Potential of melatonin as a treatment option for long COVID: A call for research DOI Open Access

Urmisha U. Kakad,

Priyanka Khopkar-Kale, Srikanth Tripathy

et al.

British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 16, 2024

The 21st century's most significant public health crisis is the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients and society face prolonged consequences related to COVID-19, which generally known as long COVID. New treatments are still under development.1 While development of drugs can take over a decade, we should explore currently approved medications for patients in meantime. Melatonin well governing sleep–wake cycles has more than 50 years safe use. Initially, it was described hormone product pineal gland. However, now realized be synthesized secreted from tissues that include retina, bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract placenta.2 Long COVID shows variety symptoms, among neuropsychiatric symptoms like brain fog, memory impairment, anxiety insomnia prevalent, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress mitochondrial dysfunction fundamental mechanisms.3 Inflammation often associated with cytokine storm disrupts blood–brain barrier. latter allows proinflammatory cytokines, such IL-6, activate microglia brain, shifting towards phenotype exacerbating neuroinflammation. may prevent by decreasing release including TNF-α, IL-1β IL-6 while stimulating sirtuin-1-mediated production anti-inflammatory IL-10. Furthermore, increasing expression nuclear factor erythroid 2-related 2 (NRF2) activity, melatonin helps restore balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) antioxidants manage stress. This modulation inflammatory pathways could potentially reduce neuroinflammation thus suffering cognitive mood disturbances. Mitochondrial dysfunction, seen chronic states, relieved improving function, reducing damage restoring energy production, help alleviate fatigue impairment.2, 4 Some studies have assessed impact acute infection COVID-19. A randomized control trial (RCT) demonstrated 5mg oral improved CRP ESR.5 Similarly, double-masked clinical (3mg melatonin)6 pilot study (6mg melatonin)7 found significantly levels. Although many reports indicate melatonin's positive on patients, critical conduct trials explicitly focusing effect already being conducted determine its role optimal dosing efficiency managing assessed. We urge research community potential therapeutic option across various geographical settings. Conceptualization: Urmisha U. Kakad Priyanka S. Khopkar-Kale. Writing original draft: Kakad. Data organization: Formal analysis: Supervision: Khopkar-Kale, Srikanth P. Tripathy Jitendra Bhawalkar. Writing—review editing: Submission: Correspondance: None. data support findings this manuscript openly available 'PUBMED' repository issues DOIs enlisted references manuscript.

Language: Английский

Melatonin from Plants: Going Beyond Traditional Central Nervous System Targeting—A Comprehensive Review of Its Unusual Health Benefits DOI Creative Commons
Lucas Fornari Laurindo,

Otávio Augusto Garcia Simili,

Adriano Cressoni Araújo

et al.

Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 143 - 143

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Melatonin is indispensable for the homeostasis of plants and animals. In humans, it can help prevent or be an adjuvant treatment several diseases mainly related to immune system, inflammation, oxidative stress. Moreover, a melatonin-rich diet linked health benefits, such as regulation circadian rhythm, immunological epilepsy control, delaying aging process, diminishing hormones cancer. This review aimed show effects melatonin in beyond its traditional use. The results showed present scavenging free radicals, reducing inflammatory cytokines, modulating system. improve insulin resistance, blood pressure, LDL-c, adipose tissue mass, adhesion molecules, endothelial impairment, plaque formation. These result neuro- cardioprotection, improvement liver diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatitis, COVID-19, polycystic ovaries, sepsis. We conclude that plant benefit patients with many besides sleep problems neurodegeneration. Plant may more cost-effective fewer adverse events than synthetic. However, clinical trials should performed adequate doses, formulation, time.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Advances in Ferroptosis Research: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanism Exploration, Drug Development, and Disease Treatment DOI Creative Commons
Haojie Wang, Yuanyuan Xie

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(3), P. 334 - 334

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

In recent years, ferroptosis, as an emerging modality of programmed cell death, has captured significant attention within the scientific community. This comprehensive review meticulously canvasses pertinent literature past few spanning multiple facets. It delves into intricate mechanisms underpinning tracks evolution its inducers and inhibitors, dissects roles in a diverse array diseases, well resultant therapeutic implications. A profound exploration is conducted functional ferroptosis-related molecules, intracellular pathways, metabolic cascades, signaling transduction routes. Novel ferroptosis inhibitors are introduced detail, covering their design blueprints, synthetic methodologies, bioactivity profiles. Moreover, exhaustive account provided regarding involvement malignancies, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular ailments, other pathologies. By highlighting pivotal status potential regimens various this aspires to furnish thorough reference framework for future investigations clinical translations domain.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Melatonin attenuates spinal cord injury by regulating ferroptosis through the Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 pathway DOI Creative Commons

Zhengxi Yu,

Dingwei Wu, Tengbin Shi

et al.

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 31, 2025

Abstract Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most devastating and catastrophic types injury, with high rates mortality disability. Ferroptosis has become target many major incurable human diseases. By inhibiting ferroptosis, melatonin (MT) can reduce damage in various organs, but protective effect MT on SCI not been reported yet. The modified Ellen's method was used to establish an rat model. spinal neurons recovery motor function were observed. In vitro experiments, oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model established by using mouse hippocampal neuron (HT22) cells simulate ischemia-reperfusion injury. A ferroptosis directly induced Erastin also used. nuclear factor erythroid 2-related 2 (Nrf2) inhibitor ML 385 further detect mechanism through which inhibits protects neuronal cells. Our study demonstrates that rats, promote behavior injured tissue after SCI. Under electron microscope, inhibited rescued damaged mitochondria, partially restored mitochondrial structure. ML385, Nrf2 inhibitor, reversed effects MT. Overall, may alleviate early activating Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX 4) pathway.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Melatonin stabilizes atherosclerotic plaques: an association that should be clinically exploited DOI Creative Commons
Russel J. Reıter, Ramaswamy Sharma, Alejandro Romero

et al.

