Advances of functional nucleic acids based on specific recognition:A review

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 140828 - 140828

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Surface Functionalization of Citrate-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles with Various Disease-Specific Nonthiolated Aptamers: RSM-Based Optimization for Multifactorial Disease Biomarker Detection

ACS Sensors, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

This study focuses on the surface functionalization of citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with disease-specific aptamers to enhance detection multifactorial disease (MD) biomarkers. MDs, characterized by complex pathophysiology involving multiple genetic and environmental factors, present significant diagnostic challenges. Aptamers, which are short, single-stranded oligonucleotides high specificity affinity for target molecules, have emerged as promising tools biomarker detection. By utilizing response methodology (RSM) face-centered central composite design (FCCCD), this research systematically optimized bioconjugation process AuNPs different aptamer sequences, focusing parameters such AuNP size concentration. The developed protocol in demonstrated that aptamer-functionalized can be yield, efficiency, stability, coverage, making them suitable applications, particularly surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). findings provide a foundation development customizable nanoprobes adapted various biomarkers associated potentially improving early diagnosis therapeutic outcomes.

Language: Английский

---

Aptamer based immunotherapy: a potential solid tumor therapeutic

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

Aptamer-based immunotherapy can be a new hope for treating solid tumors with personalized and specific approaches toward cancer therapies. Aptamers are small synthetic single-stranded nucleic acids that may bring in paradigm shift tumors. These highly selective drugs applied cellular immunotherapy, cytokine modulation, immune checkpoint suppression. This review provides an overview of the recent advances aptamer-based technologies key clinical trials involving AON-D21 AM003. potently active regulation tumor targeting. However, aptamer stability bioavailability seriously compromised by issues relating to renal clearance rapid degradation through nucleases. The latter reviewed here along novel improvements, some which involve chemical modifications greatly enhance prolong circulation time; exemplary such PEGylation, cholesterol conjugation, synthesis circular acids. regulatory aspect is also crucial. For example, addition strategies prevent drug-drug interactions (DDIs) remediation medications, this paper underscores need risk assessment, particularly because immunogenicity organ failure. use aptamers expanded development SOMAmers, X-aptamers, bioinformatics. To make major part treatment, future research should concentrate more on resolving existing expanding their beneficial uses.

Language: Английский

---

A high-sensitivity label-free electrochemical aptasensor for point-of-care measurements of low-density lipoprotein in plasma based on aptamer and MXene-CMCS-Hemin nanocomposites

Bioelectrochemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 108972 - 108972

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Aptamer-based microfluidics for the detection of cancer biomarkers

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 14, 2025

Language: Английский

---

HMOX1 as a Novel Biomarker for Glucose–Lipid Metabolism Disorder and T2DM: Systematic Bioinformatics Investigation and Experimental Verification

ACS Omega, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(16), P. 16123 - 16137

Published: April 16, 2025

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has led to a considerable increase in morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current treatments control blood glucose but cannot reverse the disease, making it important identify biomarkers that predict T2DM onset progression. This study explores heme oxygenase 1(HMOX1) as novel biomarker for through bioinformatics experimental validation. Core differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using Gene Expression Omnibus database, with Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes Genomes, Set Enrichment Analysis analyses revealing notable pathways, including Toll-like receptor signaling cytokine interactions. A Nomogram model receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrated strong diagnostic effectiveness these core DEGs. The CIBERSORT algorithm assessed relation between DEGs immune cell infiltration, showing substantial associations several types, particularly highlighting HMOX1's correlation eight cells (p < 0.05). In mouse model, db/db mice displayed typical diabetic characteristics lower serum HMOX1 levels compared db/m controls 0.01). Histological analysis confirmed liver damage decreased expression NFE2L2 tissues is promising T2DM, its downregulation methods.

Language: Английский

---

Aptamer and Oligonucleotide-Based Biosensors for Health Applications

Biosensors, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 277 - 277

Published: April 29, 2025

Aptamers have emerged as powerful molecular recognition elements for biosensing applications, offering high specificity, stability, and adaptability. This review explores key considerations in designing aptamer-based sensors (aptasensors), with a focus on biomarker selection, aptamer design, detection immobilization strategies. However, challenges such biofluid stability reversibility must be addressed to improve biosensor performance. In this study, the potential of platforms diagnostics is explored, emphasizing their advantages future applications. Looking ahead, advances multifunctional aptamers, integration nanomaterials, computational optimization are highlighted promising directions enhancing effectiveness biosensing.

