The Unique Capability of Endolysin to Tackle Antibiotic Resistance: Cracking the Barrier

Journal of Xenobiotics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 19 - 19

Published: Jan. 25, 2025

The lack of new antibacterial medicines and the rapid rise in bacterial resistance to antibiotics pose a major threat individuals healthcare systems. Despite availability various antibiotics, has emerged for almost every antibiotic discovered date. increasing prevalence multidrug-resistant strains rendered some infections nearly untreatable, posing severe challenges health care. Thus, development alternatives conventional is critical treatment both humans food-producing animals. Endolysins, which are peptidoglycan hydrolases encoded by bacteriophages, represent promising class antimicrobials. Preliminary research suggests that endolysins more effective against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative when administered exogenously, although they can still damage cell wall bacteria. Numerous have modular domain structure divides their binding catalytic activity into distinct subunits, helps maximize bioengineering potential drug development. Endolysins endolysin-derived antimicrobials offer several advantages as substitutes. They unique mechanism action efficacy persisters (without requiring an active host metabolism); subsequently, target (including antibiotic-resistant strains), mycobacteria. Furthermore, there been limited evidence endolysin being resistant. Because these enzymes highly conserved links, may develop slowly compared traditional antibiotics. This review provides overview insight applications novel

Language: Английский

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Selection for Improved Water Efficiency in Broiler Breeder Lines Does Not Negatively Impact Immune Response Capabilities to Gram− and Gram+ Bacterial Components and a Killed-Salmonella Enteritidis Vaccine

Veterinary Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 279 - 279

Published: March 16, 2025

Selection for water consumption could impact broiler breeders’ immune capabilities. To assess these impacts of selection based on the conversion ratio (WCR), three trials were conducted using breeders from modern random bred (MRB), low (L)WCR, and high (H)WCR lines. Ten- to 11-week-old male broilers received intradermal (i.d.) growing feather (GF)-pulp injections LPS (Trial 1) or PGN 2), local (GF-pulp) systemic (blood) inflammatory responses over 24 h 72 p.i., respectively. Measurements included leukocyte profiles in GF-pulps blood, GF cytokine mRNA expression reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, plasma concentrations α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP-1). In Trial 3, 14-week-old pullets immunized by i.d. GF-pulp injection SEV (108 CFU/mL). Leukocyte blood measured levels SEV-specific IgM, IgY(G), IgA antibodies 4 weeks p.i. Independent line, phagocytes infiltrated 6 post-LPS (p ≤ 0.05), while lymphocytes major recruited response 0.05). However, with both PGN, HWCR less effective recruiting than MRB LWCR broilers, which had similar lymphocyte infiltration levels. There no line differences ROS nor AGP-1 concentrations, following injections. immunization stimulated phagocyte recruitment profiles; however, lines a higher (esp. B cells) triggered robust, high-quality, primary SE-specific antibody Collectively, improved efficiency breeder did not negatively capabilities LPS, killed SEV.

Language: Английский

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Occurrence and characterization of Salmonella isolates from commercial eggs in Phayao Province, Thailand

Veterinary World, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 705 - 714

Published: March 1, 2025

Background and Aim: Salmonella contamination in eggs poses a significant public health risk, particularly alternative egg production systems where antimicrobial resistance remain underexplored. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of three different Phayao, Thailand, analyze serovar diversity, resistance, virulence genes, genetic profiles. Materials Methods: A total 750 were sampled from cage, free-range, organic systems, purchased supermarkets Phayao Province. Eggshells contents separately analyzed using conventional microbiological methods isolate Salmonella. Phenotypic identification, serotyping, susceptibility testing performed. Genotypic characterization, including gene detection, was conducted polymerase chain reaction. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) employed diversity. Results: detected eggshell samples (0.4%), with one positive sample each system. The identified serovars Mbandaka (cage eggs), Corvallis (free-range Cerro (organic eggs). Antimicrobial observed only isolate, S. Mbandaka, which exhibited sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim carried sul1 sul2 genes. All isolates harbored genes (invA, sopB, stn). MLST analysis distinct types (ST413, ST1541, ST1593) corresponding serovars. Conclusion: demonstrates low eggshells across no contents. presence suggests varying sources. Although minimal, all highlights potential risk infection. Continuous monitoring improved biosecurity measures distribution are recommended enhance food safety health. Keywords: eggs, safety, multilocus typing, Salmonella,

