells. modulates production composition exosomes, exploit exosome formation, secretion, release pathways promote infection, transmission, intercellular spread. therapeutic benefits patients afflicted various diseases COVID-19. Furthermore, administration loaded immunomodulatory cargo combination represents novel intervention such as In particular, derived mesenchymal stem (MSCs) used cell-free agents. Mesenchymal cell reduces cytokine storm reverse inhibition host anti-viral defenses associated also enhances mitochondrial function repair lung injuries. We discuss role relation diagnosis, treatment, therapeutics, delivery, vaccines, present some future perspectives regarding their use combating

Language: Английский

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Autophagy and Exosomes Relationship in Cancer: Friends or Foes?

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Jan. 12, 2021

Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process involved in the removal of proteins and damaged organelles by formation a double-membrane vesicle named autophagosome degraded through fusion with lysosomes. An intricate relationship between autophagy endosomal exosomal pathways can occur at different stages important implications for normal physiology human diseases. Recent researches have revealed that extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, could cytoprotective role inducing autophagy; on other hand, plays crucial biogenesis exosomes. Although importance these processes cancer well established, their interplay tumor only beginning to be documented. In some contexts (1) exosome-mediated release are coordinately activated, sharing molecular machinery regulatory mechanisms; (2) cell-released exosomes impact recipient cells mechanisms yet determined; (3) exosome-autophagy affect drug resistance microenvironment (TME). this review, we survey emerging discoveries relevant crosstalk context initiation, progression recurrence. Consequently, discuss clinical targeting autophagy-exosomal pathway interaction how lay basis purpose novel therapeutics.

Language: Английский

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