Cancer vaccines as promising immuno-therapeutics: platforms and current progress

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 18, 2022

Abstract Research on tumor immunotherapy has made tremendous progress in the past decades, with numerous studies entering clinical evaluation. The cancer vaccine is considered a promising therapeutic strategy of solid tumors. Cancer stimulates anti-tumor immunity antigens, which could be delivered form whole cells, peptides, nucleic acids, etc . Ideal vaccines overcome immune suppression tumors and induce both humoral cellular immunity. In this review, we introduced working mechanism summarized four platforms for development. We also highlighted research vaccines, especially focusing their application efficacy, might hopefully facilitate future design vaccine.

Language: Английский

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Combination strategies to maximize the benefits of cancer immunotherapy

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Sept. 27, 2021

Abstract Immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and adoptive cell therapy (ACT) have revolutionized cancer treatment, especially in patients whose disease was otherwise considered incurable. However, primary secondary resistance to single agent immunotherapy often results treatment failure, only a minority of experience long-term benefits. This review article will discuss the relationship between response mechanisms immunotherapy. It also provide comprehensive on latest clinical status combination therapies (e.g., with chemotherapy, radiation targeted therapy), approved by US Food Drug Administration. an overview targeting cytokines other soluble immunoregulatory factors, ACT, virotherapy, innate modifiers vaccines, well that exploit alternative targets therapeutic modalities. Finally, this include stimulating insights from 2020 China Immuno-Oncology Workshop co-organized Chinese American Hematologist Oncologist Network (CAHON), National Medical Product Administration (NMPA) Tsinghua University School Medicine.

Language: Английский

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Targeting extracellular matrix stiffness and mechanotransducers to improve cancer therapy

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 24, 2022

Abstract Cancer microenvironment is critical for tumorigenesis and cancer progression. The extracellular matrix (ECM) interacts with tumor stromal cells to promote proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis immune evasion. Both ECM itself stiffening-induced mechanical stimuli may activate cell membrane receptors mechanosensors such as integrin, Piezo1 TRPV4, thereby modulating the malignant phenotype of cells. A better understanding how stiffness regulates progression will contribute development new therapeutics. rapidly expanding evidence in this research area suggests that regulators effectors represent potential therapeutic targets cancer. This review summarizes recent work on regulation cancer, effects progression, immunity drug resistance. We also discuss be druggable intervene Based these advances, future efforts can made develop more effective safe drugs interrupt stiffness-induced oncogenic signaling,

Language: Английский

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Reversing insufficient photothermal therapy-induced tumor relapse and metastasis by regulating cancer-associated fibroblasts

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: May 19, 2022

Abstract Insufficient tumor accumulation and distribution of photosensitizers as well low antitumor immunity severely restrict the therapeutic efficacy photothermal therapy (PTT). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a key role in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling immune evasion. Reshaping microenvironment via CAF regulation might provide potential approach for complete elimination combination with PTT. Here, cell-derived microparticles co-delivering calcipotriol Indocyanine green (Cal/ICG@MPs) are developed to modulate CAFs improved PTT efficacy. Cal/ICG@MPs efficiently target tissues regulate reduce ECM, resulting enhanced penetration ICG generate strong activate CD8 + T cell-mediated immunity. In addition, Cal/ICG@MPs-triggered enhances infiltration cells ameliorates CAF-induced antigen-mediated activation-induced cell death tumor-specific response PTT, eliciting long-term memory inhibit recurrence metastasis. Our results support promising drug improve cancer treatment.

Language: Английский

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Contradictory roles of lipid metabolism in immune response within the tumor microenvironment

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Nov. 6, 2021

Complex interactions between the immune system and tumor cells exist throughout initiation development of cancer. Although eliminates malignantly transformed in early stage, surviving evade host defense through various methods even reprogram anti-tumor response to a pro-tumor phenotype obtain unlimited growth metastasis. The high proliferation rate increases demand for local nutrients oxygen. Poorly organized vessels can barely satisfy this requirement, which results an acidic, hypoxic, glucose-deficient microenvironment. As result, lipids microenvironment are activated utilized as primary source energy critical regulators both related cells. However, exact role lipid metabolism reprogramming remains unclear. A comprehensive understanding dysfunction its dual effects on is mapping detailed landscape immunology developing specific treatments cancer patients. In review, we have focused dysregulation discussed contradictory roles response. addition, summarized current therapeutic strategies targeting immunotherapy. This review provides summary

Language: Английский

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Research progress on dendritic cell vaccines in cancer immunotherapy

Experimental Hematology and Oncology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 24, 2022

Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines induce specific immune responses that can selectively eliminate target cells. In recent years, many studies have been conducted to explore DC vaccination in the treatment of hematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes, as well other nonleukemia malignancies. There are at least two different strategies use DCs promote antitumor immunity: situ canonical vaccination. Monocyte-derived (mo-DCs) leukemia-derived (DCleu) main types used for AML MDS thus far. Different cancer-related molecules such peptides, recombinant proteins, apoptotic leukemic cells, whole tumor cells or lysates DCs/DCleu containing a vaster antigenic repertoire with RNA electroporation, antigen sources load DCs. To enhance vaccine efficacy, new strategies, combination conventional chemotherapy, monospecific/bispecific antibodies checkpoint-targeting therapies, explored. After decade trials tribulations, much progress has made promise emerged field. this review we summarize advances immunotherapy AML/MDS

Language: Английский

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Cell Membrane-Coated Mimics: A Methodological Approach for Fabrication, Characterization for Therapeutic Applications, and Challenges for Clinical Translation

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(11), P. 17080 - 17123

Published: Oct. 26, 2021

Cell membrane-coated (CMC) mimics are micro/nanosystems that combine an isolated cell membrane and a template of choice to mimic the functions cell. The design exploits its physicochemical biological properties for therapeutic applications. demonstrate excellent compatibility, enhanced biointerfacing capabilities, physical, chemical, tunability, ability retain cellular properties, immune escape, prolonged circulation time, protect encapsulated drug from degradation active targeting. These ease adapting them personalized clinical medicine have generated significant research interest over past decade. This review presents detailed overview recent advances in development mimics. primary focus is collate discuss components, fabrication methodologies, significance physiochemical characterization techniques validating CMC mimic. We present critical analysis two main components mimics: mapped their use scenarios. In addition, we emphasized on challenges associated with translation. Overall, this up date toolbox researchers can benefit while designing characterizing

Language: Английский

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Dissecting the immune suppressive human prostate tumor microenvironment via integrated single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analyses

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Feb. 7, 2023

The treatment of low-risk primary prostate cancer entails active surveillance only, while high-risk disease requires multimodal including surgery, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy. Recurrence development metastatic remains a clinical problem, without clear understanding what drives immune escape tumor progression. Here, we comprehensively describe the microenvironment localized in comparison with adjacent normal samples healthy controls. Single-cell RNA sequencing high-resolution spatial transcriptomic analyses reveal context dependent changes gene expression. Our data indicate that an suppressive associates myeloid populations exhausted T-cells, addition to high stromal angiogenic activity. We infer cell-to-cell relationships from throughput ligand-receptor interaction measurements within undissociated tissue sections. work thus provides highly detailed comprehensive resource as well tumor-stromal cell interactions.

Language: Английский

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Natural killer cells: a promising immunotherapy for cancer

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: May 23, 2022

Abstract As a promising alternative platform for cellular immunotherapy, natural killer cells (NK) have recently gained attention as an important type of innate immune regulatory cell. NK can rapidly kill multiple adjacent cancer through non-MHC-restrictive effects. Although tumors may develop resistance mechanisms to endogenous cell attack, in vitro activation, expansion, and genetic modification greatly enhance their anti-tumor activity give them the ability overcome drug resistance. Some these approaches been translated into clinical applications, trials infusion patients with hematological malignancies solid thus far yielded many encouraging results. CAR-T exhibited great success treating malignancies, but drawbacks include high manufacturing costs potentially fatal toxicity, such cytokine release syndrome. To issues, CAR-NK were generated engineering demonstrated significant responses lower adverse effects compared therapy. In this review, we summarize recent advances focusing on biology function, types therapy, future perspectives

Language: Английский

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Targeting macrophages in hematological malignancies: recent advances and future directions

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Aug. 17, 2022

Abstract Emerging evidence indicates that the detection and clearance of cancer cells via phagocytosis induced by innate immune checkpoints play significant roles in tumor-mediated escape. The most well-described are “don’t eat me” signals, including CD47/signal regulatory protein α axis (SIRPα), PD-1/PD-L1 axis, CD24/SIGLEC-10 MHC-I/LILRB1 axis. Molecules have been developed to block these pathways enhance phagocytic activity against tumors. Several clinical studies investigated safety efficacy CD47 blockades, either alone or combination with existing therapy hematological malignancies, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), lymphoma. However, only a minority patients responses treatments alone. Combining blockades other treatment modalities studies, early results suggesting synergistic therapeutic effect. Targeting macrophages bispecific antibodies being explored blood therapy. Furthermore, reprogramming pro-tumor anti-tumor macrophages, CAR (CAR-M) demonstrate activities. In this review, we elucidated distinct types macrophage-targeted strategies from preclinical experiments trials, outlined potential approaches developed.

Language: Английский

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