Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their potential therapeutic role in protozoan infections DOI Creative Commons
Sajid Ur Rahman, Tzu-Nin Weng, Abdul Qadeer

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 3, 2024

Protozoa exert a serious global threat of growing concern to human, and animal, there is need for the advancement novel therapeutic strategies effectively treat or mitigate impact associated diseases. Omega polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-PUFAs), including Omega-3 (ω-3) omega-6 (ω-6), are constituents derived from various natural sources, have gained significant attention their role in parasitic infections variety essential structural regulatory functions animals humans. Both ω-3 ω-6 decrease growth survival rate parasites through metabolized anti-inflammatory mediators, such as lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, both vivo vitro protective effects against protozoan infections. The ω-PUFAs been shown modulate host immune response by commonly known mechanism (inhibition arachidonic acid (AA) metabolic process, production modification intracellular lipids, activation nuclear receptor), promotion shift towards more effective defense invaders regulation inflammation like prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxane, involved controlling inflammatory reaction. modulation may involve reducing inflammation, enhancing phagocytosis, suppressing virulence factors. unique properties could prevent infections, representing an important area study. This review explores clinical some elucidating possible mechanisms action supportive therapy preventing humans animals, toxoplasmosis, malaria, coccidiosis, chagas disease. show promise approach due direct anti-parasitic ability response. Additionally, we discuss current treatment options suggest perspectives future studies. potentially provide alternative supplementary option these complex health problems.

Language: Английский

Macronutrient balance determines the human gut microbiome eubiosis: insights from in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and fermentation of eight pulse species DOI Creative Commons
Da Bin Lee, In‐Chang Hwang

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

The interactions between macronutrients, the human gut microbiome, and their metabolites (short-chain fatty acids) were comprehensively investigated via an in vitro digestion fermentation model subjected to eight pulse species. 16S rRNA sequencing taxonomic analysis of digesta fermented for up 24 h revealed increase relative abundance health-detrimental genera represented by Escherichia-Shigella kidney bean, soybean, cowpea, chickpea, black bean samples. In contrast, health-positive genera, including Bacteroides , Eubacterium Akkermansia was elevated red mung Heunguseul. At same time, proportion pathogenic decreased. Concurrently, these three species exhibited microbial diversity as evidenced calculation α -diversity (Shannon index) β (Bray-Curtis distance). Despite lower nutrient contents pulses, carbohydrates, amino acids, network that possess complex positive or negative correlations with a variety bacteria, well metabolites. These more pronounced Heunguseul than other pulses. It postulated overall potential nourish environments due balance nutritional components. linear regression demonstrated there association carbohydrate acid Shannon indices. Furthermore, ratio carbohydrates acids displayed increase. showed weak correlation. is noteworthy diet comprising foods balanced profile supports growth beneficial microbes, thereby promoting eubiosis. Consistent work on different ingredients essential precise insight into interplay food microbiome dietary patterns.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
High-Resolution LC-MS Simultaneous Quantification of Forty-Six Compounds from Jatropha podagrica Fruit Recommends Four Top Antioxidant Contributors as Q-Markers DOI Creative Commons

Rongxin Cai,

Xican Li, Hongxia Liang

et al.

Molecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(3), P. 722 - 722

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

There has been no chemical analysis of the fruit medicinal plant Jatropha podagrica until now. The current study aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze J. using a high-resolution LC-MS strategy, i.e., library-comparison ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Quadrupole-Orbitrap-tandem mass spectrometry. strategy putatively identified 46 compounds from fresh fruit. During putative identification, 10 isomers (e.g., (vitexin vs. isovitexin) were completely distinguished each other. Thereafter, all simultaneously quantified authentic standard comparison method. Finally, they also subjected 2,2′-azino bis (3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid radical (ABTS+•)-scavenging assay characterize their relative antioxidant capacities. Their capacities thus multiplied by contents calculate contribution values, respectively. Corilagin, gallic acid, ellagic phillygenin exhibited highest percentages thereby suggested as four top contributors. are recommended build up quality-markers (Q-markers) system fruits. All these findings can help develop fruits potential resource natural medicine.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Intestinal microbiota imbalance resulted by anti-Toxoplasma gondii immune responses aggravate gut and brain injury DOI Creative Commons

Jiating Chen,

Chi Zhang, Zihan Yang

et al.

