Nature Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
26(10), P. 1701 - 1712
Published: Sept. 25, 2023
Abstract
Interleukin-12
(IL-12)
is
a
potent
driver
of
type
1
immunity.
Paradoxically,
in
autoimmune
conditions,
including
the
CNS,
IL-12
reduces
inflammation.
The
underlying
mechanism
behind
these
opposing
properties
and
involved
cellular
players
remain
elusive.
Here
we
map
receptor
(IL-12R)
expression
to
NK
T
cells
as
well
neurons
oligodendrocytes.
Conditionally
ablating
IL-12R
across
cell
types
adult
mice
assessing
their
susceptibility
experimental
encephalomyelitis
revealed
that
neuroprotective
role
mediated
by
neuroectoderm-derived
cells,
specifically
neurons,
not
immune
cells.
In
human
brain
tissue
from
donors
with
multiple
sclerosis,
observe
an
distribution
comparable
mice,
suggesting
similar
mechanisms
humans.
Combining
flow
cytometry,
bulk
single-nucleus
RNA
sequencing,
reveal
IL-12-induced
adaption
preventing
early
neurodegeneration
sustaining
trophic
factor
release
during
neuroinflammation,
thereby
maintaining
CNS
integrity
mice.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(3), P. 286 - 286
Published: Feb. 5, 2024
The
key
to
the
effective
treatment
of
neurodegenerative
disorders
is
a
thorough
understanding
their
pathomechanism.
Neurodegeneration
and
neuroinflammation
are
mutually
propelling
brain
processes.
An
impairment
glymphatic
system
function
in
neurodegeneration
contributes
progression
pathological
question
arises
as
how
related.
This
review
highlights
direct
indirect
influence
these
two
seemingly
independent
Protein
aggregates,
characteristic
feature
neurodegeneration,
correlated
with
clearance
neuroinflammation.
Glial
cells
cannot
be
overlooked
when
considering
neuroinflammatory
Astrocytes
essential
for
functioning
play
crucial
role
inflammatory
responses
central
nervous
system.
It
imperative
acknowledge
significance
AQP4,
protein
that
exhibits
high
degree
polarization
astrocytes
AQP4
influences
processes
have
not
yet
been
clearly
delineated.
Another
interesting
issue
gut–brain
axis
microbiome,
which
potentially
impact
discussed
A
discussion
correlation
between
may
contribute
exploring
pathomechanism
neurodegeneration.
Journal of Neuroinflammation,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: Jan. 21, 2025
Abstract
Central
nervous
system
(CNS)
injuries,
such
as
ischemic
stroke
(IS),
intracerebral
hemorrhage
(ICH)
and
traumatic
brain
injury
(TBI),
are
a
significant
global
burden.
The
complex
pathophysiology
of
CNS
is
comprised
primary
secondary
injury.
Inflammatory
incited
by
damage-associated
molecular
patterns
(DAMPs)
which
signal
variety
resident
cells
infiltrating
immune
cells.
Extracellular
cold-inducible
RNA-binding
protein
(eCIRP)
DAMP
acts
through
multiple
non-immune
to
promote
inflammation.
Despite
the
well-established
role
eCIRP
in
systemic
sterile
inflammation,
its
less
elucidated.
Recent
literature
suggests
that
pleiotropic
inflammatory
mediator
also
being
evaluated
clinical
biomarker
indicate
prognosis
injuries.
This
review
provides
broad
overview
injury,
with
focus
on
immune-mediated
neuroinflammation.
We
then
what
known
about
mechanisms
both
non-CNS
cells,
identifying
opportunities
for
further
study.
explore
eCIRP’s
potential
prognostic
marker
severity
outcome.
