Protein & Cell,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 27, 2022
Abstract
Histone
lysine
methyltransferases
(HKMTs)
deposit
methyl
groups
onto
residues
on
histones
and
play
important
roles
in
regulating
chromatin
structure
gene
expression.
The
structures
functions
of
HKMTs
have
been
extensively
investigated
recent
decades,
significantly
advancing
our
understanding
the
dynamic
regulation
histone
methylation.
Here,
we
review
progress
structural
studies
representative
complex
with
nucleosomes
(H3K4,
H3K27,
H3K36,
H3K79,
H4K20
methyltransferases),
emphasis
molecular
mechanisms
nucleosome
recognition
trans-histone
crosstalk
by
these
HKMTs.
These
inform
HKMTs’
tumorigenesis
provide
foundations
for
developing
new
therapeutic
approaches
targeting
cancers.
BioEssays,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
44(12)
Published: Nov. 1, 2022
Abstract
Alternative
non‐B‐DNA
conformations
formed
under
physiological
conditions
by
sequences
called
flipons
include
left‐handed
Z‐DNA,
three‐stranded
triplexes,
and
four‐stranded
i‐motifs
quadruplexes.
These
accumulate
release
energy
to
enable
the
local
assembly
of
cellular
machines
in
a
context
specific
manner.
In
these
transactions,
nucleosomes
store
power,
serving
like
rechargeable
batteries,
while
smooth
flows
from
source
sink
acting
as
capacitors
or
resistors.
Here,
I
review
known
biological
roles
for
flipons.
present
recent
unequivocal
findings
showing
how
innate
immune
responses
are
regulated
Z‐flipons
that
identify
endogenous
RNAs
self.
Evidence
is
also
presented
supporting
important
other
flipon
classes.
examples,
dynamic
exchange
between
enables
rapid
switching
genetic
programs
without
altering
sequence.
The
increased
phenotypic
diversity
enabled
drives
their
natural
selection,
with
adaptations
evolving
faster
than
possible
codon
mutation
alone.
Epigenetics,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
18(1)
Published: May 17, 2023
Histones
are
subjected
to
extensive
covalent
modifications
that
affect
inter-nucleosomal
interactions
as
well
alter
chromatin
structure
and
DNA
accessibility.
Through
switching
the
corresponding
histone
modifications,
level
of
transcription
diverse
downstream
biological
processes
can
be
regulated.
Although
animal
systems
widely
used
in
studying
signalling
occur
outside
nucleus
prior
have
not
been
understood
due
limitations
including
non
viable
mutants,
partial
lethality,
infertility
survivors.
Here,
we
review
benefits
using
Arabidopsis
thaliana
model
organism
study
their
upstream
regulations.
Similarities
among
histones
key
modifiers
such
Polycomb
group
(PcG)
Trithorax
(TrxG)
Drosophila,
Human,
examined.
Furthermore,
prolonged
cold-induced
vernalization
system
has
well-studied
revealed
relationship
between
controllable
environment
input
(duration
vernalization),
its
FLOWERING
LOCUS
C
(FLC),
following
gene
expression,
phenotypes.
Such
evidence
suggests
research
on
bring
insights
into
incomplete
pathways
box,
which
achieved
through
reverse
genetic
screenings
based
phenotypes
instead
direct
monitoring
individual
mutants.
The
potential
regulators
provide
cues
or
directions
for
similarities
them.
GASTROENTEROLOGY,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
58(3), P. 210 - 221
Published: Sept. 13, 2024
Based
on
the
analysis
of
literary
sources
PubMed,
MedLine,
The
Cochrane
Library,
EMBASE
database,
authors
article
give
general
provisions
regarding
post-translational
modifications
histones
(small
proteins
with
a
molecular
weight
10–15
kDa,
which
make
up
largest
part
nuclear
proteins),
are
associated
development
metabolic
dysfunction-associated
fatty
liver
disease.
emphasize
that
histone
regulate
activity
gene
expression,
and
each
these
types
differently
changes
structure
chromatin
and,
as
result,
expression.
Currently,
more
than
20
protein
have
been
identified
(acetylation,
biotinylation,
butyrylation,
2-hydroxybutyrylation,
ADP-ribosylation,
N-formylation,
hydroxylation,
glycosylation,
glutarylation,
dopaminylation,
proline
isomerization
aspartic
acid
carbonylation,
crotonylation,
lactylation,
malonylation,
methylation,
propionylation,
succinylation,
SUMOylation,
ubiquitination,
phosphorylation,
citrullination).
Epigenetic
epitranscriptomic
induced
by
lifestyle,
especially
nature
diet
physical
activity,
influence
exogenous
endogenous
factors.
Prolonged
epigenetic
determine
expression
target
genes
can
be
accompanied
disorders
progression
Histone
modification
is
carried
out
site-specific
enzymes:
writers,
identify
marker,
erasers,
“erase”
marker.
Post-translational
change
local
physicochemical
environment
based
this,
directly
affect
nucleosome
chromatin.
Also,
N-
C-terminal
tails
act
“docking
sites”
recruit
specific
readers.