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Dec. 11, 2024

Atherosclerosis is the underlying factor in premature death of millions humans annually. The cause often a result rupture an atherosclerotic plaque followed by discharge associated molecular debris into vessel lumen which occludes artery leading to ischemia downstream tissue and morbidity or mortality individual. This most serious when it occurs heart (heart attack) brain (stroke). Atherosclerotic plaques are classified as either soft, rupture-prone, hard, resistant. Melatonin, production diminishes with age, has major actions converting soft hard plaques. Experimentally, melatonin reduces ingrowth capillaries from tunica media relieving pressure on plaque, reducing intraplaque hemorrhage limiting size necrotic core. Moreover, promotes formation collagen invading vascular smooth muscle cells strengthen crown making resistant rupture. Melatonin also powerful antioxidant anti-inflammatory agent such that oxidative damage tissues limits inflammation both contribute cap weakness. Additional benefits relative atherosclerosis inhibition adhesion molecules endothelial cell surface, invasion monocytes arterial intima, conversion M2 macrophages pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages. Given high physiological financial cost cardiac neural ischemic events, this information should be given priority clinical setting.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Therapeutic Effect of Thymoquinone on Melatonin, Ferritin, and Renal Function in Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats DOI Open Access
Ahmet Sarper Bozkurt, Şenay Görücü Yılmaz

European Journal of Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 12, 2024

Objective: Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is the period of tissue or organ damage that develops after tissue's blood flow restored. The extent varies according to severity and cell damage. Thymoquinone (TQ) has a wide therapeutic spectrum. effect thymoquinone on melatonin ferritin in I/R can regulate renal function by combining these two mechanisms improve Therefore, levels as well its regulatory role functions have been investigated. Methods: Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley rats were included study (250-300 g, 8-10 weeks). randomly assigned 6 groups with animals each group. Groups; 1- Control, 2- Sham, 3- Solvent, 4- Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), 5- I/R+ (5 mg/kg/day), 6- TQ mg/kg/day). dorsal region was surgically opened, left artery clamped for 30 minutes then reperfused 24 hours. (i.p) applied treatment 15 days. At end experiment, samples taken from all groups, kidney tests (Na+, K+, Creatinine, urea, BUN) performed. Melatonin analyzed ELISA method samples. Results: Data showed short-term effective serum K+ (P = 0.010) tissue. iron activity, which normal healthy decreased increased significantly positively regulated dysregulation molecules I/R. Conclusion: may contribute healing improving levels, indicates insufficiency ferritin, interacting I/R, are TQ, indicating they management

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Potential of melatonin as a treatment option for long COVID: A call for research DOI Open Access

Urmisha U. Kakad,

Priyanka Khopkar-Kale, Srikanth Tripathy

et al.

British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 16, 2024

The 21st century's most significant public health crisis is the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients and society face prolonged consequences related to COVID-19, which generally known as long COVID. New treatments are still under development.1 While development of drugs can take over a decade, we should explore currently approved medications for patients in meantime. Melatonin well governing sleep–wake cycles has more than 50 years safe use. Initially, it was described hormone product pineal gland. However, now realized be synthesized secreted from tissues that include retina, bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract placenta.2 Long COVID shows variety symptoms, among neuropsychiatric symptoms like brain fog, memory impairment, anxiety insomnia prevalent, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress mitochondrial dysfunction fundamental mechanisms.3 Inflammation often associated with cytokine storm disrupts blood–brain barrier. latter allows proinflammatory cytokines, such IL-6, activate microglia brain, shifting towards phenotype exacerbating neuroinflammation. may prevent by decreasing release including TNF-α, IL-1β IL-6 while stimulating sirtuin-1-mediated production anti-inflammatory IL-10. Furthermore, increasing expression nuclear factor erythroid 2-related 2 (NRF2) activity, melatonin helps restore balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) antioxidants manage stress. This modulation inflammatory pathways could potentially reduce neuroinflammation thus suffering cognitive mood disturbances. Mitochondrial dysfunction, seen chronic states, relieved improving function, reducing damage restoring energy production, help alleviate fatigue impairment.2, 4 Some studies have assessed impact acute infection COVID-19. A randomized control trial (RCT) demonstrated 5mg oral improved CRP ESR.5 Similarly, double-masked clinical (3mg melatonin)6 pilot study (6mg melatonin)7 found significantly levels. Although many reports indicate melatonin's positive on patients, critical conduct trials explicitly focusing effect already being conducted determine its role optimal dosing efficiency managing assessed. We urge research community potential therapeutic option across various geographical settings. Conceptualization: Urmisha U. Kakad Priyanka S. Khopkar-Kale. Writing original draft: Kakad. Data organization: Formal analysis: Supervision: Khopkar-Kale, Srikanth P. Tripathy Jitendra Bhawalkar. Writing—review editing: Submission: Correspondance: None. data support findings this manuscript openly available 'PUBMED' repository issues DOIs enlisted references manuscript.

Language: Английский

Citations

0