From Tissue to System: What Constitutes an Appropriate Response to Loading?

Sports Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 11, 2024

Language: Английский

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Review of Athletic Guidelines for High-Altitude Training and Acclimatization

High Altitude Medicine & Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 113 - 121

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Ramchandani, Rashi, Ioana Tereza Florica, Zier Zhou, Aziz Alemi, and Adrian Baranchuk. Review of athletic guidelines for high-altitude training acclimatization.

Language: Английский

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Personality of marathon runners: a narrative review of recent findings.

PubMed, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23, P. 441 - 474

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Participation in marathons has dramatically increased over the last few years. Marathon running many proven beneficial effects, especially on cardiovascular health and fitness. Most research focused physiologic pathophysiologic adaptations connection with endurance exercise. Nevertheless, marathon also a major impact psychological aspects positively influences mental health, which only recently attracted interest. The present narrative review aimed to personality traits of runners an emphasis recent literature. show distinct highly characteristic needed successfully finish such demanding race, i.e., strong sense vigor, self-sufficiency, intelligence as well low scores anger, fatigue, tension, depression. Furthermore, differences are detectable between different sexes, ages, performance level groups. This significant clinical implications for athletes, coaches competition organizers, these groups patterns traits. Future studies should focus changes cognition mood states pre-, during, post-endurance events, during training periods. Large-scale comparing by sex, age, important better guidance. See graphical abstract(Fig. 1).

Language: Английский

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Correlation properties of heart rate variability to assess the first ventilatory threshold and fatigue in runners

Journal of Sports Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 10

Published: Nov. 2, 2023

The short-term scaling exponent alpha1 of detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA-a1) heart rate variability (HRV) has shown potential to delineate the first ventilatory threshold (VT1). aims this study were investigate accuracy method for VT1 determination in runners using a consumer grade chest belt and explore effects acute fatigue.We compared oxygen uptake (V̇O2) (HR) at gas exchange V̇O2 HR DFA-a1 value 0.75. Gas HRV data obtained from 14 individuals during treadmill run involving two incremental ramps. Agreement was assessed Bland-Altman linear regression.Bland-Altman between ramp showed mean (95% limits agreement) bias -0.5 (-6.8 5.8) ml∙kg-1∙min-1, -0.9 (-12.2 10.5) beats∙min-1, with R2 0.83 0.56, respectively. During second ramp, differences -7.3 (-18.1 3.5) ml∙kg-1∙min-1 -12.3 (-30.4 5.9) 0.62 0.43, respectively.A chest-belt derived 0.75 is closely related VT1, an individual level being similar methods. This suggests be useful exercise intensity demarcation. altered relationship indicates that only able accurately demarcate thresholds non-fatigued state, but also opens opportunities fatigue-based training prescription.The determined nonlinear analyse shows close agreement threshold, demarcation.The fatigue prescription.

Language: Английский

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Energy constraint and compensation: Insights from endurance athletes

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 285, P. 111500 - 111500

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

Language: Английский

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Faster intervals, faster recoveries - intensified short VO2max running intervals are inferior to traditional long intervals in terms of time spent above 90% VO2max

Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

High intensity interval training for improving maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) is a fundamental component of specific preparation phases middle- and long-distance runners. In this context, short intervals are very popular in practice. The aim the present study was to determine whether increasing around aerobic speed (vVO2max), compared traditional long runs, leads greater time spent above 90% VO2max. 12 highly trained middle distance runners (7 males, 5 females) completed two VO2max sessions (4 × 3 min at 95% vVO2max, recovery: 50% vVO2max vs. 24 30 s 100% 55% vVO2max) on treadmill randomized order. Spiroergometric data, lactate accumulation, heart rate (HR) perceived exertion determined. This allowed recording HRmax. To analyze differences between sessions, paired t-test respectively Wilcoxon test, if data were not normally distributed, applied. significantly lower 30-s intervals, despite higher intensity, 3-min session (201.3 ± 268.4 327.9 146.8 s, p = 0.05, r 0.57). contrast, HRmax than (820 249 545 131 < 0.001, d 1.73). blood concentrations showed values (9.69 1.82 mmol/L) (7.59 2.01 mmol/L, 2.34). There no statistical difference rating (30-s session: 6.5 1.0 6.8 1.2; 0.26). that intensified inferior regarding Given observation an opposing trend HRmax, parameter should be interpreted with caution settings.

