mTOR signaling pathway and mTOR inhibitors in cancer: progress and challenges

Cell & Bioscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: March 10, 2020

Abstract Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates cell proliferation, autophagy, and apoptosis by participating in multiple signaling pathways the body. Studies have shown that mTOR pathway is also associated with cancer, arthritis, insulin resistance, osteoporosis, other diseases. The pathway, which often activated tumors, not only gene transcription protein synthesis to regulate proliferation immune differentiation but plays an important role tumor metabolism. Therefore, a hot anti-tumor therapy research. In recent years, variety newly discovered inhibitors entered clinical studies, drugs been proven high activity combination inhibitors. purpose this review introduce on apoptosis, growth, metabolism cells, research progress field.

Language: Английский

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Targeting HER2-positive breast cancer: advances and future directions

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. 101 - 126

Published: Nov. 7, 2022

Language: Английский

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Cancer immunotherapy: Pros, cons and beyond

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 124, P. 109821 - 109821

Published: Jan. 18, 2020

Cancer immunotherapy is an innovative treatment for tumors today. In various experiments and clinical studies, it has been found that does have incomparable advantages over traditional anti-tumor therapy, which can prolong progression-free survival (PFS) overall (OS). However, obvious complexity uncertainty. Immunotherapy may also cause severe adverse reactions due to overactive immune system. More effective fewer immunological checkpoints are still under further exploration. This review gives overview of recent developments in indicates a new direction tumor through analyzing the pros cons coupled with keeping close watch on development trend future.

Language: Английский

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Microsatellite instability: a review of what the oncologist should know

Cancer Cell International, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Jan. 13, 2020

Abstract The patients with high microsatellite instability (MSI-H)/mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) tumors recently have been reported that can benefit from immunotherapy, and MSI be used as a genetic of tumor detection index. However, many studies shown there are heterogeneous phenomena in terms prognosis chemotherapy sensitivity. Here we mainly review the research results methods, mechanisms occurrence its relationship related tumors, aiming to make brief analysis current status provide comparable reference guidance value for further this field.

Language: Английский

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Applying high-dimensional single-cell technologies to the analysis of cancer immunotherapy

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 18(4), P. 244 - 256

Published: Dec. 4, 2020

Language: Английский

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Integrative Methods and Practical Challenges for Single-Cell Multi-omics

Trends in biotechnology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 38(9), P. 1007 - 1022

Published: March 26, 2020

Language: Английский

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Advancing to the era of cancer immunotherapy

Cancer Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 41(9), P. 803 - 829

Published: June 24, 2021

Cancer greatly affects the quality of life humans worldwide and number patients suffering from it is continuously increasing. Over last century, numerous treatments have been developed to improve survival cancer but substantial progress still needs be made before can truly cured. In recent years, antitumor immunity has become most debated topic in research booming development immunotherapy led a new epoch therapy. this review, we describe relationships between tumors immune system, rise immunotherapy. Then, summarize characteristics tumor-associated immunotherapeutic strategies with various molecular mechanisms by showing typical molecules whose antibodies are broadly used clinic those that under investigation. We also discuss important elements individual cells whole human body, including cellular mutations modulation, metabolic reprogramming, microbiome, contexture. addition, present observations technical advancements both diagnostic therapeutic methods aimed at Lastly, controversies challenges negatively impact patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Identification, Classification, and Differentiation

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Jan. 3, 2022

Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs), identified as pericytes comprising the hematopoietic niche, are a group of heterogeneous composed multipotent stem cells, including osteochondral and adipocyte progenitors. Nevertheless, identification classification still controversial, which limits their application. In recent years, by lineage tracing single-cell sequencing, several new subgroups BMSCs roles in normal physiological pathological conditions have been clarified. Key regulators mechanisms controlling fate being revealed. Cross-talk among bone has demonstrated. this review, we focus on advances BMSCs, provides important implications for clinical applications.

Language: Английский

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Advances in single-cell RNA sequencing and its applications in cancer research

Journal of Hematology & Oncology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Aug. 24, 2023

Abstract Cancers are a group of heterogeneous diseases characterized by the acquisition functional capabilities during transition from normal to neoplastic state. Powerful experimental and computational tools can be applied elucidate mechanisms occurrence, progression, metastasis, drug resistance; however, challenges remain. Bulk RNA sequencing techniques only reflect average gene expression in sample, making it difficult understand tumor heterogeneity microenvironment. The emergence development single-cell (scRNA-seq) technologies have provided opportunities subtle changes biology identifying distinct cell subpopulations, dissecting microenvironment, characterizing cellular genomic mutations. Recently, scRNA-seq technology has been increasingly used cancer studies explore which increased understanding tumorigenesis evolution. This review summarizes basic processes their increasing applications research clinical practice.

Language: Английский

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Emerging Targeted Therapies for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer

Cancers, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 1987 - 1987

Published: March 26, 2023

Breast cancer is the most common in women and leading cause of death. HER2 overexpression found approximately 20% breast cancers associated with a poor prognosis shorter overall survival. Tratuzumab, monoclonal antibody directed against receptor, standard care treatment. However, third patients do not respond to therapy. Given high rate resistance, other HER2-targeted strategies have been developed, including antibodies such as pertuzumab margetuximab, trastuzumab-based drug conjugates trastuzumab-emtansine (T-DM1) trastuzumab-deruxtecan (T-DXd), tyrosine kinase inhibitors like lapatinib tucatinib, among others. Moreover, T-DXd has proven be use HER2-low subtype, which suggests that therapies could successful this recently defined new subclassification. When progress multiple strategies, there are several available; however, treatment options limited, potential combination drugs, immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cells, CAR-NK, CAR-M, vaccines an interesting appealing field still development. In review, we will discuss highlights pitfalls different combinations overcome metastatic disease resistance

Language: Английский

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