Advances in immunotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Sept. 2, 2023

Immunotherapy has recently emerged as a treatment strategy which stimulates the human immune system to kill tumor cells. Tumor immunotherapy is based on editing, enhances antigenicity of cells and increases tumoricidal effect It also suppresses immunosuppressive molecules, activates or restores function, anti-tumor responses, inhibits growth f cell. This offers possibility reducing mortality in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).Immunotherapy approaches for TNBC have been diversified recent years, with breakthroughs this entity. Research checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) made it possible identify different molecular subtypes formulate individualized schedules. review highlights unique microenvironment integrates analyzes advances ICI therapy. discusses strategies combination ICIs chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted emerging methods such nanotechnology, ribonucleic acid vaccines, gene Currently, numerous ongoing completed clinical trials are exploring utilization conjunction existing modalities TNBC. The objective these investigations assess effectiveness various combined determine most effective regimens patients TNBC.This provides insights into used overcome drug resistance immunotherapy, explores directions development

Language: Английский

---

Intermediate role of gut microbiota in vitamin B nutrition and its influences on human health

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Dec. 13, 2022

Vitamin B consists of a group water-soluble micronutrients that are mainly derived from the daily diet. They serve as cofactors, mediating multiple metabolic pathways in humans. As an integrated part human health, gut microbiota could produce, consume, and even compete for vitamin with host. The interplay between host might be crucial factor affecting absorbing processes B. On other hand, supplementation or deficiency impact growth specific bacteria, resulting changes composition function microbiota. Together, systemically contribute to health. In this review, we summarized interactions tried reveal underlying mechanism so can have better understanding its role

Language: Английский

---

Drug-microbiota interactions: an emerging priority for precision medicine

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Oct. 9, 2023

Abstract Individual variability in drug response (IVDR) can be a major cause of adverse reactions (ADRs) and prolonged therapy, resulting substantial health economic burden. Despite extensive research pharmacogenomics regarding the impact individual genetic background on pharmacokinetics (PK) pharmacodynamics (PD), diversity explains only limited proportion IVDR. The role gut microbiota, also known as second genome, its metabolites modulating therapeutic outcomes human diseases have been highlighted by recent studies. Consequently, burgeoning field pharmacomicrobiomics aims to explore correlation between microbiota variation IVDR or ADRs. This review presents an up-to-date overview intricate interactions classical agents for systemic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular (CVDs), endocrine others. We summarise how directly indirectly, modify absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME) drugs. Conversely, drugs modulate composition function leading changes microbial metabolism immune response. discuss practical challenges, strategies, opportunities this field, emphasizing critical need develop innovative approach multi-omics, integrate various data types, genomic data, well translate lab into clinical practice. To sum up, represents promising avenue address improve patient outcomes, further is imperative unlock full potential precision medicine.

Language: Английский

---

Immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma

Cancer Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 555, P. 216038 - 216038

Published: Dec. 16, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Microbial metabolite butyrate promotes anti-PD-1 antitumor efficacy by modulating T cell receptor signaling of cytotoxic CD8 T cell

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(2)

Published: Aug. 27, 2023

Recent studies have demonstrated that the antitumor immunity of immune cells can be modulated by gut microbiota and their metabolites. However, underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we showed serum butyric acid level is positively correlated with expression programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) on circulating CD8+ Vγ9 Vδ2 (Vδ2+) T in patients non-small lung cancer (NSCLC). Responder NSCLC exhibited higher levels acetic acid, propionic than non-responders. Depletion reduces butyrate both feces tumor-bearing mice. Mechanistically, increased histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) at promoter region Pdcd1 Cd28 human cells, thereby promoting PD-1/CD28 enhancing efficacy anti-PD-1 therapy. Butyrate supplementation promotes cytokines cytotoxic modulating T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathway. Collectively, our findings reveal metabolite facilitates immunotherapy TCR CD8 a highly promising therapeutic biomarker for immunity.

