Exosomes: A potential tool for immunotherapy of ovarian cancer

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 18, 2023

Ovarian cancer is a malignant tumor of the female reproductive system, with very poor prognosis and high mortality rates. Chemotherapy radiotherapy are most common treatments for ovarian cancer, unsatisfactory results. Exosomes subpopulation extracellular vesicles, which have diameter approximately 30–100 nm secreted by many different types cells in various body fluids. highly stable effective carriers immunotherapeutic drugs. Recent studies shown that exosomes involved cellular responses microenvironment, influencing development therapeutic efficacy exhibiting dual roles inhibiting promoting development. also contain variety genes related to immunotherapy could be potential biomarkers diagnosis prognosis. Undoubtedly, great field immunotherapy. However, translation this idea clinic has not occurred. Therefore, it important understand how used regulate progression. In review, we summarize fluids mechanisms influence response. We discuss prospects clinical application exosome-based cancer.

Language: Английский

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Nanozyme‐Enhanced Electrochemical Biosensors: Mechanisms and Applications

Small, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(14)

Published: Nov. 20, 2023

Abstract Nanozymes, as innovative materials, have demonstrated remarkable potential in the field of electrochemical biosensors. This article provides an overview mechanisms and extensive practical applications nanozymes First, definition characteristics are introduced, emphasizing their significant role constructing efficient sensors. Subsequently, several common categories nanozyme materials delved into, including metal‐based, carbon‐based, metal‐organic framework, layered double hydroxide nanostructures, discussing Regarding mechanisms, two key roles particularly focused biosensors: selective enhancement signal amplification, which crucially support sensor performance. In terms applications, widespread use nanozyme‐based biosensors showcased various domains. From detecting biomolecules, pollutants, nucleic acids, proteins, to cells, providing robust means for high‐sensitivity detection. Furthermore, insights into future development is provided, encompassing improvements optimizations design integration, expansion application fields through interdisciplinary collaboration. conclusion, this systematically presents biosensors, offering valuable references prospects research field.

Language: Английский

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Revolutionizing anti-tumor therapy: unleashing the potential of B cell-derived exosomes

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: June 5, 2023

B cells occupy a vital role in the functioning of immune system, working tandem with T to either suppress or promote tumor growth within microenvironment(TME). In addition direct cell-to-cell communication, and other release exosomes, small membrane vesicles ranging size from 30-150 nm, that facilitate intercellular signaling. Exosome research is an important development cancer research, as they have been shown carry various molecules such major histocompatibility complex(MHC) integrins, which regulate TME. Given close association between TME development, targeting substances has emerged promising strategy for therapy. This review aims present comprehensive overview contributions made by exosomes microenvironment (TME). Additionally, we delve into potential cell-derived progression cancer.

Language: Английский

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Exosomes play roles in sequential processes of tumor metastasis

International Journal of Cancer, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 144(7), P. 1486 - 1495

Published: Aug. 30, 2018

Overwhelming evidence demonstrates that exosomes, a series of biologically functional small vesicles endocytic origin carrying variety active constituents, especially tumor-derived contribute to tumor progression and metastasis. This review focuses on the specific multifaceted roles exosomes in affecting sequenced four crucial processes metastasis, through which cancer cells spread from primary secondary organs finally form macroscopic metastatic lesions. First, modulate sites assist growth dissemination. In this part, five main biological events are reviewed, including transfer oncogenic recruitment activation fibroblasts, induction angiogenesis, immunosuppression epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) promotion. Step 2, we list two recently disclosed mechanisms during organ-specific homing process: exosomal integrin model epidermal factor receptor (EGFR)/miR-26/hepatocyte (HGF) model. Subsequently, 3 interactions between pre-metastatic niche, highlight functions lymphangiogenesis, immune modulation metabolic, epigenetic stromal reprogramming niche. Finally, summarize helping circulating escape immunologic surveillance, survive blood circulation proliferate host organs.

