Artificial Cells Nanomedicine and Biotechnology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
53(1), P. 1 - 16
Published: March 10, 2025
Tendon
injuries
significantly
impact
quality
of
life,
prompting
the
exploration
innovative
solutions
beyond
conventional
surgery.
Extracellular
Vesicles
(EVs)
have
emerged
as
a
promising
strategy
to
enhance
tendon
regeneration.
In
this
study,
human
Stem/Progenitor
Cells
(TSPCs)
were
isolated
from
surgical
biopsies
and
cultured
in
Growth-Differentiation
Factor-5-supplemented
medium
promote
tenogenic
differentiation
under
static
dynamic
conditions
using
custom-made
perfusion
bioreactor.
Once
at
80%
confluence,
cells
transitioned
serum-free
for
conditioned
media
collection.
Ultracentrifugation
revealed
presence
vesicles
with
106
particles/mL
concentration
sub-200nm
diameter
size.
Dynamic
culture
yielded
3-fold
increase
EV
protein
content
compared
culture,
confirmed
by
Western-blot
analysis.
Differences
surface
marker
expression
also
shown
flow
cytometric
Data
suggest
that
we
efficiently
developed
protocol
extracting
EVs
TSPCs,
particularly
conditions.
This
approach
enhances
content,
offering
potential
therapeutic
benefits
However,
further
research
is
needed
fully
understand
role
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: March 8, 2023
The
conventional
therapeutic
approaches
to
treat
autoimmune
diseases
through
suppressing
the
immune
system,
such
as
steroidal
and
non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory
drugs,
are
not
adequately
practical.
Moreover,
these
regimens
associated
with
considerable
complications.
Designing
tolerogenic
strategies
based
on
stem
cells,
their
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
seems
open
a
promising
path
managing
diseases’
vast
burden.
Mesenchymal
stem/stromal
cells
(MSCs),
dendritic
regulatory
T
(Tregs)
main
cell
types
applied
restore
status;
MSCs
play
more
beneficial
role
due
amenable
properties
extensive
cross-talks
different
cells.
With
existing
concerns
about
employment
of
new
cell-free
paradigms,
EV-based
therapies,
gaining
attention
in
this
field.
Additionally,
EVs’
unique
have
made
them
be
known
smart
immunomodulators
considered
potential
substitute
for
therapy.
This
review
provides
an
overview
advantages
disadvantages
cell-based
methods
treating
diseases.
study
also
presents
outlook
future
EVs
implemented
clinics
patients.
Artificial Cells Nanomedicine and Biotechnology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
53(1), P. 1 - 16
Published: March 10, 2025
Tendon
injuries
significantly
impact
quality
of
life,
prompting
the
exploration
innovative
solutions
beyond
conventional
surgery.
Extracellular
Vesicles
(EVs)
have
emerged
as
a
promising
strategy
to
enhance
tendon
regeneration.
In
this
study,
human
Stem/Progenitor
Cells
(TSPCs)
were
isolated
from
surgical
biopsies
and
cultured
in
Growth-Differentiation
Factor-5-supplemented
medium
promote
tenogenic
differentiation
under
static
dynamic
conditions
using
custom-made
perfusion
bioreactor.
Once
at
80%
confluence,
cells
transitioned
serum-free
for
conditioned
media
collection.
Ultracentrifugation
revealed
presence
vesicles
with
106
particles/mL
concentration
sub-200nm
diameter
size.
Dynamic
culture
yielded
3-fold
increase
EV
protein
content
compared
culture,
confirmed
by
Western-blot
analysis.
Differences
surface
marker
expression
also
shown
flow
cytometric
Data
suggest
that
we
efficiently
developed
protocol
extracting
EVs
TSPCs,
particularly
conditions.
This
approach
enhances
content,
offering
potential
therapeutic
benefits
However,
further
research
is
needed
fully
understand
role