Language: Английский

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Force-Velocity Profile in Middle- and Long-Distance Athletes: Sex Effect and Impact on Endurance Performance Determinants

Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 1249 - 1249

Published: Jan. 26, 2025

Background: Muscle strength plays a critical role in the performance of middle- and long-distance athletes. However, vertical force–velocity (F–V) profile has not been studied this population. The objectives study were twofold: (i) to characterize F–V athletes (ii) explore its relationship with physiological biomechanical variables. Methods: Thirty-nine highly trained (13 middle-distance 26 athletes), comprising men (18) women (21), participated study. Each athlete performed squat-jump determine their profile, followed by two 5 min bouts low-intensity running graded exercise test assess kinematic parameters. Results: Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) observed maximal estimated power (Pmax) jump height between female (21.20 ± 4.78 W·kg−1 vs. 15.80 2.83 W·kg−1; 26.00 0.05 cm 19.50 0.03 cm), male (19.70 2.87 24.10 0.02 cm). Stride length during low intensity showed significant correlations Pmax (r = 0.340) 0.374). was positively associated economy (RE) 0.396) VO2max 0.346), negatively correlated imbalance (FVimb) −0.531). Conclusions: Middle- demonstrate similar profiles; however, exhibit rightward shift, resulting higher height, particularly among women. Nevertheless, characteristics display only weak associations variables which directly influence performance.

Language: Английский

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Physiology and Pathophysiology of Marathon Running: A narrative Review

Sports Medicine - Open, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

Abstract Background Marathon training and running have many beneficial effects on human health physical fitness; however, they also pose risks. To date, no comprehensive review regarding both the benefits risks of marathon different organ systems has been published. Main Body The aim this was to provide a racing systems. A predefined search strategy including keywords (e.g., marathon, cardiovascular system, etc.) free text used. Articles covering regardless sex, age, performance level, event type road races, mountain marathons) were considered, whereas articles examining only cycling, triathlon, stress-tests or other sports excluded. In total, we found 1021 in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, which 329 studies included review. Overall, offers several for reduces all-cause mortality. As such, it improves risk factors, leads favorable cardiac adaptations, enhances lung function, quality life chronic kidney disease patients. It gastrointestinal mobility specific tumors such as colorectal cancer hepatocellular carcinoma. bone skeletal muscle metabolism. further positively affects hematopoiesis cytotoxic abilities natural killer cells, may act neuroprotective long-term basis. After changes biomarkers suggesting pathological events certain cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, liver, hematological, immune, musculoskeletal, central nervous, endocrine can often be observed. Mostly, these are limited 1–3 days post-race usually normalize within week. Moreover, poses serious adverse sudden death acute liver failure. Concerning decrease after race Acute injury, well electrolyte imbalances, relatively common amongst finishers. Many runners complain symptoms during long-distance running. suffer from running-related musculoskeletal injuries impairing performance. is accompanied by an inflammatory response with transient immunosuppression, making susceptible infections. Also, hormonal alterations increased cortisol levels decreased testosterone immediately Disturbances sleep patterns commonly leading up directly race. Conclusion All all, generally safe individual Considering high popularity running, findings supply athletes, coaches, scientists, medicine practitioners practical applications. Further large-scale system needed.

Language: Английский

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The influence of high-intensity interval running bouts on distal anterior femoral cartilage in competitive distance and middle-distance runners

Journal of Sports Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 13

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

Competitive runners compared with recreational have increased odds of osteoarthritis and running-related injury, potentially from different running types. We distal anterior femoral cartilage deformation in competitive following a continuous high-intensity interval run (10 × 400 m, 300 m jog) evaluated the association between kinetics deformation. Twenty-four (11 females 13 males), 18 35 years old underwent ultrasound imaging before after both conditions counterbalanced order 2-7 days apart. Footwear was instrumented force-sensing insoles to extract peak ground reaction force, loading rate, impulse. A 2 (time) by (condition) ANOVA repeated measures change thickness conditions. The lateral region showed greater (p = 0.003). main effect time seen where thinner baseline regardless condition (1.92 (1.82, 2.02) vs. 1.83 (1.73, 1.93) mm; mean difference -0.094 (-0.147, -0.042) mm, p 0.001). No significant associations were found or impulse (all r < 0.32, all > 0.05). Interval contributed

Language: Английский

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Race course characteristics are the most important predictors in 48 h ultramarathon running

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 29, 2025

Ultra-marathon running - where races are held in distance-limited (50 km, 50 miles, 100 etc.), time-limited (6 h, 12 24 48 72 and multi-stage is gaining popularity. However, we have no knowledge of the fastest 48-hour runners originate held. This study tried to determine origin predictor factors associated with ultra-marathon performance, such as age, gender, event country, country race course specific characteristics. A machine learning (ML) model based on XG Boost algorithm was built predict speed from athlete´s origin, occurs characteristic elevation (flat or hilly) surface (asphalt, cement, granite, grass, gravel, sand, track, trail). Model explainability tools were then used investigate how each independent variable would influence predicted result. sample 16,233 records 7,075 unique originating 60 different countries participating 36 between 1980 2022 analyzed. Participation spread across many countries, USA, France, Germany, Australia at top participants' rankings. Athletes Japan, Israel, Iceland achieved average speed. The Great Britain, Netherlands, Egypt. showed that course) (track) variables had a larger athlete hold most important features by SHAP analysis, yielding broader range outputs. Men ~ 0.5 km/h faster than women. Most finishers 45-49 years old, this age group speeds. In summary, for fast races, whilst lead broadest difference range. Any intending achieve personal best performance format can benefit these findings selecting appropriate course.

Language: Английский

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