Biofabrication,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(2), P. 022003 - 022003
Published: Jan. 23, 2023
Abstract
The
human
Blood
Brain
Barrier
(hBBB)
is
a
complex
cellular
architecture
separating
the
blood
from
brain
parenchyma.
Its
integrity
and
perfect
functionality
are
essential
for
preventing
neurotoxic
plasma
components
pathogens
enter
brain.
Although
vital
preserving
correct
activity,
low
permeability
of
hBBB
represents
huge
impediment
to
treat
mental
neurological
disorders
or
address
tumors.
Indeed,
vast
majority
potential
drug
treatments
unable
reach
crossing
hBBB.
On
other
hand,
can
be
damaged
its
increase
as
result
infections
in
presence
neurodegenerative
diseases.
Current
vitro
systems
vivo
animal
models
used
study
molecular/drug
transport
mechanism
through
have
several
intrinsic
limitations
that
difficult
overcome.
In
this
scenario,
Organ-on-Chip
(OoC)
based
on
microfluidic
technologies
considered
promising
innovative
platforms
combine
handiness
an
model
with
complexity
living
organ,
while
reducing
time
costs.
review,
we
focus
recent
advances
OoCs
developing
models,
aim
providing
reader
critical
overview
main
guidelines
design
manufacture
hBBB-on-chip,
whose
compartments
need
mimic
‘blood
side’
‘brain
barrier,
choose
cells
types
both
representative
convenient,
adequately
evaluate
barrier
integrity,
stability,
functionality.
Frontiers in Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Feb. 5, 2021
Selenium
(Se)
is
known
to
contribute
several
vital
physiological
functions
in
mammals:
antioxidant
defense,
fertility,
thyroid
hormone
metabolism,
and
immune
response.
Growing
evidence
indicates
the
crucial
role
of
Se
Se-containing
selenoproteins
brain
function.
As
for
other
essential
trace
elements,
dietary
needs
reach
effective
concentrations
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
exert
its
functions.
To
do
so,
Se-species
have
cross
blood–brain
barrier
(BBB)
and/or
blood–cerebrospinal
fluid
(BCB)
choroid
plexus.
The
main
interface
between
general
circulation
body
CNS
BBB.
Endothelial
cells
capillaries
forming
so-called
tight
junctions
are
primary
anatomic
units
BBB,
mainly
responsible
current
review
focuses
on
transport
brain,
primarily
including
selenoprotein
P/low-density
lipoprotein
receptor-related
protein
8
(LRP8,
also
as
apolipoprotein
E
receptor-2)
dependent
pathway,
supplementary
routes
into
via
low
molecular
weight
Se-species.
Additionally,
potential
BCB,
neurovascular
unit
(NVU)
discussed.
Finally,
perspectives
regarding
investigating
gut-brain
axis
outlined.
Fluids and Barriers of the CNS,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
18(1)
Published: Dec. 14, 2021
In
ischemic
stroke,
the
function
of
cerebral
vasculature
is
impaired.
This
vascular
structure
formed
by
so-called
neurovascular
unit
(NVU).
A
better
understanding
mechanisms
involved
in
NVU
dysfunction
and
recovery
may
lead
to
new
insights
for
development
highly
sought
therapeutic
approaches.
To
date,
there
remains
an
unmet
need
complex
human
vitro
models
study
events
seen
brain.We
here
describe
a
on-a-chip
model
using
platform
that
allows
culture
40
chips
parallel.
The
comprises
perfused
vessel
primary
brain
endothelial
cells
co-culture
with
induced
pluripotent
stem
cell
derived
astrocytes
neurons.
Ischemic
stroke
was
mimicked
threefold
approach
combines
chemical
hypoxia,
hypoglycemia,
halted
perfusion.Immunofluorescent
staining
confirmed
expression
adherens
tight
junction
proteins,
as
well
astrocytic
neuronal
markers.
addition,
expresses
relevant
transporters
shows
spontaneous
firing.
demonstrates
barrier
function,
evidenced
retention
small
molecule
sodium
fluorescein
its
lumen.
Exposure
toxic
compound
staurosporine
disrupted
barrier,
causing
reduced
transepithelial
electrical
resistance
increased
permeability
fluorescein.
Under
mimicking
conditions,
showed
strongly
(35-fold
higher
apparent
permeability)
7.3-fold
decreased
mitochondrial
potential.