Parasites & Vectors, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: July 2, 2024

Abstract Background Toxoplasma gondii infection affects a significant portion of the global population, leading to severe toxoplasmosis and, in immunocompromised patients, even death. During T. infection, disruption gut microbiota further exacerbates damage intestinal and brain barriers. Therefore, identifying imbalanced probiotics during restoring their equilibrium can regulate balance metabolites, thereby alleviating tissue damage. Methods Vimentin gene knockout ( vim−/− ) mice were employed as an model evaluate influence host immune responses on infection. Behavioral experiments performed assess changes cognitive levels depressive tendencies between chronically infected wild-type (WT) mice. Fecal samples subjected 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing, serum metabolites analyzed identify potential for treatment Results Compared immunocompetent WT sv129 mice, exhibited lower neuronal apoptosis fewer neurobehavioral abnormalities chronic rRNA sequencing revealed decrease abundance probiotics, including several species Lactobacillus , Restoring this through administration murinus gasseri significantly suppressed burden intestine, liver, brain. Moreover, transplantation these two spp. improved barrier alleviated inflammation central nervous system. Metabolite detection studies that various -related indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) serum, decreased after We confirmed L. secreted much more ILA than . Notably, activate aromatic hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway epithelial cells, promoting activation CD8 + T cells secretion interferon-gamma. Conclusion Our study against severely disrupted microbiota, resulting play crucial role regulation, metabolite is promising therapeutic compound efficient safe Graphical

Language: Английский

Citations

4
A Metagenomic Survey of Virological Hazards in Market-Ready Oysters DOI Creative Commons
René A. M. Dirks,

Nils P. Sosef,

Johanna T. M. Zwartkruis-Nahuis

et al.

Food and Environmental Virology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Abstract Viral contamination of bivalve molluscs, such as oysters, is a well-recognized food safety risk. The aim this study was to assess virological hazards in market-ready oysters on the Dutch market. Non-targeted metagenome analysis first performed norovirus spiked-in samples showing linear and sensitive detection GI.2 GII.4 down 14 5 genome copies per reaction, respectively. Subsequently, metagenomic measurements were detect vertebrate viral genomes present 24 undepurated B-area 144 oyster taken November up including February years 2015–2021. Genome sequences from fifteen species identified which are associated with infections humans detected above genomic coverage threshold (5%) applied. Among these, two genera Caliciviridae family, sapovirus at high prevalence (44 30%). Additionally, adeno-associated dependoparvovirus A B well Aichi virus (ribo)nucleic acids (42, 33, 6, 11%). Nucleic included potentially hazardous Picobirnavirus, Anellovirus, multiple Circoviridae Genomoviridae species. By integrating into monitoring process, researchers, producers regulatory bodies can gain valuable insights communities chain. This allows for potential pathogenic an early stage, providing opportunity tailored programs targeted interventions maintain sanitary quality production area safeguard public health.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Cellular Senescence Contributes to Colonic Barrier Integrity Impairment Induced by Toxoplasma gondii Infection DOI Creative Commons

Yingting Huang,

Yumeng Zhou,

Zhicheng He

et al.

Inflammation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 18, 2025

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) induces gut barrier integrity impairment, which is crucial to the establishment of long-term infection in hosts. Cellular senescence an imperative event that drives disease progression. Several studies have indicated T. oxidative stress and cell cycle blockade tissues hosts, suggesting cellular induced by parasite. Here, we explored whether involved gondii-mediated colonic damage mice. C57BL/6J mice were infected with 10 cysts gondii. Senolytic therapy (dasatinib quercetin, DQ, a combination for reducing senescent cells) was given oral gavage 4 weeks post-infection. Alcian blue staining, immunofluorescence, western blot, quantitative PCR (qPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) employed evaluate thickness mucus layer, expression profiles genes proteins related tight junction function tissues, levels serum lipopolysaccharides (LPS), respectively. gondii-infected exhibited deteriorated secreted mucus, shortened length, decreased zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) occludin colon, accompanied elevated LPS. Moreover, upregulated senescence-related markers (p16INK4A, p21CIP1) while inhibiting Lamin B1 expression. In addition, senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs), including IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, MMP9 CXCL10, Notably, DQ administration, significantly ameliorated pathological alterations infection. This study uncovers first time contributes chronic Importantly, provide evidence senolytic exerts therapeutic effect on intestinal lesions.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Metagenomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal the Role of a Bacteriocin-Producing Strain of Enterococcus faecalis DH9003 in Regulating Gut Microbiota in Mice DOI Creative Commons

Zhiyu Fu,

Haitao Zhang,

Zhenzhu Yang

et al.

