Unraveling the enigma of tumor-associated macrophages: challenges, innovations, and the path to therapeutic breakthroughs

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Nov. 14, 2023

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are integral to the tumor microenvironment (TME), influencing cancer progression significantly. Attracted by cell signals, TAMs exhibit unparalleled adaptability, aligning with dynamic milieu. Their roles span from promoting growth and angiogenesis modulating metastasis. While substantial research has explored fundamentals of TAMs, comprehending their adaptive behavior, leveraging it for novel treatments remains challenging. This review delves into TAM polarization, metabolic shifts, complex orchestration cytokines chemokines determining functions. We highlight complexities TAM-targeted focusing on adaptability potential variability in therapeutic outcomes. Moreover, we discuss synergy integrating TAM-focused strategies established treatments, such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy. Emphasis is laid pioneering methods like reprogramming immunotherapy adoption single-cell technologies precision intervention. synthesis seeks shed light TAMs’ multifaceted cancer, pinpointing prospective pathways transformative enhancing modalities oncology.

Language: Английский

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An Overview of Advances in Rare Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 1201 - 1201

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Cancer stands as the leading global cause of mortality, with rare cancer comprising 230 distinct subtypes characterized by infrequent incidence. Despite inherent challenges in addressing diagnosis and treatment cancers due to their low occurrence rates, several biomedical breakthroughs have led significant advancement both areas. This review provides a comprehensive overview state-of-the-art diagnostic techniques that encompass new-generation sequencing multi-omics, coupled integration artificial intelligence machine learning, revolutionized diagnosis. In addition, this highlights latest innovations therapeutic options, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, transplantation, drug combination undergone clinical trials significantly contribute tumor remission overall survival patients. review, we summarize recent insights understanding pathophysiology, diagnosis, modalities, well faced development data interpretation development.

Language: Английский

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Deciphering Depression: Epigenetic Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies

Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 638 - 638

Published: Aug. 20, 2024

Depression, a significant mental health disorder, is under intense research scrutiny to uncover its molecular foundations. Epigenetics, which focuses on controlling gene expression without altering DNA sequences, offers promising avenues for innovative treatment. This review explores the pivotal role of epigenetics in depression, emphasizing two key aspects: (I) identifying epigenetic targets new antidepressants and (II) using personalized medicine based distinct profiles, highlighting potential focal points such as methylation, histone structure alterations, non-coding RNA molecules miRNAs. Variations methylation individuals with depression provide opportunities target genes that are associated neuroplasticity synaptic activity. Aberrant acetylation may indicate antidepressant strategies involve enzyme modifications. Modulating miRNA levels can reshape depression-linked expression. The second section discusses profiles. Analyzing these patterns could identify biomarkers treatment response susceptibility facilitating tailored treatments proactive care. Addressing ethical concerns regarding information, privacy stigmatization, crucial understanding biological basis depression. Therefore, researchers must consider issues when examining disorders. importance critical aspect modern medical research. These findings hold great novel medications treatments, would significantly improve patient outcomes, transform psychiatry. As progresses, it expected more complex aspects processes enhance our comprehension, increase effectiveness therapies.

Language: Английский

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Innovative laboratory techniques shaping cancer diagnosis and treatment in developing countries

Discover Oncology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Feb. 8, 2025

Abstract Cancer is a major global health challenge, with approximately 19.3 million new cases and 10 deaths estimated by 2020. Laboratory advancements in cancer detection have transformed diagnostic capabilities, particularly through the use of biomarkers that play crucial roles risk assessment, therapy selection, disease monitoring. Tumor histology, single-cell technology, flow cytometry, molecular imaging, liquid biopsy, immunoassays, diagnostics emerged as pivotal tools for detection. The integration artificial intelligence, deep learning convolutional neural networks, has enhanced accuracy data analysis capabilities. However, developing countries face significant challenges including financial constraints, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, limited access to advanced technologies. impact COVID-19 further complicated management resource-limited settings. Future research should focus on precision medicine early diagnosis sophisticated laboratory techniques improve prognosis outcomes. This review examines evolving landscape detection, focusing breakthroughs limitations countries, while providing recommendations advancing tumor resource-constrained environments.

