Unveiling the Kadaknath Gut Microbiome: Early Growth Phase Spatiotemporal Diversity

Microbiology Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 54 - 54

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

The early growth phase is a critical period for the development of chicken gut microbiome. In this study, spatiotemporal diversity gastrointestinal microbiota, shifts in taxonomic composition, and relative abundances main bacterial taxa were characterized Kadaknath, high-value indigenous Indian breed, using sequencing V3–V4 region 16S rRNA gene. To assess microbiome composition abundance shifts, three chickens per (3, 28, 35 days) sampled, with microbiota analyzed from regions (crop, small intestine, ceca) bird. results revealed Firmicutes as most abundant phylum Lactobacillus dominant genus across all stages. was particularly crop at stages (3 28 days), while ceca exhibited transition towards dominance Phocaeicola by day 35. Microbial richness evenness increased age, reflecting maturation, analyses microbial community distinct differences, on showing highest differentiation. Pathogen analysis highlighted peak poultry-associated Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Clostridium paraputrificum 3-day-old underscoring vulnerability These findings provide insights into age-specific life-stage susceptibility to pathogens, emphasizing need targeted interventions optimize poultry health management performance.

Language: Английский

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Dose-dependent effects of dietary sunflower meal in diets supplemented with commercial enzymes on aged laying hens

Italian Journal of Animal Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1), P. 233 - 247

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

The present study investigated the impact of elevating proportion sunflower meal (SFM) in a diet comprising NSPase (Non-Starch Polysaccharide degrading enzyme) and 6–phytase on performance, egg quality, gut integrity, tibia traits, nutrient digestibility aged laying hens. A total 120 hens were allocated to five dietary treatments, eight replicates, three birds per replicate from 61 81 weeks age. treatments comprised levels SFM as 10% (control), 12%, 14%, 16%, 18% same commercial phytase. Treatments had no significant effect damaged dirty ratios, shell thickness, or internal quality. Crypt depth (CD) decreased fed diets containing 16% SFM. villus height:crypt ratio (VH:CD) goblet cells linearly increased response with Total number aerobic bacteria Lactobacillus along increasing administration different did not significantly coliform count. concentration caecal acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate SCFA, phosphorus (P), ileal P crude protein (CP) exhibited linear increase inclusion It can be concluded that supplemented by phytase enhance integrity improving jejunal histomorphometry, microbial population, SCFAs profile, CP without any detrimental effects performance

Language: Английский

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Impact of gut microbial diversity on egg production performance in chickens

Microbiology Spectrum, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

ABSTRACT Chickens are one of the most economically important poultry species, and their egg-laying performance is a crucial economic trait. The intestinal microbiome plays significant role in performance. To clarify diversity chicken microbiota its connection to performance, this study utilized 16S rRNA sequencing technology characterize microbiomes 101 chickens from 13 breeds with varying levels egg production. results reveal differences gut structure among groups production levels. High egg-producing showed significantly higher abundances Firmicutes , Proteobacteria Lactobacillus while low displayed greater microbial α-diversity more complex community structures. These influence key physiological functions, including nutrient absorption hormone regulation through metabolic pathways, directly affect medium partially overlapped on principal coordinates analysis plot, whereas high-production group was distinctly separate. This provides scientific basis data for selecting probiotics related high chickens. IMPORTANCE elucidates critical chickens, indicator industry. By employing sequencing, we uncovered distinct profiles associated exhibit abundance specific bacterial taxa, such as which linked enhanced efficiency. Conversely, lower display diversity, suggesting but less efficient ecosystem. Our findings provide valuable insights into relationship between production, offering foundation selection that could potentially improve research not only advances our understanding avian microbiology also has practical implications optimizing farming practices enhancing outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Effect of early gut microbiota intervention using pre-designed poultry microbiota substitute on broiler health and performance

Animal Production Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 65(4)

Published: March 3, 2025

Context The designer gut microbiota in broiler chickens is a novel concept involving post-hatch inoculation of chicks with beneficial or commensal non-pathogenic bacteria as an inoculum. This process aims to control colonisation by administering desirable prevent access harmful and pathogenic via competitive exclusion. Aims study aimed assess the impact one such intervention on microbiota, microbial diversity growth performance. Methods involved spraying newly hatched commercially available mix bacterial species isolated from chicken intestine. Key results Bodyweight gain was significantly higher treated group, performance measures showed improvement. Beta analysis significant difference between treatment groups. Conclusions demonstrated effects potential benefits early influence composition improve uniformity across flock enhance health Implications has highlighted complexity dynamics need for further research fully understand implications poultry production.

