Analytical Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 5, 2025
Digital
microfluidics
represents
an
emerging
versatile
platform
that
offers
numerous
advantages
in
biomolecule
detection.
However,
conventional
probes
often
lack
high-intensity
and
high-sensitivity
signals,
making
it
challenging
for
precise
automatic
analysis.
Recently,
optical
microresonators
stand
as
a
prominent
detection
the
biological
field.
Here
we
introduce
whispering
gallery
mode
(WGM)
microlasers
into
microwell
array,
forming
digital
lasing
system.
The
signal
makes
highly
sensitive,
which
amplifies
subtle
changes
via
strong
interactions
of
light
matter.
microfluidic
droplet
technique
further
allowed
with
uniform
laser
thresholds
high-throughput
fabrication.
We
utilized
this
tool
analysis
exosomes
derived
from
tumor
spheroids.
believe
optofluidic
system
could
serve
promising
diverse
assays
various
biomedical
applications.
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
264, P. 130728 - 130728
Published: March 11, 2024
Exosomes
(EXOs),
minute
membranous
structures
originating
from
diverse
biological
sources,
have
recently
seized
the
attention
of
researchers
due
to
their
theranostic
potential
for
neurological
diseases.
Released
actively
by
various
cells,
including
stem
adipose
tissue,
and
immune
EXOs
wield
substantial
regulatory
influence
over
intricate
landscape
complications,
exhibiting
both
positive
negative
modulatory
effects.
In
AD,
play
a
pivotal
role
in
disseminating
breaking
down
amyloid-β
protein.
Moreover,
derived
mesenchymal
cells
showcase
remarkable
capacity
mitigate
pro-inflammatory
phenotypes
regulating
miRNAs
neurodegenerative
These
vesicles
possess
unique
ability
traverse
blood-brain
barrier,
governing
aggregation
mutant
huntingtin
Understanding
exosomal
functions
within
CNS
holds
significant
promise
enhancing
treatment
efficacy
This
review
intricately
examines
mechanisms
involving
disease
development,
highlighting
therapeutic
prospects
exploring
utility
exosome-based
nanomedicine
complications.
Additionally,
delves
into
challenges
associated
with
drug
delivery
brain,
emphasizing
complexities
inherent
this
critical
aspect
neurotherapeutics.
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: Feb. 13, 2024
Exosomes,
extracellular
vesicles
secreted
by
cells,
have
garnered
significant
attention
in
recent
years
for
their
remarkable
therapeutic
potential.
These
nanoscale
carriers
can
be
harnessed
the
targeted
delivery
of
agents,
such
as
pharmaceuticals,
proteins,
and
nucleic
acids,
across
biological
barriers.
This
versatile
attribute
exosomes
is
a
promising
modality
precision
medicine
applications,
notably
realm
cancer
therapy.
However,
despite
substantial
potential,
still
confront
challenges
tied
to
standardization
scalability
that
impede
practice
clinical
applications.
Moreover,
heterogeneity
isolation
methodologies
limited
cargo
loading
mechanisms
pose
obstacles
ensuring
consistent
outcomes,
thereby
constraining
utility.
In
contrast,
exhibit
distinct
advantage
diagnosis,
they
harbor
specific
signatures
reflective
tumor's
genetic
proteomic
profile.
characteristic
endows
them
with
potential
serve
valuable
liquid
biopsies
non-invasive
real-time
monitoring,
making
possible
early
detection
development
personalized
treatment
strategies.
this
review,
we
provide
an
extensive
evaluation
advancements
exosome
research,
critically
examining
advantages
limitations
context
therapy
diagnosis.
Furthermore,
present
curated
overview
most
technological
innovations
utilizing
exosomes,
focus
on
enhancing
efficacy
detection.
International Journal of Nanomedicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
Volume 19, P. 2529 - 2552
Published: March 1, 2024
Abstract:
The
blood-brain
barrier
(BBB)
and
blood-tumor
(BTB)
pose
substantial
challenges
to
efficacious
drug
delivery
for
glioblastoma
multiforme
(GBM),
a
primary
brain
tumor
with
poor
prognosis.
Nanoparticle-based
combinational
strategies
have
emerged
as
promising
modalities
overcome
these
barriers
enhance
penetration
into
the
parenchyma.
This
review
discusses
various
nanoparticle-based
combinatorial
approaches
that
combine
nanoparticles
cell-based
delivery,
viral
focused
ultrasound,
magnetic
field,
intranasal
permeability
across
BBB
BTB.
Cell-based
involves
using
engineered
cells
carriers
nanoparticles,
taking
advantage
of
their
intrinsic
migratory
homing
capabilities
facilitate
transport
therapeutic
payloads
Viral
uses
vectors
deliver
genes
or
specific
within
GBM
microenvironment.
Focused
coupled
microbubbles
can
temporarily
disrupt
increase
permeability.
Magnetic
field-guided
exploits
targeted
under
an
external
field.