Language: Английский

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Public Health Risk of Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Slaughterhouse and Retail Poultry Meat: Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 316 - 316

Published: March 26, 2025

Campylobacter spp. represents one of the most frequently incriminated pathogens in evolution foodborne gastroenteritis humans worldwide. Alongside Salmonella spp., Yersinia Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes, these represent a principal threat to public health because they are vehiculated via food products many them have developed alarming resistance different classes antimicrobials. Thus, present study aimed provide scientifically relevant data on risk represented by contamination chicken carcasses at slaughterhouse retail levels, antimicrobial isolated strains. A total 130 samples collected from slaughterhouses (n = 40) stores 90) were analyzed using standardized microbiological methods (ISO 10272-1:2017). Of these, overall prevalence was 27.7%, with level 32.5% 25.5%. Following profile determinations Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion assay, strains showed following antimicrobials descending order: ciprofloxacin (41.6%), tetracycline (25.0%), chloramphenicol (16.6%), gentamicin (11.1%), ertapenem (5.6%), erythromycin (2.8%). The results confirm that meat may pose and, moreover, due widespread use antimicrobials, large number resistance, leading difficulties treatment various diseases.

Language: Английский

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Genomic features, antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity assessment of Escherichia coli serotype O177:H51 strain JS01 isolated from a diseased chicken

BMC Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: April 4, 2025

Language: Английский

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Static and Dynamic Assessments of a Sulfur-Triglyceride Composite for Antimicrobial Surface Applications

Molecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(7), P. 1614 - 1614

Published: April 4, 2025

Over 80 MT of elemental sulfur, a byproduct fossil fuel desulfurization, are generated annually. This has spurred the development high sulfur content materials (HSMs) via inverse vulcanization as productive pathway towards utilization. In this study, we evaluate antimicrobial performance SunBG90, an HSM made from brown grease and tiles or infused into fabric squares. The static activity SunBG90 was assessed, revealing excellent efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria, with reductions 96.84% for Staphylococcus aureus 91.52% Listeria monocytogenes. also exhibited strong antifungal activity, reducing Candida auris by 96.20% mold (fumigatus) 83.77%. contrast, Gram-negative bacteria more variable, moderate Escherichia coli (61.10%) Salmonella enteritidis (62.15%), lower Campylobacter jejuni typhi, no effect on Clostridium perfringens. Under dynamic conditions, SunBG90-infused fabrics achieved near-complete inhibition L. monocytogenes (99.91%) reduction E. (98.49%), along 96.24% auris. These results highlight potential limitations applications, emphasizing need further optimization to achieve consistent broad-spectrum activity.

Language: Английский

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A qualitative analysis of the unwritten rules influencing antibiotic prescribing practices among French poultry veterinarians

JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(2)

Published: March 5, 2024

Abstract Background It is now recognized that a better understanding of prescriber behaviour needed to improve antimicrobial stewardship programmes. Most studies conducted in the livestock sector have focused on farmers’ perspectives, while prescribing habits veterinarians remained overlooked. Objective Our study explored psychosocial determinants associated with antibiotic practices French poultry by analysing informal norms and unwritten rules influence veterinarians’ decisions. Methods A qualitative was four regions February 2021. Using biographical narrative interpretive method, semi-structured interviews were 16 varying professional experience. Three main themes retained for data analysis: (i) compliance deviations from recommendations, (ii) fellow decisions (iii) key role veterinary corporate groups. Results When antibiotics, junior strongly influenced senior who acted as models driving clinical practices. Prescribing shared through peer networks which participated throughout their careers. Finally, groups helped shape promoting existing guidelines even producing in-house recommendations. Conclusions We show that, parallel official guidelines, circulate among are circles. Therefore, interventions should focus not only communication channels, but also organizations influencing

