Alzheimer’s disease and infectious agents: a comprehensive review of pathogenic mechanisms and microRNA roles

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia and characterized by presence senile plaques neurofibrillary tangles. There are various theories concerning causes AD, but connection between viral bacterial infections their potential role in pathogenesis AD has become a fascinating area research for field. Various viruses such as Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), Epstein-Barr (EBV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), influenza viruses, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), well bacteria Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP), Helicobacter pylori (HP), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), Spirochetes eukaryotic unicellular parasites (e.g., Toxoplasma gondii), have been linked to due ability activate immune system, induce inflammation increase oxidative stress, thereby leading cognitive decline AD. In addition, microRNAs (miRNAs) might play crucial mechanisms these pathogens since they utilized target protein-coding genes, allowing evasion, maintaining latency, suppressing cellular signaling molecules. Also, can regulate gene expression human cells. This article provides an overview association infectious agents, with focus on which may be related These findings suggest important areas further explored future studies.

Language: Английский

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Inter- and Transgenerational Effects of In Ovo Stimulation with Bioactive Compounds on Cecal Tonsils and cecal Mucosa Transcriptomes in a Chicken Model

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 1174 - 1174

Published: Jan. 29, 2025

Exploring how early-life nutritional interventions may impact future generations, this study examines the inter- and transgenerational effects of in ovo injection bioactive compounds on gene expression cecal tonsils mucosa using a chicken model. Synbiotic PoultryStar® (Biomin) choline were injected 12th day egg incubation. Three experimental groups established generation F1: (1) control group (C) receiving 0.9% physiological saline (NaCl), (2) synbiotic (SYN) 2 mg/embryo, (3) combined (SYNCH) mg 0.25 per embryo. For generations F2 F3, SYN SYNCH each divided into two subgroups: (A) those solely F1 (SYNs SYNCHs) (B) (SYNr SYNCHr). At 21 weeks posthatching, tonsil samples collected from F1, F2, F3 birds for transcriptomic analysis. Gene profiling revealed distinct intergenerational patterns both tissues. In tonsils, significant was noted following drop F2. contrast, showed more changes indicating effects. While some carried they less pronounced, except SYNs group, which experienced an increase compared to The highlights that epigenetic modifications are dynamic unpredictable, with potentially re-emerging later under certain conditions or fading intensifying over time. This provides valuable insights stimulation during embryonic development regulate processes across multiple generations. Our findings provide evidence supporting phenomenon dynamics

Language: Английский

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Effects of Maternal Stress on the Development of the Somatotropic Axis During the Larval and Juvenile Stages in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Fishes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 37 - 37

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Stress is recognized as an adaptive response to potentially harmful environmental stimuli. The primary physiological adaptation stress increase in circulating cortisol levels, which, excess, can be transferred and incorporated into the oocytes of maturing females, affecting embryonic developmental program. Additionally, maternal energy availability essential factor that modulates this Based on background, we investigated effects development somatotropic axis zebrafish offspring juveniles. Zebrafish mothers were divided two groups based diet: Group 1 received a cortisol-enriched diet, mimic stress, while 2 (control) standard for five days. On third day after treatment, control treated females bred with untreated males. Offspring assessed at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 h post-fertilization (hpf). Morphological analyses performed during development, including survival rate, body length, presence pericardial edema, heartbeat. We examined gene expression key components, mtor, foxo3a, mafbx, murf1, mstna, gh, igf1, igf2a, igf2b, 11hsdb2, fkbp5. study demonstrated cortisol-treated significantly influenced resulting higher mortality rates increased morphological abnormalities, particularly edema. Gene analysis revealed alterations transcripts related axis, especially genes involved protein synthesis, signs accelerated growth first hour post-fertilization. At 30 days post-fertilization, juveniles from displayed marked muscle bundle size cross-sectional diameter compared group. Our findings provide valuable insights intricate interaction between factors offspring.

Language: Английский

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Pollutants in Microenvironmental Cellular Interactions During Liver Inflammation Cancer Transition and the Application of Multi-Omics Analysis

Toxics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 163 - 163

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

This study categorizes pollutant-induced inflammation–cancer transition into three stages: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It systematically reveals the temporal heterogeneity of damage. The findings indicate that pollutants not only directly damage hepatocytes but also modulate key cells in immune microenvironment, such as hepatic stellate (HSCs) Kupffer cells, thereby amplifying inflammatory fibrotic responses, ultimately accelerating progression HCC. Mechanistically, early stage primarily cause hepatocyte injury through oxidative stress lipid metabolism dysregulation. During fibrosis stage, promote by inducing extracellular matrix accumulation, while HCC they drive tumorigenesis via activation Wnt/β-catenin pathway p53 inactivation. Through multi-omics analyses, this identifies critical pathogenic molecules signaling pathways regulated pollutants, providing new insights their mechanisms, potential biomarkers, therapeutic targets. These offer valuable guidance for development diagnostic strategies diseases formulation environmental health risk prevention measures.

Language: Английский

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A cross-generational methylomic signature of infant maltreatment in newborn rhesus macaques

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Impact of metformin on gene expression in Burmese loach (Lepidocephalichthys berdmorei) from Manipur, India

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 978, P. 179458 - 179458

Published: April 19, 2025

Language: Английский

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Intrauterine Influences on a Lifetime of Health

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(5), P. e259214 - e259214

Published: May 8, 2025

Language: Английский

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