Dietary Supplement and Food Contaminations and Their Implications for Doping Controls

Foods, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(8), P. 1012 - 1012

Published: July 27, 2020

A narrative review with an overall aim of indicating the current state knowledge and relevance concerning food supplement contamination and/or adulteration doping agents respective implications for sports drug testing is presented. The identification a agent (or its metabolite) in samples constitutes violation anti-doping rules defined by World Anti-Doping Agency. Reasons such Adverse Analytical Findings (AAFs) include intentional misuse performance-enhancing/banned drugs; however, also scenario inadvertent administrations was proven past, caused by, amongst others, ingestion contaminated dietary supplements, drugs, or food. Even though controversial positions effectiveness supplements healthy subjects exist, they are frequently used athletes, anticipating positive effects on health, recovery, performance. However, most users unaware fact that administration products can be associated unforeseeable health risks AAFs sports. In particular anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) stimulants have been found as undeclared ingredients either result cross-contaminations due to substandard manufacturing practices missing quality controls admixture increase preparations. Cross-contaminations were affect therapeutic While sensitivity assays employed test pharmaceuticals impurities accordance good practice guidelines allowing exclude any physiological effects, minute trace amounts contaminating compounds still tests. addition, potential source unintentional doping, prominent example being meat tainted clenbuterol. athletes’ compliance tested routine controls. Different measures including offers topical information education athletes well maintenance databases summarizing low- high-risk important cornerstones preventing rule violations. Further, collection additional analytical data has shown allow supporting management processes.

Language: Английский

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The bright and the dark sides of L-carnitine supplementation: a systematic review

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2020

Background L-carnitine (LC) is used as a supplement by recreationally-active, competitive and highly trained athletes. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effect of prolonged LC supplementation on metabolism metabolic modifications.Methods A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE (via PubMed) Web Science databases from inception up February 2020. Eligibility criteria included studies healthy human subjects, treated for at least 12 weeks with administered orally, no drugs or any other multi-ingredient supplements co-ingestion.Results The initial retrieved 1024 articles, total 11 were finally after applying inclusion exclusion criteria. All selected supplemented dose ranging 1 g 4 per day either 24 weeks. supplementation, combination carbohydrates (CHO) effectively elevated carnitine content skeletal muscle. Twenty-four-weeks did not affect muscle strength aged women, but significantly increased mass, improved physical effort tolerance cognitive function centenarians. also noted induce an increase fasting plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels, which associated modification determined inflammatory nor oxidative stress markers.Conclusion Prolonged specific conditions may performance. On hand, elevates TMAO, compound supposed be pro-atherogenic. Therefore, additional focusing long-term its longitudinal cardiovascular system are needed.

Language: Английский

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Prevalence of Dietary Supplement Use among Athletes Worldwide: A Scoping Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(19), P. 4109 - 4109

Published: Oct. 3, 2022

Athletes represent a major part of dietary supplement users. This scoping review aims to explore the prevalence use among athletes worldwide, most commonly used supplements, sources information on supplements and their reasons for these supplements. PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycInfo were searched original research articles. Studies included if they involved athletes, identified use, published after 2017. A total 26 articles reviewed. Prevalence varied articles, but sex-based differences related types existed. Generally, findings consistent in terms information. Unfortunately, lack homogeneity regarding definition reporting timeframes, data collection methods complicates attempt compare studies.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Arginine Supplementation on Athletic Performance Based on Energy Metabolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 1300 - 1300

Published: May 2, 2020

Nitric oxide related ergogenic aids such as arginine (Arg) have shown to impact positively on sport performance through several physiological and metabolic mechanisms. However, research results be controversial. The great differences regarding required pathways demands between aerobic anaerobic disciplines could the reasons. aim of this systematic review meta-analysis was evaluate effects Arg supplementation (≤VO2max) (>VO2max) performance. Likewise, show effective dose timing supplementation. A structured search carried out in accordance with PRISMA® (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses) statement PICOS guidelines PubMed/MEDLINE, Web Science (WOS), Scopus databases from inception January 2020. Eighteen studies were included which compare placebo an identical situation testing its tests. Trials analyzing other supplements removed there not athlete's level, gender, ethnicity, or age filters. performed 15 random model pooled standardized mean (SMD) used according Hedges' g. Results revealed that improve (SMD, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.12 1.56; magnitude SMD (MSMD), large; I2, 89%; p = 0.02) 0.24; 0.05 0.43; MSMD, small; 0%; 0.01) In conclusion, acute protocols should adjusted 0.15 g/kg body weight ingested 60-90 min before. Moreover, chronic include 1.5-2 g/day 4-7 weeks order performance, 10-12 8 enhance

Language: Английский

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Prevalence of dietary supplement use by gym members in Portugal and associated factors

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2020

Although there seems to be an increasing interest in the use of dietary supplements those who exercise recreationally and want improve body composition, is little published data regarding gym users supplement use.This cross-sectional study describes prevalence type used by gyms members, reasons for using them information source a self-administered online questionnaire.Of 459 participants (301 females) answered survey, 43.8% reported supplements. Users were more likely men (62.7% vs. 33.9%, p < 0.05), younger (32 ± 9 34 11 years, 0.05) trained hours per week (6 3 vs 4 h, than non-users. The most consumed proteins (80.1%), multivitamins and/or minerals (38.3%), sport bars (37.3%), branched-chain amino acids (BCAA's) (36.8%) n-3 fatty (35.5%). Men arginine, BCAA's, creatine, glutamine, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), proteins, β-alanine, taurine, multivitamin/minerals, carbohydrate (p 0.05). commonly cited gaining muscle (55.7%), accelerating recovery (52.7%) improving performance (47.3%). have often referred increase strength, resistance, gain mass, accelerate as women Those mentioned reason did not (30.4 years 33.7 sources registered dietitians (23.1%), internet (22.2%) him/herself (16.6%). majority (> 70%) declared being well or very informed about supplements, while only minority (4%) felt poorly informed. Most individuals purchased from (56.2%) supplement/health food stores (43.4%).This concluded that are large consumers men, young, protein powders, aiming obtain dietitians, consider themselves buy online.