Language: Английский

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Integrated Bioinformatic Analyses Reveal Thioredoxin as a Putative Marker of Cancer Stem Cells and Prognosis in Prostate Cancer

Cancer Informatics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Objectives: Prostate cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in cell survival, proliferation, metastasis, and recurrence; thus, removing CSCs is for complete removal. However, the mechanisms underlying CSC functions remain largely unknown, making it difficult to develop new anticancer drugs targeting CSCs. Herein, we aimed identify novel factors that regulate stemness predict prognosis. Methods: We reanalyzed 2 single-cell RNA sequencing data of prostate (PCa) tissues using Seurat. used gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) estimate identified common upregulated genes between these datasets. To investigate whether its expression levels change over differentiation, performed a trajectory monocle 3. In addition, GSEA helped us understand how stemness. Finally, assess their clinical significance, Cancer Genome Atlas database evaluate impact on Results: The thioredoxin ( TXN), redox enzyme, was approximately 1.2 times higher than PCa P < 1 × 10 −10 ), TXN decreased differentiation. suggested intracellular signaling pathways, including MYC, may be involved regulation by TXN. Furthermore, correlated with poor prognosis (P .05) patients high Conclusions: Despite limited sample size our study need further vitro vivo experiments demonstrate functionally regulates CSCs, findings suggest serve as therapeutic target against Moreover, could useful marker predicting patients.

Language: Английский

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A review on trends in development and translation of omics signatures in cancer

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23, P. 954 - 971

Published: Feb. 3, 2024

The field of cancer genomics and transcriptomics has evolved from targeted profiling to swift sequencing individual tumor genome transcriptome. steady growth in genome, epigenome, transcriptome datasets on a genome-wide scale significantly increased our capability capturing signatures that represent both the intrinsic extrinsic biological features tumors. These differences can help precise molecular subtyping cancer, predicting progression, metastatic potential, resistance therapeutic agents. In this review, we summarized current development genomic, methylomic, transcriptomic, proteomic metabolic research highlighted their potentials clinical applications improve diagnosis, prognosis, treatment decision patients.

Language: Английский

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A systematic overview of single-cell transcriptomics databases, their use cases, and limitations

Frontiers in Bioinformatics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: July 8, 2024

Rapid advancements in high-throughput single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) technologies and experimental protocols have led to the generation of vast amounts transcriptomic data that populates several online databases repositories. Here, we systematically examined large-scale scRNA-seq databases, categorizing them based on their scope purpose such as general, tissue-specific disease-specific cancer-focused cell type-focused databases. Next, discuss technical methodological challenges associated with curating along current computational solutions. We argue understanding including limitations assumptions, is crucial for effectively utilizing this make robust discoveries identify novel biological insights. Such platforms can help bridge gap between wet lab scientists through user-friendly web-based interfaces needed democratizing access data. These would facilitate interdisciplinary research, enabling researchers from various disciplines collaborate effectively. This review underscores importance leveraging approaches unravel complexities offers a promising direction future research field.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling novel insights in acute myeloid leukemia through single-cell RNA sequencing

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 22, 2024

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex and heterogeneous group of aggressive hematopoietic stem cell disease. The presence diverse functionally distinct populations cells within the same patient’s bone marrow or blood poses significant challenge in diagnosing treating AML. A substantial proportion AML patients demonstrate resistance to induction chemotherapy grim prognosis upon relapse. rapid advance next generation sequencing technologies, such as single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), has revolutionized our understanding pathogenesis by enabling high-resolution interrogation cellular heterogeneity ecosystem, their transcriptional signatures at level. New studies have successfully characterized inextricably intertwined interactions among cells, immune microenvironment contributions development, therapeutic These findings deepened broadened complexity AML, which are difficult detect with bulk RNA-seq. This review encapsulates burgeoning body knowledge generated through scRNA-seq, providing novel insights discoveries it unveiled biology. Furthermore, we discuss potential implications scRNA-seq opportunities, focusing on immunotherapy. Finally, highlight current limitations future direction field.

Language: Английский

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XgCPred: Cell type classification using XGBoost-CNN integration and exploiting gene expression imaging in single-cell RNAseq data

Computers in Biology and Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 181, P. 109066 - 109066

Published: Aug. 24, 2024

Language: Английский

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CryoSCAPE: Scalable immune profiling using cryopreserved whole blood for multi-omic single cell and functional assays

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

The field of single cell technologies has rapidly advanced our comprehension the human immune system, offering unprecedented insights into cellular heterogeneity and function. While cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMC) samples enable deep characterization cells, challenges in clinical isolation preservation limit their application underserved communities with limited access to research facilities. We present CryoSCAPE (Cryopreservation for Scalable Cellular And Proteomic Exploration), a scalable method studies PBMC multi-omic assays using direct cryopreservation whole blood. Comparative analyses matched from density gradient demonstrate efficacy this methodology capturing proportions molecular features. was then optimized verified high sample throughput fixed RNA sequencing liquid handling automation batch 60 samples. Additionally, demonstrated be compatible functional assays, enabling research. method, scalability cost-effectiveness, allows high-throughput while minimizing challenges. Utilization clinic potential democratize single-cell enhance understanding function across diverse populations.

Language: Английский

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