Furthermore,
levels
adenosine
triphosphate
were
significantly
on
both
blood-
side
(4.8-fold
11.7-fold
reduction,
respectively).The
presented
can
be
used
fundamental
studies
other
neurological
diseases
investigation
potential
restorative
therapies
fight
disorders.
Due
platform's
relatively
high
throughput
compatibility
automation,
holds
drug
screening.
Lab on a Chip,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
22(1), P. 170 - 192
Published: Nov. 30, 2021
The
bulk
flow
of
interstitial
fluid
through
tissue
is
an
important
factor
in
human
biology,
including
the
development
brain
microvascular
networks
(MVNs)
with
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB).
Bioengineering
perfused,
functional
MVNs
has
great
potential
for
modeling
neurovascular
diseases
and
drug
delivery.
However,
most
vitro
models
do
not
implement
during
generation
microvessels.
Using
a
microfluidic
device
(MFD),
we
cultured
primary
endothelial
cells
(BECs),
pericytes,
astrocytes
within
3D
fibrin
matrix
(flow)
without
(static)
flow.
We
found
that
was
beneficial
both
BEC
angiogenesis
vasculogenesis.
Brain
under
conditions
achieved
anastomosis
were
perfusable,
whereas
those
static
lacked
connectivity
ability
to
be
perfused.
Compared
culture,
microvessels
developed
culture
exhibited
enhanced
vessel
area,
branch
length
diameter,
connectivity,
longevity.
Although
there
no
change
pericyte
coverage
microvessels,
slight
increase
astrocyte
observed
conditions.
In
addition,
immunofluorescence
intensity
basal
lamina
proteins,
collagen
IV
laminin,
nearly
doubled
culture.
Lastly,
function
conditions,
as
demonstrated
by
decreased
dextran
permeability.
Taken
together,
these
results
highlighted
importance
perfused
characteristics
similar
BBB.
iScience,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
24(3), P. 102183 - 102183
Published: Feb. 16, 2021
Nanoneuromedicine
investigates
nanotechnology
to
target
the
brain
and
treat
neurological
diseases.
In
this
work,
we
biofabricated
heterocellular
spheroids
comprising
human
microvascular
endothelial
cells,
vascular
pericytes
astrocytes
combined
with
primary
cortical
neurons
microglia
isolated
from
neonate
rats.
The
structure
function
are
characterized
by
confocal
laser
scanning
light
sheet
fluorescence
microscopy,
electron
western
blotting,
RNA
sequencing.
spheroid
bulk
is
formed
neural
cells
surface
they
upregulate
key
structural
functional
proteins
of
blood-brain
barrier.
These
cellular
constructs
utilized
preliminary
screen
permeability
polymeric,
metallic,
ceramic
nanoparticles
(NPs).
Findings
reveal
that
penetration
distribution
patterns
depend
on
NP
type
would
play
a
role
in
pathway,
highlighting
promise
platform
investigate
interaction
different
nanomaterials
central
nervous
system
nanomedicine,
nanosafety
nanotoxicology.
Biofabrication,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(2), P. 022003 - 022003
Published: Jan. 23, 2023
Abstract
The
human
Blood
Brain
Barrier
(hBBB)
is
a
complex
cellular
architecture
separating
the
blood
from
brain
parenchyma.
Its
integrity
and
perfect
functionality
are
essential
for
preventing
neurotoxic
plasma
components
pathogens
enter
brain.
Although
vital
preserving
correct
activity,
low
permeability
of
hBBB
represents
huge
impediment
to
treat
mental
neurological
disorders
or
address
tumors.
Indeed,
vast
majority
potential
drug
treatments
unable
reach
crossing
hBBB.
On
other
hand,
can
be
damaged
its
increase
as
result
infections
in
presence
neurodegenerative
diseases.
Current
vitro
systems
vivo
animal
models
used
study
molecular/drug
transport
mechanism
through
have
several
intrinsic
limitations
that
difficult
overcome.
In
this
scenario,
Organ-on-Chip
(OoC)
based
on
microfluidic
technologies
considered
promising
innovative
platforms
combine
handiness
an
model
with
complexity
living
organ,
while
reducing
time
costs.
review,
we
focus
recent
advances
OoCs
developing
models,
aim
providing
reader
critical
overview
main
guidelines
design
manufacture
hBBB-on-chip,
whose
compartments
need
mimic
‘blood
side’
‘brain
barrier,
choose
cells
types
both
representative
convenient,
adequately
evaluate
barrier
integrity,
stability,
functionality.
