Microbiota in disease-transmitting vectors

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(9), P. 604 - 618

Published: May 22, 2023

Language: Английский

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Microbiota perturbation by anti-microbiota vaccine reduces the colonization of Borrelia afzelii in Ixodes ricinus

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: July 24, 2023

Abstract Background Ticks can transmit a broad variety of pathogens medical importance, including Borrelia afzelii , the causative agent Lyme borreliosis in Europe. Tick microbiota is an important factor modulating, not only vector physiology, but also competence. Anti-microbiota vaccines targeting keystone taxa tick alter feeding and modulate taxonomic functional profiles bacterial communities vector. However, impact anti-microbiota vaccine on tick-borne pathogen development within has been tested. Results Here, we characterized Ixodes ricinus modulation response to B. infection found that induces changes composition, its beta diversity structure community assembly. perturbation by antibodies or addition novel commensal bacteria into midguts causes departures from -induced which resulted lower load I. . Co-occurrence networks allowed identification emergent properties better defined infection-refractory states microbiota. Conclusions These findings suggest highly sensitive perturbations departure induced pose high cost spirochete. Network analysis emerges as suitable tool identify associated with states. be used for control vector-borne pathogens.

Language: Английский

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Evolution of tick vaccinology

Parasitology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 8

Published: April 8, 2024

Ticks represent a major concern for society worldwide. are also difficult to control, and vaccines the most efficacious, safe, economically feasible environmentally sustainable intervention. The evolution of tick vaccinology has been driven by multiple challenges such as (1) (2) Vaccines control infestations reducing ectoparasite fitness reproduction, (3) Vaccine efficacy against species, (4) Impact strain genetic diversity on vaccine efficacy, (5) Antigen combination improve (6) formulations delivery platforms (7) Combination with transgenesis paratransgenesis. Tick antigens evolved from organ protein extracts recombinant proteins chimera designed vaccinomics quantum vaccinomics. Future directions will advance in these areas together other novel technologies multiomics, AI Big Data, mRNA vaccines, microbiota-driven probiotics interventions collaboration regions high incidence tick-borne diseases personalized medicine approach.

Language: Английский

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The first direct detection of spotted fever group Rickettsia spp. diversity in ticks from Ningxia, northwestern China

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. e0012729 - e0012729

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Background Tick-borne infectious diseases caused by the spotted fever group Rickettsia (SFGR) have continuously emerging, with many previously unidentified SFGR species reported. The prevalence of SFGRs in northwestern China remains unclear. This study aimed to examine and Anaplasma analyzing tick samples collected from Ningxia region. Methods During 2022–2023, ticks were Ningxia, China, screened using PCR amplify target genes (16S rRNA, gltA , ompA groEL ). amplicons confirmed Sanger sequencing. Single-gene sequences concatenated used infer phylogenetic relationships for identifying species. Results Out 425 DNA samples, a total 210 tested positive relatively high rate 49.4% (210/425). Eight rickettsiae one identified characterized, including raoultii (102, 24.0%), R . aeschlimannii (65, 15.3%), sibirica (12, 2.8%), slovaca (4, 0.9%), heilongjiangensis (1, 0.2%), Cadidatus hongyuanensis Ca R. jingxinensis (11, 2.6%), vulgarisii 2.6%) ovis (98, 23.1%). bacterial ranged 0.2% 24.0%. Interestingly, novel species, provisionally named “ Candidatus vulgarisii”, was detected Argas Zhongwei city, which suggests possibility local transmission other areas through birds. Genetic analysis based on 16S 17kDa indicated that it divergent all known SFG but mostly related vini Different associated specific or genera. In addition, ovi s two Dermacentor co-infection observed 14.6% (62/425) samples. Conclusions describes diversity first time direct detection, reveals data surveillance tick-borne infections among human populations should be enhanced this region, further investigations their pathogenicity humans domestic animals are still needed.

Language: Английский

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Pathogen Binding and Entry: Molecular Interactions with the Insect Gut

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 70(1), P. 165 - 184

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

The point of entry for the majority arthropod pathogens and arthropod-vectored plant, animal, human health importance is midgut. Pathogen interaction with midgut therefore represents a primary target intervention to prevent pathogen infection transmission. Despite this key role in invasion, relatively little known specific molecular interactions between surface gut epithelium, few receptors having been definitively identified. This article provides an overview midgut, focus on proteins that mediate entry, highlights recent methodological advances facilitate identification receptor proteins.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Live and Peptide-Based Antimicrobiota Vaccines on Ixodes ricinus Fitness, Microbiota, and Acquisition of Tick-Borne Pathogens

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 206 - 206

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

This study explored the effects of antimicrobiota vaccines on acquisition Borrelia and Rickettsia, microbiota composition Ixodes ricinus ticks. Using a murine model, we investigated immunological responses to live Staphylococcus epidermidis multi-antigenic peptide (MAP) vaccines. Immunized mice were infected with either afzelii or Rickettsia helvetica, subsequently infested pathogen-free I. nymphs. We monitored tick feeding behavior, survival rates, infection levels. Additionally, employed comprehensive analyses, including alpha beta diversity assessments microbial co-occurrence network construction. Our results indicate that both S. MAP elicited significant antibody in mice, notable bactericidal against epidermidis. The vaccination altered patterns fitness ticks, Live vaccine group showing higher weight faster time. Microbiota analysis revealed shifts between groups, distinct networks taxa abundances observed. Notably, exhibited more robust complex structure, while demonstrated resilience perturbations. However, appeared taxon-dependent, as inferred from our previous findings microbiota-driven pathogen refractoriness. Staphylococcus-based but had no effect B. infection, yielded inconclusive for R. helvetica. In contrast, studies suggest E. coli-based modulation can induce pathogen-refractory state, highlighting importance bacterial species selection shaping susceptibility. direct comparison under identical experimental conditions across multiple is required confirm this taxon-specific effect. These influences assembly, its transmission depend taxon targeted selected epitopes. research provides insights into need strategic enhance efficacy controlling tick-borne diseases.