Language: Английский

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Undeclared Doping Substances are Highly Prevalent in Commercial Sports Nutrition Supplements

Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 328 - 338

Published: March 22, 2021

Sports nutrition supplements have previously been reported to contain undeclared doping substances. The use of such can lead general health risks and may give rise unintentional violations in elite sports. To assess the prevalence substances a range high-risk sports available from Dutch web shops. A total 66 - identified as potentially products claiming modulate hormone regulation, stimulate muscle mass gain, increase fat loss, and/or boost energy were selected 21 different brands purchased 17 All analyzed for by UK life sciences testing company LGC, formerly known Laboratory Government Chemist, using an extended version their ISO17025 accredited nutritional supplement screen. 25 out (38%) contained substances, which included high levels stimulants oxilofrine, β-methylphenethylamine (BMPEA) N,β-dimethylphenethylamine (NBDMPEA), stimulant 4-methylhexan-2-amine (methylhexaneamine, 1,3-dimethylamylamine, DMAA), anabolic steroids boldione (1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione) 5-androstene-3β,17α-diol (17α-AED), beta-2 agonist higenamine beta-blocker bisoprolol. Based upon recommended dose potential variability analyte concentration, ingestion some within this study could pose significant risk violations. In addition inadvertent risks, prescribed 3 (4.5%) likely impose risks.

Language: Английский

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Dietary Supplements as a Major Cause of Anti-doping Rule Violations

Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: March 25, 2022

Dietary supplements encompass a large heterogenic group of products with wide range ingredients and declared effects used by athletes for multitude reasons. The high prevalence use across all sports level competition, combined the well-documented risks such containing prohibited substances have led to several doping cases globally. Despite being considerable concern persistent focus sport organizations anti-doping agencies, magnitude rule violations associated supplement is not well-known. This study examines 18-years controls national program determine relationship between presence in athlete's samples dietary supplements. In 26% (n = 49) analytical violation period 2003-2020 192), athlete claimed that was source substance causing an adverse finding. Evidence supporting this claim found about half these 27, i.e., 14% ADRV's). Stimulants were most prevalent linked 24), which methylhexanamine 16 cases. High risk predominantly multi-ingredient pre-workout 20) fat-burning 4). Anti-doping should develop strategies on how assist assess need, consequences using various

Language: Английский

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Dietary Supplements: A Gateway to Doping?

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 881 - 881

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

Dietary supplements are widely used among athletes, but many may be unaware of the potential for unintentional doping, especially considering that can often contaminated with prohibited substances. The reason behind widespread use dietary athletes is cited as being purposes enhancing health or performance. However, turn to unreliable sources information, and lack knowledge supplement regulations. aim this narrative review explore current research surrounding psychological constructs (such norms, attitudes, beliefs) related lead inadvertent doping. This also covers possible programme structures effective at preventing

Language: Английский

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Gender Differences in Prevalence and Patterns of Dietary Supplement Use in Elite Athletes

Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 92(4), P. 659 - 668

Published: Aug. 18, 2020

Purpose: Dietary supplement use by athletes has been the topic of previous research; however, lack homogeneity among published studies makes it difficult to analyze differences, if any, in patterns between male and female athletes. The aim this study was determine gender differences dietary elite Methods: A total 504 (329 males 175 females) participating individual team sports completed a validated questionnaire on during preceding season. supplements were categorized according latest IOC consensus statement. Results: higher proportion versus (65.3 56.5%, p < .05) consumed supplements. Both reported similar mean consumption (3.2 ± 2.1 3.4 2.3 supplements/season, respectively; = .45). Protein most commonly (49.8%) their prevalence than (29.3%, .01). In females, multivitamins (39.4%) branched-chain amino acids iron supplementation more prevalent (22.2% 10.2%, relied themselves plan (48.0%), while appeared rely doctors (34.0%, Conclusion: summary, had slightly counterparts, specifically regarding protein supplements, involved self-prescription

Language: Английский

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Use of Sports Supplements in Competitive Handball Players: Sex and Competitive Level Differences

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(11), P. 3357 - 3357

Published: Oct. 31, 2020

Sports supplements are commonly used by elite athletes with the main goal of enhancing sport performance. Supplements use might be substantially different depending on discipline, sex, and competitive level. To date, data about prevalence most-commonly in handball scarce. Thus, aim this investigation was to determine patterns players both sexes levels: One hundred eighty-seven (112 men 75 women) levels (106 professional 81 amateur) completed a validated self-administered questionnaire use. were classified according categorization Australian Institute Sport (AIS). Overall, 59.9% (n = 112) declared at least one supplement there no significant differences between women (58.9% vs. 61.3%, p 0.762) nor amateur (67.1% 53.8%, 0.074). The most prevalent sports drinks (42.2%), followed energy bars (35.3%) caffeine-containing products (31.6%). However, greater consumption group A (those strong scientific evidence; 0.029) B emerging support, 0.012) observed male compared female players. categorized as medical more consumed (0.48 ± 0.80 0.21 0.44, < 0.006). Additionally, higher (0.58 0.88 0.33 0.72 supplements, 0.015). Handball revealed moderate while sex level slighted changed pattern high portion fuel during exercise reported enhance

Language: Английский

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