Language: Английский

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Interleukin 10 controls the balance between tolerance, pathogen elimination and immunopathology in birds

Published: May 7, 2025

Effective mucosal immunity in the intestine involves a fine balance between tolerance of microbiome, recognition and elimination pathogens, inflammatory tissue injury. The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 regulates these processes intestines mice humans; activity is also conserved birds. To determine function avian immunity, we generated germ line modifications chicken locus to abolish or reduce expression. In vitro analysis macrophage response lipopolysaccharide confirmed loss protein expression, lack dosage compensation heterozygotes, prevention autocrine inhibition nitric oxide production homozygous knockout macrophages. IL10-deficiency significantly altered composition caecal but unlike IL10-deficient humans, chickens did not exhibit spontaneous colitis. Following experimental challenge with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Campylobacter jejuni chickens, enhanced clearance pathogens was associated elevated transcription pro-inflammatory genes increased infiltration cells into gut mucosa. challenged parasite Eimeria tenella, pathogen accelerated lesions were more severe weight gain compromised. Neither heterozygous nor enhancer mutation had major effect on inflammation any models. Our findings highlight intrinsic compromise immune have important implications for development strategies combat zoonotic poultry.

Language: Английский

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Interleukin 10 controls the balance between tolerance, pathogen elimination and immunopathology in birds

Published: May 7, 2025

Effective mucosal immunity in the intestine involves a fine balance between tolerance of microbiome, recognition and elimination pathogens, inflammatory tissue injury. The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 regulates these processes intestines mice humans; activity is also conserved birds. To determine function avian immunity, we generated germ line modifications chicken locus to abolish or reduce expression. In vitro analysis macrophage response lipopolysaccharide confirmed loss protein expression, lack dosage compensation heterozygotes, prevention autocrine inhibition nitric oxide production homozygous knockout macrophages. IL10-deficiency significantly altered composition caecal but unlike IL10-deficient humans, chickens did not exhibit spontaneous colitis. Following experimental challenge with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Campylobacter jejuni chickens, enhanced clearance pathogens was associated elevated transcription pro-inflammatory genes increased infiltration cells into gut mucosa. challenged parasite Eimeria tenella, pathogen accelerated lesions were more severe weight gain compromised. Neither heterozygous nor enhancer mutation had major effect on inflammation any models. Our findings highlight intrinsic compromise immune have important implications for development strategies combat zoonotic poultry.

Language: Английский

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Uncovering new Firmicutes species in vertebrate hosts through metagenome-assembled genomes with potential for sporulation

Microbiology Spectrum, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(11)

Published: Sept. 16, 2024

ABSTRACT Metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) have contributed to identifying non-culturable microorganisms and understanding their ecological functions. MAGs offer an advantage in investigating sporulation-associated genes, especially given the difficulty of isolating many species residing gut microbiota multiple hosts. Bacterial sporulation is a key survival mechanism with implications for pathogenicity biotechnology. Here, we investigate from vertebrate hosts, emphasizing taxonomic identification genes potential novel within Firmicutes phylum. We identified new classes Clostridia ( Borkfalkiaceae , Lachnospiraceae Monoglobaceae Oscillospiraceae families) Bacilli Bacillaceae Erysipelotrichaceae through phylogenetic functional pathway analyses, highlighting potential. Our study covers 146 MAGs, 124 them without refined assignments at family level. found that unique gene profiles cattle, swine, poultry, human The presence related Spo0A regulon, engulfment, spore cortex underscores fundamental mechanisms processes currently uncharacterized metagenomic dark matter. Furthermore, genomic analyses predict based on presence, genome size, metabolic pathways involved formation. emphasize covering families not yet characterized analysis, extensive spore-forming bacteria UBA4882, UBA994 classes. These findings contribute exploring bacteria, which provides evidence diversity adaptive strategies, applications biotechnology host health. IMPORTANCE Spores are essential bacterial harsh environments, facilitating persistence adaptation. Exploring metagenome-assembled different hosts contributes clinical biotechnological domains. investigated extent associated humans, revealing these uncultivated bacteria. capabilities analyses. Notably, belonging unknown classes, namely UBA4882 UBA994, remained level, raises hypothesis would also be present genomes. our microbial adaptation ecology, underlining importance across Further studies into capability can maintenance various organisms studies.