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 372 - 372

Published: Feb. 8, 2025

To investigate the regulatory effect of a bacteriocin-producing strain Enterococcus faecalis DH9003 on gut microbiota mice, 15 healthy C57 male mice were randomly administered an equal volume sterile normal saline (HD, control group, n = 7) and E. (YD, treatment 8) via gavage. Metagenomic metabolomic analyses performed to determine composition metabolic function intestinal in mice. The results showed that relative abundance Firmicutes continuously increased over time YD compared HD. number slowly remained steady from days 7 28, indicating could colonize considerable mouse guts intragastric administration. Supplementation with demonstrated causing shift Bacteroidetes at phylum level. In addition, total 2426 different metabolites found feces, including 1286 1140 positive negative modes, respectively. Vitamin B6 succinate most regulated downregulated ion mode, upregulated mode N-methyl-glutamic acid N-octanoyl sphingosine. conclusion, can gut, affecting competence. This therefore offers potential for application as probiotic.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The Therapeutic Potential of Gut-Microbiota-Derived Metabolite 4-Phenylbutyric Acid in Escherichia coli-Induced Colitis DOI Open Access
Kui Wang,

Yuan Hu,

Yu Wu

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(5), P. 1974 - 1974

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a widely distributed pathogen that can cause varying degrees of zoonotic diseases, and infected animals often experience intestinal inflammation accompanied by diarrhea dysbiosis. Previously, for the first time, we isolated primarily type B2 from large-scale dairy farm in Yunnan, China. The 16s rRNA sequencing showed significant differences gut microbiota calves with E. coli, higher abundance harmful bacteria lower beneficial compared healthy calves. metabolomics indicated concentrations oxoadipic acid, 16-oxopalmitate, oerillyl alcohol, palmitoleic 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) were significantly group than group. mouse model was established to assess regulatory effect 4-PBA on coli-induced colitis. Both oral administration fecal transplantation (FMT) had strong resistance infection, improved survival rate body weight, reduced tissue damage, decreased levels pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), restrained TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Our study demonstrated could relieve colitis improving structure inhibiting expression through present finding reveals therapeutic potential gut-microbiota-derived metabolite treatment caused coli.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Spatiotemporal Diffusion, Colonization, and Antibody Responses in Susceptible C57BL/6J Mice Orally Infected with Toxoplasma gondii Cysts DOI Creative Commons
Zhao Li, Qi-Shuai Liu, Junjie Hu

et al.

Veterinary Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 212 - 212

Published: March 1, 2025

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan that infects humans and other mammals. The C57BL/6J mouse strain regarded as ideal model organism for studying T. due to its susceptibility infection advantages over laboratory animals. However, systematic studies on the response dynamics of susceptible mice after oral with cysts are lacking. To address this research gap, we investigated spatiotemporal infection, colonization, antibody fluctuations in orally infected Type II ME49 cysts. Mice were challenged examine dynamics. Daily monitoring was conducted 60 days post-infection (dpi) assess animals’ clinical signs survival rates. parasite burden various organs quantified using qPCR targeting B1 gene. serum responses evaluated ELISA. cyst brain assessed via histology immunofluorescence. induced symptoms mice, including fever weight loss. rapidly invaded mice’s small intestine, spleen, lungs, liver, heart bloodstream within 1–5 dpi. had breached blood–brain barrier colonized by 7 levels Toxoplasma-specific IgG antibodies increased stabilized two months (until experiment ended). Systemic dissemination occurred rapidly, infiltrating most tissues organs, leading pronounced enteritis multi-organ damage inflammation. tachyzoites differentiated into bradyzoites when progressed from acute chronic phase forming tissue muscles brain. As a result, predilection site brain, which where persisted host’s lifetime continuously meningitis. These findings provide valuable insights diffusion, sites, temporal dynamics, pathogen detection methodologies, histopathological changes following important elucidating gondii’s pathogenesis host–T. interaction.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Akkermansia muciniphila Alleviates Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced Periodontal Disease by Enhancing Bacterial Clearance DOI Creative Commons
Qin Hu, WK Leung, Aneesha Acharya

et al.

Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 29, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Young fecal microbiota transplantation improves working memory in aged recipient rats by increasing interleukin-4 and interleukin-17 levels DOI Creative Commons

Yiru Yin,

Mingzhu Guan, Shufen Wu

et al.

Neuroscience Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0