Language: Английский

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Exosomal let-7d-3p and miR-30d-5p as diagnostic biomarkers for non-invasive screening of cervical cancer and its precursors

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: April 2, 2019

Cervical cancer screening through detection and treatment of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is most successful in prevention. However, the accuracy current tests still low. The aim this study was to develop a more accurate method based on circulating exosomal miRNAs. miRNA sequencing performed identify candidate miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers 121 plasma samples from healthy volunteers, carcinoma patients, CIN patients. A panel with eight differentially expressed identified distinguish patients II+ group (including advanced II patients) those I− I volunteers). Let-7d-3p miR-30d-5p showed significant difference between tumors adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.005), exhibited consistent trend samples, were further validated 203 independent samples. Integrating these two yielded an AUC value 0.828 group. Further integrating them into cytological test-based model resulted higher 0.887, while test alone 0.766. In summary, let-7d-3p are valuable for non-invasive its precursors. validation using large sample sizes required clinical diagnosis.

Language: Английский

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Combinatorial therapy in tumor microenvironment: Where do we stand?

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 1876(2), P. 188585 - 188585

Published: July 2, 2021

Language: Английский

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MicroRNAs in extracellular vesicles: Sorting mechanisms, diagnostic value, isolation, and detection technology

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Oct. 17, 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs, with length about 18–22 nucleotides. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from cells and play vital role in the development diseases can be used as biomarkers for liquid biopsy, they carriers miRNA. Existing studies have found that most functions miRNA mainly realized through intercellular transmission EVs, which protect sort miRNAs. Meanwhile, detection sensitivity specificity EV-derived higher than those conventional serum biomarkers. In recent years, EVs been expected to become new marker biopsy. This review summarizes progress several aspects including sorting mechanisms, diagnostic value, technology isolation addition, study reviews challenges future research avenues field providing basis application miRNAs disease clinical diagnosis even point-of-care testing (POCT) platforms.

Language: Английский

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Emerging Role of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts-Derived Exosomes in Tumorigenesis

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 4, 2022

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most important component of stromal cell population in tumor microenvironment and play an irreplaceable role oncogenesis cancer progression. Exosomes, a class small extracellular vesicles, can transfer biological information (e.g., proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites as messengers) from secreting cells to target recipient cells, thereby affecting progression human diseases, including cancers. Recent studies revealed that CAF-derived exosomes crucial part tumorigenesis, proliferation, metastasis, drug resistance, immune response. Moreover, aberrant expression exosomal noncoding RNAs proteins strongly correlates with clinical pathological characterizations patients. Gaining deeper insight into participation tumorigenesis may lead novel diagnostic biomarkers therapeutic targets

Language: Английский

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Breast cancer cell–derived microRNA-155 suppresses tumor progression via enhancing immune cell recruitment and antitumor function

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 132(19)

Published: Aug. 4, 2022

Evidence suggests that increased microRNA-155 (miR-155) expression in immune cells enhances antitumor responses. However, given the reported association of miR-155 with tumorigenesis various cancers, a debate is provoked on whether oncogenic or tumor suppressive. We aimed to interrogate impact expression, particularly cancer cell-derived miR-155, immunity breast cancer. performed bioinformatic analysis human databases, murine experiments, and specimen examination. revealed higher levels correlate favorable profile better patient outcomes. Murine experiments demonstrated overexpression enhanced T cell influx, delayed growth, sensitized tumors checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Mechanistically, upregulated their CXCL9/10/11 production, which was mediated by SOCS1 inhibition phosphorylated STAT1 (p-STAT1)/p-STAT3 ratios. further found serum patients correlated status. Our findings suggest high may be prognostic marker for therapeutic elevation improve efficacy ICB therapy via remodeling landscape.

Language: Английский

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Role of Ceramides and Lysosomes in Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis, Cargo Sorting and Release

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(23), P. 15317 - 15317

Published: Dec. 5, 2022

Cells have the ability to communicate with their immediate and distant neighbors through release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs facilitate intercellular signaling packaging specific cargo in all type cells, perturbations EV biogenesis, sorting, uptake is basis a number disorders. In this review, we summarize recent advances complex roles sphingolipid ceramide lysosomes journey biogenesis uptake.

Language: Английский

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