From gut to liver: organoids as platforms for next-generation toxicology assessment vehicles for xenobiotics DOI Creative Commons
Sulaiman Mohammed Alnasser

Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: March 26, 2025

Traditional toxicological assessment relied heavily on 2D cell cultures and animal models of study, which were inadequate for the precise prediction human response to chemicals. Researchers have now shifted focus organoids assessment. Organoids are 3D structures produced from stem cells that mimic shape functionality organs a number advantages compared traditional study. They capacity replicate intricate cellular microenvironment in vivo interactions. offer physiologically pertinent platform is useful researchers monitor responses more realistic manner evaluate drug toxicity. Additionally, can be created unique patient, allowing individualized research providing understanding inter-individual heterogeneity responses. Recent developments use gut liver xenobiotics (environmental toxins drugs) reviewed this article. Gut reveal potential damage digestive system how affect nutrient absorption barrier function. Liver primary site detoxification metabolism xenobiotics, usually routed gut. Hence, these linked crucial evaluating chemical or pollutant induced organ toxicity, forecasting their pharmacokinetics. When incorporated into development process, organoid improve accuracy efficiency safety assessments, leading safer effective treatments. We also discuss limitations using organoid-based assays, future prospects, including need standardized protocols overcoming reproducibility issues.

Language: Английский

Brain organoids and organoid intelligence from ethical, legal, and social points of view DOI Creative Commons
Thomas Härtung, Itzy E. Morales Pantoja, Lena Smirnova

et al.

Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Human brain organoids, aka cerebral organoids or earlier "mini-brains", are 3D cellular models that recapitulate aspects of the developing human brain. They show tremendous promise for advancing our understanding neurodevelopment and neurological disorders. However, unprecedented ability to model development function

Language: Английский

Citations

23
Ethical, legal and social aspects of human cerebral organoids and their governance in Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States DOI Creative Commons
Anja Pichl, Robert Ranisch, Ozan Altınok

et al.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Nov. 13, 2023

Human cerebral organoids (HCOs) are model systems that enable researchers to investigate the human brain in ways had previously been impossible. The emergence of HCOs was accompanied by both expert and layperson discussions concerning possibility these novel entities developing sentience or consciousness. Such concerns reflected deliberations about how handle regulate their use. This perspective article resulted from an international interdisciplinary research retreat "Ethical, Legal Social Aspects Cerebral Organoids Governance Germany, United Kingdom States", which took place Tübingen, August 2022. focused on whether HCO requires new ethical regulatory approaches. It addressed epistemic issues around detection theorisation consciousness, moral status conduct, difficulties for legislation guidelines managing entities, public engagement.

Language: Английский

Citations

35
Cerebral Organoid Research Ethics and Pinning the Tail on the Donkey DOI Creative Commons
Alex McKeown

Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32(4), P. 542 - 554

Published: May 10, 2023

The risk of creating cerebral organoids/assembloids conscious enough to suffer is a recurrent concern in organoid research ethics. On one hand, we should, apparently, avoid discovering how distinguish between organoids that it would be permissible (non-conscious) and impermissible (conscious) use research, since if successful create suffer. the other, do not, persists might inadvertently continue cause Moreover, modeling some brain disorders may require inducing stress organoids, unclear eliminate risk, want develop effective therapies. We are committed harm avoidance but hamstrung by presumption should tell us clearly when suffering occurs. How can negotiate this challenge maximize therapeutic benefits research? author interrogates challenge, suggesting tentative way forward.

Language: Английский

Citations

27
The Edge of Sentience DOI
Jonathan Birch

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 19, 2024

Abstract Can octopuses feel pain and pleasure? What about crabs, shrimps, insects, or spiders? How do we tell whether a person unresponsive after severe brain injury might be suffering? When does fetus in the womb start to have conscious experiences? Could there even rudimentary feelings miniature models of human brain, grown from stem cells? And what AI? These are questions edge sentience, they subject enormous, disorienting uncertainty. The stakes immense, neglecting risks can terrible costs. We need err on side caution, yet it’s often far clear ‘erring caution’ should mean practice. going too far? not doing enough? Edge Sentience presents comprehensive precautionary framework designed help us reach ethically sound, evidence-based decisions despite our

Language: Английский

Citations

16
Polyethersulfone Polymer for Biomedical Applications and Biotechnology DOI Open Access
Monika Wasyłeczko,

Cezary Wojciechowski,

Andrzej Chwojnowski

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(8), P. 4233 - 4233

Published: April 11, 2024

Polymers stand out as promising materials extensively employed in biomedicine and biotechnology. Their versatile applications owe much to the field of tissue engineering, which seamlessly integrates engineering with medical science. In medicine, biomaterials serve prototypes for organ development implants or scaffolds facilitate body regeneration. With growing demand innovative solutions, synthetic hybrid polymer materials, such polyethersulfone, are gaining traction. This article offers a concise characterization polyethersulfone followed by an exploration its diverse biotechnological realms. It concludes summarizing significant roles advancing both medicine biotechnology, outlined accompanying table.