Language: Английский

---

Unraveling the immune evasion mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: May 14, 2025

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly aggressive malignancy characterized by complex tumor microenvironment (TME) that plays pivotal role in initiation, progression, immune evasion. Recent advancements have highlighted the intricate interplay between infiltration patterns, checkpoint dysregulation, metabolic reprogramming driving HNSCC escape. Despite these insights, significant challenges remain, including incomplete understanding of specific evasion pathways lack personalized therapeutic strategies. To address gaps, this review introduces novel “Trinity” regulatory network HNSCC, encompassing: (1) reprogramming-mediated modulation, (2) stromal cell-driven dysfunction, (3) epigenetic remodeling fostering tolerance. This framework provides theoretical foundation for development multi-targeted combination therapies offers innovative strategies to overcome Additionally, systematically synthesizes current relationship escape, with focus on emerging immunotherapeutic approaches such as PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors CAR-T therapy. Leveraging cutting-edge single-cell sequencing spatial transcriptomics, we elucidate spatiotemporal heterogeneity landscape propose new paradigm “lineage plasticity-driven adaptation.” These insights not only advance our biology but also pave way precision immunotherapies aimed at improving patient survival quality life. By integrating multidisciplinary perspectives, work underscores importance targeting TME achieve durable clinical responses immunotherapy resistance HNSCC.

Language: Английский

---

Targeting HER2 with DNA Aptamers for Efficient Anticancer Drug Delivery: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study

Bioconjugate Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 22, 2025

Targeted delivery of cytostatic drugs is a powerful approach to achieving tumor tissue selectivity, reducing systemic toxicity, and ultimately improving the efficacy anticancer chemotherapy. Targeting can be achieved using wide range molecular ligands, with DNA aptamers being promising representative. In this work, we employed flow cytometry, AuNP-aptasensor, atomic-scale computer modeling assess affinity several (Anti-HER2, HB5, Apt-6, HeA2_1, HeA2_3) for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), which known one factors that promote breast cancer cells. Flow cytometry showed short (HeA2_1 had higher HER2 on MDAMB453 cells than longer (HB5, Apt-6). HER2-negative MDA-MB-231 served as negative control. The HeA2_3 aptamer has high average (HeA2_3:23.6, HeA2_1:13.1, Apt-6:3.6; HB5:3.5; Anti-HER2:3.2) nearly Gaussian distribution across cells, while HeA2_1 forms fraction relatively fluorescence signal intensity (HeA2_1:11.6; HeA2_3:5.9; Apt-6:3.4; HB5:3.1; Anti-HER2:2.1). Most findings also hold HER2-positive small extracellular vesicles studied AuNP-aptasensor. Computer simulations confirmed are characterized by stronger binding domain HER2. A detailed analysis free energy allowed us show first time tight correlates well-separated hot cold spots protein surface. For meet these criteria (HeA2_1, HeA2_3, Anti-HER2), favorable interactions driven local attraction nucleotides arginine lysine residues possibly stabilized intermolecular hydrogen bonds. (Apt-6 HB5), surface overlap much weaker binding. Overall, our cannot merely dissociation equilibrium constant. more sophisticated combines experimental computational methods unlock mechanisms behind aptamer-HER2 bindings. results study suggest become reliable accurate tool prescreening prior laboratory experiments.

Language: Английский

---

Human Sputum Proteomics: Advancing Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Respiratory Diseases with Enhanced Biomarker Analysis Methods

International Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(2), P. 309 - 333

Published: May 31, 2024

Many ailments can be diagnosed while they are asymptomatic, meaning that the patient has no signs or symptoms of a progressing disease. If caught in their initial stage formation, these disorders effectively treated, leading to successful outcomes; curative therapies halt illnesses from advancing, thus improving quality life and long-term survival patient. Still, cutting-edge upgrades precision technologies necessary for early, reliable, affordable, rapid disease detection, but also vital well-being people future global public health. The emerging role utility non-invasive repeatable diagnostic test approaches detection health conditions have been exemplified by liquid biopsies based on genomic biomarkers. As such, biological fluids permit any measurable molecular indicator signature (e.g., proteins) provide valuable information an individual’s wellness and/or Among bodily secretions used diagnostics is sputum, complex viscous gel-like biopolymeric network gained growing recognition as rich source biomarkers airway infections pulmonary diseases, serves determinant reveal other illnesses. per World Health Organization, burden respiratory exacerbated factors ranging considerable subjection air pollution occupational contaminants tobacco smoking second-hand smoke, addition poor socio-economic status. Due likely increase determinants, tract rise, affecting many individuals, putting stress healthcare facilities services worldwide. aim this study was perform narrative review sputum constituents with emphasis proteins glycoproteins assessed possible lung organ diseases. A search conducted using mucus, proteomics, biomarkers, point-of-care testing keywords employing Google, PubMed (MEDLINE), Web Science, selecting most referenced related papers last decade. We, therefore, highlight need use expectorated induced specimens routine sample protein diagnose chronic disorders, predict inflammation progression, well monitor effectiveness treatments. Further, we discuss urgent fast reliable methods detect quantify crucial specimens, limitations faced when dealing matrices.

Language: Английский

---