Stress, microbiota, and the gut–brain axis in mental and digestive health

Medicina Clínica, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Neurological mechanism-based analysis of the role and characteristics of physical activity in the improvement of depressive symptoms

Reviews in the Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Abstract Depression is a common mental disorder characterized by high prevalence and significant adverse effects, making the searching for effective interventions an urgent priority. In recent years, physical activity (PA) has increasingly been recognized as standard adjunctive treatment disorders owing to its low cost, easy application, efficiency. Epidemiological data shows positive preventive therapeutic effects of PA on illnesses such depression. This article systematically describes prophylactic depression biological basis. A comprehensive literature analysis reveals that significantly improves depressive symptoms upregulating expression “exerkines” irisin, adiponectin, BDNF positively impacting neuropsychiatric conditions. particular, lactate could also play critical role in ameliorating due findings about protein lactylation novel post-transcriptional modification. The suggests terms brain structure, may improve hippocampal volume, basal ganglia (neostriatum, caudate-crustal nucleus) PFC density patients with MDD. summary, this study elucidates multifaceted potential mechanisms particular emphasis roles various exerkines. Future research further investigate different types, intensities, durations depression, well how better integrate into existing strategies achieve optimal outcomes health interventions.

Language: Английский

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Berberine ameliorates depression‐like behavior in CUMS mice by activating TPH1 and inhibiting IDO1‐associated with tryptophan metabolism

Phytotherapy Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 37(1), P. 342 - 357

Published: Sept. 11, 2022

Berberine, which is a potential antidepressant, exhibits definite efficiency in modulating the gut microbiota. Depressive behaviors mice induced using chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) stimulation were evaluated by behavioral experiments. The markers of neurons and synapses measured immunohistochemical staining. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was adopted to analyze serum inflammatory cytokines levels neurotransmitters LC-MS/MS. Untargeted metabolomics tryptophan metabolism further performed target enzymes berberine involved assayed AutoDock GRMACS softwares. Then, antibiotics utilized induce intestinal flora disturbance. Berberine improved depressive microbiota-dependent manner. Increased synaptic plasticity observed following treatment. Meanwhile, decreased TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4 increased IL-10. Moreover, retraction abnormal assays revealed that promoted biotransformation into serotonin inhibited kynurenine pathway, attributed agonist 5-hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) inhibitor indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1). In conclusion, improves symptoms CUMS-stimulated targeting both TPH1 IDO1, are metabolism.

Language: Английский

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An Emerging Cross-Species Marker for Organismal Health: Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(11), P. 6300 - 6300

Published: June 4, 2022

Tryptophan (TRP) is an essential dietary amino acid that, unless otherwise committed to protein synthesis, undergoes metabolism via the Tryptophan-Kynurenine (TRP-KYN) pathway in vertebrate organisms. TRP and its metabolites have key roles diverse physiological processes including cell growth maintenance, immunity, disease states coordination of adaptive responses environmental cues. Changes can alter availability for serotonin biosynthesis as well levels immune-active KYN metabolites. There now considerable evidence which has shown that TRP-KYN be influenced by various stressors glucocorticoids (marker chronic stress), infection, inflammation oxidative stress, toxicants. While there little known regarding role following exposure contaminants, linkages between chemically induced metabolic perturbations altered enzymes Moreover, conserved across species xenobiotics, therefore, understanding how this regulated may broader implications wildlife toxicology. The goal narrative review (1) identify pathways affecting Trp-Kyn vertebrates (2) highlight consequences tryptophan mammals, birds, amphibians, fish. We discuss current literature available species, gaps state knowledge, further postulate kynurenine ratio used a novel biomarker assessing organismal and, more broadly, ecosystem health.

Language: Английский

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The Gut–Immune–Brain Axis: An Important Route for Neuropsychiatric Morbidity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(19), P. 11111 - 11111

Published: Sept. 21, 2022

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises Crohn's (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) is associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms like anxiety depression. Both conditions strongly worsen IBD burden. In the present review, we summarize current understanding of pathogenesis depression in IBD. We a stepwise cascade along gut-immune-brain axis initiated by evasion chronic intestinal inflammation to pass epithelial vascular barrier gut cause systemic inflammation. then different anatomical transmission routes gut-derived peripheral into central nervous system (CNS) highlight knowledge on neuroinflammatory changes CNS preclinical mouse models focus microglia, brain-resident macrophages. Subsequently, discuss how neuroinflammation can alter neuronal circuitry trigger anxiety. Finally, role microbiota will be reviewed. A more comprehensive interaction between gastrointestinal tract, immune accounting for similarities differences UC CD pave path improved prediction treatment comorbidities other inflammatory diseases.

Language: Английский

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