Intranasal
offers
minimally
invasive
avenue
bypass
agents
directly
via
olfactory
trigeminal
pathways.
By
combining
strategies,
synergistic
effects
efficiency,
improve
efficacy,
reduce
off-target
effects.
Future
research
should
focus
on
optimizing
nanoparticle
design,
exploring
new
combination
advancing
preclinical
clinical
investigations
promote
translation
therapies
GBM.
Keywords:
glioblastoma,
barrier,
nanoparticle,
strategy,
ultrasound-wave,
Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(2), P. 147 - 147
Published: Jan. 22, 2025
Exosomes
have
emerged
as
promising
therapeutic
agents
in
regenerative
medicine.
This
review
introduces
a
novel
cell
type-oriented
perspective
to
systematically
analyze
exosomal
properties
therapies.
To
our
knowledge,
this
is
the
first
comprehensively
compare
exosomes
based
on
cellular
source
type,
offering
unprecedented
insights
into
selecting
optimal
exosome
producers
for
targeted
applications.
Factors
beyond
origin
influencing
efficacy,
such
donor
sites
and
collection
methods,
are
also
explored
here.
By
synthesizing
key
advances,
we
propose
research
directions
end.
We
aim
accelerate
development
of
more
effective
exosome-based
therapies
highlight
underexplored
rapidly
evolving
field.
Life,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(2), P. 294 - 294
Published: Feb. 13, 2025
Parkinson's
disease
(PD)
is
a
progressive
neurodegenerative
disorder
primarily
characterized
by
the
loss
of
dopaminergic
neurons
in
substantia
nigra.
Mitochondrial
dysfunction,
oxidative
stress,
and
neuroinflammation
are
recognized
as
critical
pathological
mechanisms
driving
neurodegeneration
PD.
Exosome
(Exo)-based
therapies,
particularly
those
derived
from
human
neural
stem
cells
(hNSCs),
offer
promising
neuroprotective
effects
due
to
their
ability
transfer
bioactive
molecules
that
modulate
cellular
processes.
Resveratrol
(RES),
polyphenolic
compound
with
potent
antioxidant
anti-inflammatory
properties,
has
been
shown
enhance
therapeutic
potential
cell
(SC)-derived
Exos.
This
study
investigated
RES-treated
hNSCs-derived
Exos
(RES-hNSCs-Exos)
on
SH-SY5Y
exposed
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
(MPP+),
neurotoxin
commonly
used
model
Parkinsonian
neurotoxicity.
Treating
MPP+
led
significant
reductions
viability,
mitochondrial
increased
activation
inflammatory
pathways.
Treatment
RES-hNSCs-Exos
rescued
MPP+-induced
toxicity
improving
enhancing
ATP
production,
increasing
biogenesis,
reducing
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
generation.
The
findings
also
demonstrated
expression
essential
genes
involved
such
PGC1α,
NRF1,
Tfam,
indicating
improved
function
presence
RES-hNSCs-Exos.
Further
analysis
revealed
these
protective
were
mediated
activating
AMP-activated
protein
kinase
(AMPK)
Nrf2
signaling
pathways,
which
promoted
health
reduced
stress.
Moreover,
treatment
suppressed
downregulating
NLRP3
inflammasome
secretion
pro-inflammatory
cytokines
IL-1β
IL-18.
In
conclusion,
results
suggest
exhibit
against
neurotoxicity
function,
inhibiting
neuroinflammation.
These
highlight
hNSCs-Exos
novel
strategy
for
diseases
like
PD,
RES
valuable
enhancer
efficacy.
Biomedicines,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(4), P. 781 - 781
Published: April 2, 2024
Traumatic
brain
injury
is
one
of
the
leading
causes
morbidity
and
mortality
worldwide
major
public
healthcare
burdens
in
US,
with
millions
patients
suffering
from
traumatic
itself
(approximately
1.6
million/year)
or
its
repercussions
(2–6
million
disabilities).
The
severity
can
range
mild
transient
neurological
dysfunction
impairment
to
severe
profound
disability
that
leaves
completely
non-functional.
Indications
for
treatment
differ
based
on
injury’s
severity,
but
goals
early
prevent
secondary
injury.
Hemodynamic
stability,
monitoring
intracranial
pressure,
maintenance
cerebral
perfusion
support
adequate
oxygenation
ventilation,
administration
hyperosmolar
agents
and/or
sedatives,
nutritional
support,
seizure
prophylaxis
are
mainstays
medical
Surgical
management
options
include
decompressive
craniectomy
cerebrospinal
fluid
drainage
via
insertion
an
external
ventricular
drain.
Several
emerging
modalities
being
investigated,
such
as
anti-excitotoxic
agents,
anti-ischemic
dysregulation
S100B
protein,
erythropoietin,
endogenous
neuroprotectors,
anti-inflammatory
stem
cell
neuronal
restoration
among
others.