Next,
we
provide
an
eCIRP-targeting
therapeutics
suggest
strategies
develop
these
agents
ameliorate
Finally,
emphasize
exploring
novel
mechanisms,
aside
from
neuroinflammation,
critical
therapeutic
target
Nature Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 27, 2025
Neuroinflammation
plays
a
crucial
role
in
traumatic
brain
injury
(TBI),
contributing
to
both
damage
and
recovery,
yet
no
effective
therapy
exists
mitigate
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
promote
recovery
after
TBI.
In
the
present
study,
we
found
that
nasal
administration
of
an
anti-CD3
monoclonal
antibody
ameliorated
CNS
behavioral
deficits
mouse
model
contusional
Nasal
induced
population
interleukin
(IL)-10-producing
regulatory
T
cells
(Treg
cells)
migrated
closely
contacted
microglia.
Treg
directly
reduced
chronic
microglia
inflammation
regulated
their
phagocytic
function
IL-10-dependent
manner.
Blocking
IL-10
receptor
globally
or
specifically
on
vivo
abrogated
beneficial
effects
anti-CD3.
However,
adoptive
transfer
IL-10-producing
TBI-injured
mice
restored
these
by
enhancing
microglial
capacity
reducing
microglia-induced
neuroinflammation.
These
findings
suggest
represents
promising
new
therapeutic
approach
for
treating
TBI
potentially
other
forms
acute
injury.
shows
promise
neuroinflammation
aiding
mice.
It
induces
interleukin-10-producing
enhance
activity
reduce
inflammation,
repair.
Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Oct. 5, 2021
Microglia
and
astrocytes
maintain
tissue
homeostasis
in
the
nervous
system.
Both
microglia
have
pro-inflammatory
phenotype
anti-inflammatory
phenotype.
Activated
activated
can
contribute
to
several
neurological
diseases.
Long
non-coding
RNAs
(lncRNAs)
circular
(circRNAs),
two
groups
of
(ncRNAs),
function
as
competing
endogenous
(ceRNAs)
impair
microRNA
(miRNA)
inhibition
on
targeted
messenger
(mRNAs).
LncRNAs
circRNAs
are
involved
various
disorders.
In
this
review,
we
summarized
that
lncRNAs
participate
dysfunction,
astrocyte
neuron
damage,
inflammation.
Thereby,
positively
or
negatively
regulate
diseases,
including
spinal
cord
injury
(SCI),
traumatic
brain
(TBI),
ischemia-reperfusion
(IRI),
stroke,
neuropathic
pain,
epilepsy,
Parkinson’s
disease
(PD),
multiple
sclerosis
(MS),
Alzheimer’s
(AD).
Besides,
also
found
a
lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA
regulatory
network
mediated
Through
hope
cast
light
mechanisms
diseases
provide
new
insights
for
treatment.
Journal of Neuroinflammation,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
18(1)
Published: June 15, 2021
The
secondary
injury
caused
by
traumatic
brain
(TBI),
especially
white
matter
(WMI),
is
highly
sensitive
to
neuroinflammation,
which
further
leads
unfavored
long-term
outcomes.
Although
the
cross-talk
between
three
active
events,
immune
cell
infiltration,
BBB
breakdown,
and
proinflammatory
microglial/macrophage
polarization,
plays
a
role
in
vicious
cycle,
its
mechanisms
are
not
fully
understood.
It
has
been
reported
that
cordycepin,
an
extract
from
Cordyceps
militaris,
can
inhibit
TBI-induced
neuroinflammation
although
effects
of
cordycepin
remain
unknown.
Here,
we
report
our
investigation
cordycepin's
neuroprotective
function
underlying
immunological
mechanism.TBI
mice
model
was
established
with
controlled
cortical
impact
(CCI)
method.
Cordycepin
intraperitoneally
administered
twice
daily
for
week.
Neurological
outcomes
were
assessed
behavioral
tests,
including
grid
walking
test,
cylinder
wire
hang
rotarod
test.
Immunofluorescence
staining,
transmission
electron
microscopy,
electrophysiology
recording
employed
assess
histological
functional
lesions.