Language: Английский

---

Effects of dietary intervention on human diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: March 11, 2024

Abstract Diet, serving as a vital source of nutrients, exerts profound influence on human health and disease progression. Recently, dietary interventions have emerged promising adjunctive treatment strategies not only for cancer but also neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune cardiovascular metabolic disorders. These demonstrated substantial potential in modulating metabolism, trajectory, therapeutic responses. Metabolic reprogramming is hallmark malignant progression, deeper understanding this phenomenon tumors its effects immune regulation significant challenge that impedes eradication. Dietary intake, key environmental factor, can tumor metabolism. Emerging evidence indicates might affect the nutrient availability tumors, thereby increasing efficacy treatments. However, intricate interplay between pathogenesis other diseases complex. Despite encouraging results, mechanisms underlying diet-based remain largely unexplored, often resulting underutilization management. In review, we aim to illuminate various interventions, including calorie restriction, fasting-mimicking diet, ketogenic protein restriction high-salt high-fat high-fiber aforementioned diseases. We explore multifaceted impacts these encompassing their immunomodulatory effects, biological impacts, molecular mechanisms. This review offers valuable insights into application therapies

Language: Английский

---

Causal Effects of Specific Gut Microbiota on Chronic Kidney Diseases and Renal Function—A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 360 - 360

Published: Jan. 11, 2023

Targeting the gut microbiota may become a new therapeutic to prevent and delay progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nonetheless, causal relationship between specific intestinal flora CKD is still unclear.To identify genetically predicted microbiota, we used summary data from genome-wide association studies on in 18340 participants 24 cohorts. Furthermore, 211 microbiotas six phenotypes (outcomes) (CKD, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), dialysis, rapid progress CKD, decline eGFR). Four Mendelian randomization (MR) methods, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, median, mode were investigate casual various outcomes. The result IVW was deemed as primary result. Then, Cochrane's Q test, MR-PRESSO Global test detect heterogeneity pleiotropy. leave-one method for testing stability MR results Bonferroni-corrected strength exposure outcome.Through analysis clinical phenotypes, total 36 microflora found be associated with Among them, Class Bacteroidia (=-0.005, 95% CI: -0.001 -0.008, p = 0.002) has strong causality lower eGFR after whereas phylum Actinobacteria (OR 1.0009, 95%CI: 1.0003-1.0015, 0.0024) dialysis. reveals that there no significant single nucleotide polymorphisms. In addition, level pleiotropy according MR-Egger tests.Through two-sample analysis, identified incidence at gene prediction, which provide helpful biomarkers early diagnosis potential targets CKD.

Language: Английский

---

Role of gut microbiome in cancer immunotherapy: from predictive biomarker to therapeutic target

Experimental Hematology and Oncology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Sept. 28, 2023

Immunotherapy has emerged as an effective treatment for various types of cancers. Recent studies have highlighted a significant correlation between the gut microbiome and patients' response to immunotherapy. Several characteristics microbiome, such community structures, taxonomic compositions, molecular functions, been identified crucial biomarkers predicting immunotherapy immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Unlike other -omics, can serve not only but also potential targets enhancing efficacy Approaches modulating include probiotics/prebiotics supplementation, dietary interventions, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), antibiotic administration. This review primarily focuses on elucidating role in cancer improving its efficacy. Notably, we explore reasons behind inconsistent findings observed different studies, highlight underlying benefits antibiotics liver

Language: Английский

---

Cancer Resistance to Immunotherapy: Comprehensive Insights with Future Perspectives

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 1143 - 1143

Published: April 4, 2023

Cancer immunotherapy is a type of treatment that harnesses the power immune systems patients to target cancer cells with better precision compared traditional chemotherapy. Several lines have been approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) led remarkable success in solid tumors, such as melanoma small-cell lung cancer. These immunotherapies include checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines, vaccines, while chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell has shown responses hematological malignancies. Despite these breakthrough achievements, response variable among patients, only small percentage gained from this treatment, depending on histological tumor other host factors. develop mechanisms avoid interacting circumstances, which an adverse effect how effectively they react therapy. arise either due intrinsic factors within or microenvironment (TME). When scenario used therapeutic setting, term “resistance immunotherapy” applied; “primary resistance” denotes failure respond start, “secondary relapse following initial immunotherapy. Here, we provide thorough summary internal external underlying resistance Furthermore, variety are briefly discussed, along recent developments employed prevent relapses focus upcoming initiatives improve efficacy for patients.

Language: Английский

---

Potential effects of gut microbiota on host cancers: focus on immunity, DNA damage, cellular pathways, and anticancer therapy

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(10), P. 1535 - 1551

Published: Aug. 8, 2023

Abstract The symbiotic bacteria that live in the human gut and metabolites they produce have long influenced local systemic physiological pathological processes of host. microbiota are increasingly being recognized for its impact on a range diseases, including cancer, it may play key role occurrence, progression, treatment, prognosis many types cancer. Understanding functional cancer is crucial development era personalized medicine. Here, we review recent advances research summarize important associations clear experimental evidence variety cancers, focus application possible challenges associated with antitumor therapy. In conclusion, our demonstrated multifaceted mechanisms affecting provides directions ideas future clinical research.

Language: Английский

---