Readers
both
in
intranucleosomal
space,
modifying
adjacent
sites
or
recruiting
transcription
factors,
activators
repressors,
internucleosomal
space.
also
describe
pathophysiological
significance
disease,
diagnostic
value
biomarkers,
potential
pharmacological
management
to
achieve
inhibition
pathological
process.
Biochemistry (Moscow),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
88(7), P. 968 - 978
Published: July 1, 2023
Epigenetic
genome
regulation
during
malignant
cell
transformation
is
characterized
by
the
aberrant
methylation
and
acetylation
of
histones.
Vorinostat
(SAHA)
an
epigenetic
modulator
actively
used
in
clinical
oncology.
The
antitumor
activity
vorinostat
commonly
believed
to
be
associated
with
inhibition
histone
deacetylases,
while
impact
this
drug
on
has
been
poorly
studied.
Using
HeLa
TI
cells
as
a
test
system
allowing
evaluation
effect
epigenetically
active
compounds
from
expression
GFP
reporter
gene
knockdown
small
interfering
RNAs,
we
showed
that
not
only
suppressed
HDAC1,
but
also
reduced
EZH2,
SUV39H1,
SUV39H2,
SUV420H1.
ability
suppress
SUV39H1/2,
SUV420H1
was
confirmed
Western
blotting.
downregulated
SUV420H2
DOT1L
enzymes.
data
obtained
expand
our
understanding
effects
demonstrate
need
for
large-scale
analysis
its
toward
other
enzymes
involved
regulation.
Elucidation
mechanism
underlying
action
will
contribute
more
proper
use
treatment
tumors
profile.
Journal of Fungi,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
9(12), P. 1187 - 1187
Published: Dec. 11, 2023
Understanding
the
molecular
basis
of
cancer
initiation
and
progression
is
critical
in
developing
effective
treatment
strategies.
Recently,
mutations
genes
encoding
histone
proteins
that
drive
oncogenesis
have
been
identified,
converting
these
essential
into
“oncohistones”.
how
oncohistone
mutants,
which
are
commonly
single
missense
mutations,
subvert
normal
function
histones
to
requires
defining
functional
consequences
such
changes.
Histones
present
multiple
copies
human
genome
with
15
H3
isoforms,
for
majority
variants
analyzed
thus
far.
With
so
many
wildtype
being
expressed
simultaneously
within
oncohistone,
it
can
be
difficult
decipher
precise
mechanistic
mutant
protein.
In
contrast
humans,
budding
fission
yeast
contain
only
two
or
three
genes,
respectively.
Furthermore,
share
~90%
sequence
identity
Its
genetic
simplicity
evolutionary
conservation
make
an
excellent
model
characterizing
oncohistones.
The
power
approaches
also
exploited
models
define
cellular
signaling
pathways
could
serve
as
actionable
therapeutic
targets.
this
review,
we
focus
on
value
a
discovery
tool
provide
insights
inform
subsequent
translational
studies
humans.
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
10
Published: March 30, 2023
Adverse
cardiac
remodeling
after
acute
myocardial
infarction
is
the
most
important
pathological
mechanism
of
heart
failure
and
remains
a
major
problem
in
clinical
practice.
Cardiac
macrophages,
derived
from
tissue
resident
macrophages
circulating
monocyte,
undergo
significant
phenotypic
functional
changes
following
injury
play
crucial
roles
inflammatory
response
repair
response.
Currently,
numerous
studies
indicate
that
epigenetic
regulatory
factors
transcription
can
regulate
reparative
genes
timely
conversion
into
then
alleviate
remodeling.
Accordingly,
targeting
transcriptional
regulation
may
be
promising
option
for
treatment.
In
this
review,
we
not
only
summarize
origin
function
but
more
importantly,
describe
failure,
aiming
to
provide
potential
therapeutic
target
failure.
Reproduction,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
167(3)
Published: Jan. 18, 2024
In
brief
The
proliferation
of
the
endometrium
is
regulated
by
histone
methylation.
This
study
shows
that
decreased
NSD2
impairs
proliferative-phase
endometrial
stromal
cell
in
patients
with
recurrent
implantation
failure
via
epigenetic
reprogramming
H3K36me2
methylation
on
promoter
region
MCM7
.
Abstract
Recurrent
(RIF)
a
formidable
challenge
assisted
reproductive
technology
because
its
unclear
molecular
mechanism.
Impaired
human
(HESC)
disrupts
rhythm
menstrual
cycle,
resulting
devastating
disorders
between
embryo
and
endometrium.
function
enzymes
modulating
HESC
remains
largely
uncharacterized.
Herein,
we
found
levels
methyltransferase
nuclear
receptor
binding
SET
domain
protein
2
(NSD2)
dimethylation
lysine
36
H3
are
significantly
RIF.
Knockdown
an
line
markedly
impaired
globally
reduced
to
chromatin,
leading
altered
expression
many
genes.
Transcriptomic
analyses
revealed
cycle-related
gene
sets
were
downregulated
RIF
‑knockdown
HESCs.
Furthermore,
RNA-sequencing
CUT&Tag
sequencing
analysis
suggested
knockdown
cycle
marker
(encoding
minichromosome
maintenance
complex
component
7)
expression.
interaction
was
verified
using
chromatin
immunoprecipitation–quantitative
real-time
PCR.
Our
results
demonstrated
unifying
epigenome-scale
mechanism
which