Quantitative-PCR
flow
cytometry
used
detect
neuroinflammation.
tracers
Sulfo-NHS-biotin
Evans
blue
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
leakage.
Western
blot
gelatin
zymography
analyze
protein
activity
or
expression.
Neutrophil
depletion
vivo
performed
via
using
Ly6G
antibody
intraperitoneal
injection.Cordycepin
administration
ameliorated
neurological
deficits
reduced
neuronal
tissue
loss
TBI
mice.
Meanwhile,
integrity
also
preserved,
revealed
multiple
dimensions,
such
as
morphology,
histology,
ultrastructure,
electrical
conductivity.
inhibited
microglia/macrophage
pro-inflammatory
polarization
promoted
anti-inflammatory
after
TBI.
breach
attenuated
at
3
days
suppressed
activities
MMP-2
MMP-9
neutrophil
infiltration
Moreover,
provided
cordycepin-like
effect,
united
did
show
benefit
superposition.The
suppressing
TBI,
thereby
preserving
changing
polarization.
These
findings
provide
significant
clinical
potentials
improve
quality
life
patients.
Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14(1), P. 152 - 152
Published: Jan. 8, 2022
Traumatic
brain
injury
(TBI)
is
one
of
the
leading
causes
morbidity
and
mortality.
Consequences
vary
from
mild
cognitive
impairment
to
death
and,
no
matter
severity
subsequent
sequelae,
it
represents
a
high
burden
for
affected
patients
health
care
system.
Brain
trauma
can
cause
neuronal
through
mechanical
forces
that
disrupt
cell
architecture,
other
secondary
consequences
mechanisms
such
as
inflammation,
oxidative
stress,
programmed
death,
most
importantly,
excitotoxicity.
This
review
aims
provide
comprehensive
understanding
many
classical
novel
pathways
implicated
in
tissue
damage
following
TBI.
We
summarize
preclinical
evidence
potential
therapeutic
interventions
describe
available
clinical
evaluation
drug
targets
vitamin
B12
ifenprodil,
among
others.
Brain Behavior and Immunity,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
106, P. 49 - 66
Published: Aug. 3, 2022
There
is
a
need
for
early
therapeutic
interventions
after
traumatic
brain
injury
(TBI)
to
prevent
neurodegeneration.
Microglia/macrophage
(M/M)
depletion
and
repopulation
treatment
with
colony
stimulating
factor
1
receptor
(CSF1R)
inhibitors
reduces
The
present
study
investigates
short-
long-term
consequences
CSF1R
inhibition
during
the
phase
TBI.Sex-matched
mice
were
subjected
TBI
by
PLX3397
5
days
sacrificed
at
or
30
post
(dpi).
Neurological
deficits
monitored
tissues
examined
histo-
molecular
pathological
markers.
RNAseq
was
performed
dpi
samples.At
dpi,
attenuated
TBI-induced
perilesional
M/M
increase
associated
gene
expressions
up
50%.
attenuation
did
not
affect
structural
damage
this
time-point,
impaired
hematoma
clearance,
had
no
effect
on
IL-1β
expression.
At
following
drug
discontinuation
repopulation,
tissue
loss
regardless
of
sex,
as
well
hippocampal
atrophy
thalamic
neuronal
in
male
mice.
Selected
markers
inflammation
apoptosis
reduced
males
but
increased
females
compared
corresponding
vehicle
groups.
outcome
behaving
almost
affected.
set
enrichment
analysis
(GSEA)
injured
brains
revealed
more
genes
dendritic
spines
synapse
function
vehicle,
suggesting
improved
maintenance
recovery.
In
mice,
GSEA
showed
high
oxidative
phosphorylation,
oxidoreductase
activity
ribosomal
biogenesis
stress
abundance
metabolically
highly
active
cells.
More
immune
processes
phagocytosis
treated
vs
males,
sex-specific
differences
response
TBI.M/M
via
loss,
improves
fosters
Overall
effects
there
evidence
that
benefit
than
female