Language: Английский

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The Association between Broiler Litter Microbiota and the Supplementation of Bacillus Probiotics in a Leaky Gut Model

Animals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(12), P. 1758 - 1758

Published: June 11, 2024

Probiotics provided from hatch have a major influence on microbiota development, and together with environmental bedding microbiota, shape the microbial community of litter. We investigated probiotic supplementation leaky gut challenge induced using dexamethasone (DEX) litter parameters. The product was mix three Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains. were compared to communities other sections. samples had higher diversity caecum, gizzard, jejunum, jejunal mucosa. high similarity between phylum-level gizzard detected in our study could be consequence ingested feed passing through gizzard. Moreover, is fundamentally distinct intestinal as evidenced by number genera present but absent all sections vice versa. Furthermore, LEfSe analysis identified taxa across different groups, specific associated treatments. In terms quality, birds DEX groups significantly moisture content, indicating successful challenge, while did not affect levels. These findings provide comprehensive insights into characteristics

Language: Английский

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Intestinimonas butyriciproducens affects Eimeria tenella development and infection via regulating EtGFAT gene expression

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 2, 2024

Abstract Chicken coccidiosis, caused by Eimeria , is a prevalent problem worldwide and results in significant economic losses to the poultry industry. The chicken cecum harbors diverse complex microbiota, with E. tenella exclusively parasitizing thus engaging interactions cecal microbiota. In investigation, an antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion model was used study relationship between microbial community for first time. It revealed that absence of can disrupt macrogametes development. Furthermore, critical role integrity development confirmed through fecal transplantation experiments. Notably, identified genus Intestinimonas within as primary factor influencing Specifically, it discovered significantly affects EtGFAT gene expression. addition, butyriciproducens resulted reduction clinical symptoms associated infection. promoted secretion high levels IFN-γ from CD8 + T cells, which turn exerts resistance . These findings offer valuable insights developing innovative anti-coccidia agents.

Language: Английский

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A Comparison of the Cecal Microbiota between the Infection and Recovery Periods in Chickens with Different Susceptibilities to Eimeria tenella

Animals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(18), P. 2709 - 2709

Published: Sept. 18, 2024

To investigate the effect of Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) infection on cecal microbiota, resistant and susceptible families were screened out based coccidiosis resistance evaluation indexes after E. infection. Subsequently, a comparative analysis microorganisms among control, resistant, groups as well between different periods following challenge was conducted using metagenomic sequencing technology. The results showed that abundance opportunistic pathogens, such Pantoea, Sporomusa, Pasteurella in group Helicobacter Sutterella group, significantly higher day 27 post-inoculation (PI) (the recovery period) than 5 PI period). Additionally, Alistipes, Butyricicoccus, Eubacterium Coprococcus, Roseburia, Lactobacillus significant upward trend during period compared with period. On PI, Faecalibacterium decreased both when control greater while Alistipes had relatively other groups. A total 49 biomarker taxa identified linear discriminant (LDA) size (LEfSe) method. Of these, relative aviarius, salivarius, Ruminococcus gauvreauii increased Bacteroides_sp__AGMB03916, Fusobacterium_mortiferum, Alistipes_sp__An31A, Alistipes_sp__Marseille_P5061 enriched group. LDA scores 43 biomarkers, which Elusimicrobium_sp__An273 Desulfovibrio_sp__An276 Bacteroides_sp__43_108, Chlamydiia, Chlamydiales, Sutterella_sp__AM11 39 augmented Our indicated affects structure microbiota periods. These findings will enhance understanding effects changes chickens coccidia provide reference for further research mechanisms underlying how intestinal influence growth health chickens.

Language: Английский

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