Language: Английский

Citations

14
Advancing Organoid Engineering for Tissue Regeneration and Biofunctional Reconstruction DOI Creative Commons
Hairong Jin, Zengqi Xue, Jinnv Liu

et al.

Biomaterials Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 28

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Tissue damage and functional abnormalities in organs have become a considerable clinical challenge. Organoids are often applied as disease models drug discovery screening. Indeed, several studies shown that organoids an important strategy for achieving tissue repair biofunction reconstruction. In contrast to established stem cell therapies, high relevance. However, conventional approaches limited the application of regenerative medicine. Engineered might capacity overcome these challenges. Bioengineering—a multidisciplinary field applies engineering principles biomedicine—has bridged gap between medicine promote human health. More specifically, bioengineering been accelerate their translation. this review, beginning with basic concepts organoids, we describe strategies cultivating engineered discuss multiple modes create conditions breakthroughs organoid research. Subsequently, on reconstruction presented. Finally, highlight limitations challenges hindering utilization applications. Future research will focus using advanced tools personalized

Language: Английский

Citations

12
Vascularised organoids: Recent advances and applications in cancer research DOI Creative Commons
Rui Zhou, Dagmar Brislinger, Julia Fuchs

et al.

Clinical and Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Cancer-on-chip: a 3D model for the study of the tumor microenvironment DOI Creative Commons

Elisa Cauli,

Michela Anna Polidoro, Simona Marzorati

et al.

Journal of Biological Engineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Aug. 17, 2023

Abstract The approval of anticancer therapeutic strategies is still slowed down by the lack models able to faithfully reproduce in vivo cancer physiology. On one hand, conventional vitro fail recapitulate organ and tissue structures, fluid flows, mechanical stimuli characterizing human body compartments. other animal cannot typical tumor microenvironment, essential study behavior progression. This reviews cancer-on-chips as most promising tools model investigate microenvironment metastasis. We also described how cancer-on-chip devices have been developed implemented common primary cancers their metastatic sites. Pros cons this technology are then discussed highlighting future challenges close gap between pre-clinical clinical studies accelerate new therapies humans.

Language: Английский

Citations

22
3D multicellular systems in disease modelling: From organoids to organ-on-chip DOI Creative Commons
Caoimhe Goldrick, Ina Guri,

Gabriel Herrera-Oropeza

et al.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 2, 2023

Cell-cell interactions underlay organ formation and function during homeostasis. Changes in communication between cells their surrounding microenvironment are a feature of numerous human diseases, including metabolic disease neurological disorders. In the past decade, cross-disciplinary research has been conducted to engineer novel synthetic multicellular systems 3D, organoids, assembloids, organ-on-chip models. These model systems, composed distinct cell types, satisfy need for better understanding complex biological mechanisms underpinning diseases. this review, we discuss emerging field building 3D application modelling cellular at play We report recent experimental computational approaches capturing cell-cell as well progress bioengineering recapitulating these complexities

Language: Английский

Citations

20
Organoids as preclinical models of human disease: progress and applications DOI Creative Commons
Baodan Chen,

Cijie Du,

Mengfei Wang

et al.

Medical Review, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(2), P. 129 - 153

Published: March 13, 2024

Abstract In the field of biomedical research, organoids represent a remarkable advancement that has potential to revolutionize our approach studying human diseases even before clinical trials. Organoids are essentially miniature 3D models specific organs or tissues, enabling scientists investigate causes diseases, test new drugs, and explore personalized medicine within controlled laboratory setting. Over past decade, organoid technology made substantial progress, allowing researchers create highly detailed environments closely mimic body. These can be generated from various sources, including pluripotent stem cells, specialized tissue tumor cells. This versatility enables replicate wide range affecting different organ systems, effectively creating disease replicas in dish. exciting capability provided us with unprecedented insights into progression how we develop improved treatments. this paper, will provide an overview progress utilizing as preclinical models, aiding understanding providing more effective addressing diseases.

Language: Английский

Citations

8