Language: Английский

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The Symbiotic Continuum Within Ticks: Opportunities for Disease Control

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: March 17, 2022

Among blood-sucking arthropods, ticks are recognized as being of prime global importance because their role vectors pathogens affecting human and animal health. Ticks carry a variety pathogenic, commensal, symbiotic microorganisms. For the latter, studies available concerning detection endosymbionts, but in physiology ecology remains largely unexplored. This review paper focuses on tick endosymbionts genera Coxiella , Rickettsia Francisella Midichloria Wolbachia impact tick-pathogen interactions that drive disease risk. Tick can affect by influencing nutritional adaptation, fitness, immunity. Further, symbionts may influence ecology, they interact with tick-borne facilitate or compete pathogen development within vector tissues. Rickettsial frequently found Ixodes, Amblyomma Dermacentor relatively lower occurrence Rhipicephalus, Haemaphysalis Hyalomma ticks, while -like (CLEs) were reported infecting almost all species tested. (FLEs) have been identified such Dermacentor, Amblyomma, Ornithodoros, Ixodes whereas sp. has detected Rhipicephalus genera. Notably, CLEs FLEs obligate essential for survival through life cycle. American dog showed greater motility when infected indirectly infection risk, providing evidence relationship between tick-vectored pathogens. The widespread across phylogeny functional roles interference suggests significant contribution to evolution and/or competence. We currently understand little how these parasitism, capacity, transmission colonization, ultimately dynamics. Filling this knowledge gap represents major challenge future research.

Language: Английский

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Anti-Microbiota Vaccine Reduces Avian Malaria Infection Within Mosquito Vectors

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: March 3, 2022

Animal and human pathogens that are transmitted by arthropods a global concern, particularly those vectored mosquitoes (e.g., Plasmodium spp. dengue virus). Vector microbiota may hold the key to vector-borne pathogen control, as mounting evidence suggests contributions of vector physiology life cycle so relevant vectorial capacity cannot be understood without considering microbial communities within vectors. Anti-tick vaccines targeting commensal bacteria alter feeding modulate taxonomic functional profiles microbiome, but their impact on development has not been tested. In this study, we tested whether anti-microbiota vaccination in birds Enterobacteriaceae mosquito midguts modulates disrupt relictum its natural Culex quinquefasciatus . Domestic canaries ( Serinus canaria domestica ) were experimentally infected with P. and/or immunized live containing different strains Escherichia coli Immunization induced E. -specific antibodies. The midgut fed -infected -immunized from control birds. Notably, modulation was associated significant decrease occurrence oocysts sporozoites salivary glands C. , respectively. A reduction number also observed. These findings suggest can used novel tool malaria transmission potentially other pathogens.

Language: Английский

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Influence of microbiota-driven natural antibodies on dengue transmission

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: March 15, 2024

Dengue has had a significant global health impact, with dramatic increase in incidence over the past 50 years, affecting more than 100 countries. The absence of specific treatment or widely applicable vaccine emphasizes urgent need for innovative strategies. This perspective reevaluates current evidence supporting concept dual protection against dengue virus (DENV) through natural antibodies (NAbs), particularly anti-α-Gal induced by host’s gut microbiome (GM). These serve purpose. Firstly, they can directly identify DENV, as mosquito-derived viral particles have been observed to carry α-Gal, thereby providing safeguard human infections. Secondly, possess potential impede development vector interacting vector’s and triggering infection-refractory states. intricate interplay between GM NAbs on one side DENV other suggests novel approach, using target simultaneously disrupt decrease pathogen transmission competence, blocking cycles.

Language: Английский

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Rickettsia helvetica infection is associated with microbiome modulation in Ixodes ricinus collected from humans in Serbia

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: July 6, 2022

Abstract Rickettsia helvetica is an emerging pathogen of the Spotted Fever Group (SFGR) causing spotted fever diseases in various European countries. This tick-borne replicates tick tissues such as midgut and salivary gland, but its potential interactions with vector microbiota poorly characterized. The microbiome plays a pivotal role tick-pathogen interactions, some members facilitate or impede infection. Manipulations have led to reduction colonization vector. However, translating these findings into disease control applications requires thorough characterization response different pathogens. In this study, we analyzed compared Ixodes ricinus ticks attached on humans collected Serbia. Ticks were either infected R. , uninfected major pathogens (referred hereafter ‘pathogen-free’). We used microbial co-occurrence network analysis determine keystone taxa each set samples, study interaction patterns communities inferred functional profiles -positive pathogen-free samples also compared. Our results show that infection reduces significantly diversity connectivity network. addition, using identified bacterial (i.e., Enterobacteriaceae, Comamonadaceae, Bacillus ) negatively associated ‘ ’ -infected ticks, suggesting competition between microbiota. reconstruction metabolic pathways shows presence might impact functions microbiome. These can inform novel interventions for prevention other SFGR infections humans.

Language: Английский

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