Language: Английский

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Broad host range phages target global Clostridium perfringens bacterial strains and clear infection in five-strain model systems

Microbiology Spectrum, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(5)

Published: March 21, 2024

ABSTRACT Clostridium perfringens is a prevalent bacterial pathogen in poultry, and due to the spread of antimicrobial resistance, alternative treatments are needed prevent treat infection. Bacteriophages (phages), viruses that kill bacteria, offer viable option can be used therapeutically C. infections. The aim this study was isolate phages against strains currently circulating on farms across world establish their virulence development potential using host range screening, assays, larva infection studies. We isolated 32 which 19 lysed 80%–92% our global poultry strain collection ( n = 97). these individual different phage combinations quantified liquid culture at multiple doses. then developed multi-strain model, mimic an effective model by industry. tested efficacy 16/32 cocktails model. From this, we identified cocktail consisting CPLM2, CPLM15, CPLS41 most reducing colonization infected larvae when administered before challenge. These data suggest do have significant poultry. IMPORTANCE causes foodborne illness worldwide, 95% human infections linked consumption contaminated meat, including chicken products. In necrotic enteritis, associated mortality rates up 50%. However, treating difficult as bacterium becoming antibiotic-resistant. Furthermore, industry striving toward reduced antibiotic usage. (phages) promising alternative, progress approach, robust suitable laboratory models required. study, targeting found many lyse from chickens worldwide. Consistent with other published studies, systems assayed here, some were combined cocktails, cleared effectively compared use.

Language: Английский

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Occurrence, antibiotic resistance profiles and associated risk factors of Klebsiella pneumoniae in poultry farms in selected districts of Somalia Reginal State, Ethiopia

BMC Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: April 24, 2024

Abstract Background Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic infection that causes production losses and death in the chicken industry. A cross-sectional study was conducted on exotic breeds reared at Jigjiga poultry farm from November 2022 to May 2023 estimate occurrence, associated risk factors, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of . The chickens were selected using systematic random sampling techniques. total 384 cloacal swabs collected aseptically transported laboratory for analysis. For statistical analysis, STATA® version 14.0 software used. Results From examined faecal samples, 258 (67.2%) prevalences found. Furthermore, association study’s factors with prevalence explored, no statistically significant identified between sex age. Nonetheless, relative age level higher aged 12 months (67.6%) Sasso (90.0%). Similarly, male those raised meat egg had a high rate 72.5 75.8%, respectively. 30 isolated colonies tested vitro antibiotic sensitivity six drugs, it shown moderately sensitive Penicillin G (43.3%) while having resistance Oxytetracycline (80.0%). Conclusions current findings revealed research area highest , isolates resistant commonly used drugs area. Thus, long-term intervention plan, thorough determine nationwide status, as well further multi-drug patterns molecular characterization, urged.

Language: Английский

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Drivers of antimicrobial resistance in layer poultry farming: Evidence from high prevalence of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and enterococci in Zambia

Veterinary World, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1803 - 1814

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Inappropriate use of antimicrobials exacerbates antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the poultry sector. Information on factors driving AMR layer sector is scarce Zambia. This study examined drivers Lusaka and Copperbelt Provinces Zambia.This cross-sectional employed a structured questionnaire 77 farms provinces Copperbelt, Zambia, from September 2020 to April 2021. Data analysis was conducted using Stata version 16.1. Antimicrobial defined as presence multidrug (MDR) isolates. Multivariable regression used identify AMR.In total, 365 samples were collected, which 339 (92.9%) Escherichia coli 308 (84.4%) Enterococcus spp. isolated. Multidrug identified 39% E. 86% The overall prevalence 51.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 40.3%-63.5%). Large-scale farmers (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.04%-0.99%) than small-scale who aware those unaware (AOR 0.26, 0.08%-0.86%) less likely experience problems.This found high farming linked type farm management practices lack awareness. Evidence MDR our public health concern requires urgent attention. Educational interventions must increase awareness, especially among small- medium-scale farmers.

Language: Английский

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