A narrative review of molecular mechanism and therapeutic effect of cannabidiol (CBD)

Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 130(4), P. 439 - 456

Published: Jan. 27, 2022

Cannabidiol (CBD) is an abundant non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid in cannabis extracts which has high affinity on a series of receptors, including Type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1), 2 (CB2), GPR55, transient potential vanilloid (TRPV) and peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma (PPARγ). By modulating the activities these CBD exhibits multiple therapeutic effects, neuroprotective, antiepileptic, anxiolytic, antipsychotic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic anticancer properties. could also be applied to treat or prevent COVID-19 its complications. Here, we provide narrative review CBD's applications human diseases: from mechanism action clinical trials.

Language: Английский

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Updating Phospholipase A2 Biology

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 1457 - 1457

Published: Oct. 19, 2020

The phospholipase A

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Fecal Metabolomic Signatures in Colorectal Adenoma Patients Are Associated with Gut Microbiota and Early Events of Colorectal Cancer Pathogenesis

mBio, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Feb. 17, 2020

Colorectal adenomas are precursors of CRC. Recently, the gut microbiota, i.e., collection microbes residing in our gut, has been recognized as a key player CRC development. There have number microbiota profiling studies for colorectal adenoma and CRC; however, fewer considered metabolome, which serves chemical interface between host microbiota. Here, we conducted metabolome study analyzed metabolomic profiles together with paired composition profiles. We found several signatures that were associated some potentially indicative future This highlights potential early-driver metabolites pathogenesis guides further targeted experiments thus provides an important stepping stone toward developing better prevention strategies.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress and Lipid Mediators Modulate Immune Cell Functions in Autoimmune Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. 723 - 723

Published: Jan. 13, 2021

Autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and rheumatic arthritis (RA), are caused by a combination of environmental genetic factors that lead to overactivation immune cells chronic inflammation. Since oxidative stress is common feature these which activates leukocytes intensify inflammation, antioxidants could reduce the severity diseases. In addition activating leukocytes, increases production lipid mediators, notably endocannabinoids eicosanoids, products enzymatic metabolism act through specific receptors. Because anti-inflammatory CB2 receptors predominant cannabinoid in believed as regulate compensatory mechanisms autoimmune While administration eicosanoids vitro leads differentiation lymphocytes into T helper 2 (Th2) cells, also necessary for different0iation Th1 Th17 cells. Therefore, their antagonists and/or deletion abolish inflammation animal models psoriasis—RA SLE. On other hand, non-enzymatic peroxidation, especially acrolein 4-hydroxynonenal-protein adducts, mostly generated an burst granulocytes, may enhance even acting autoantigens extracellular signaling molecules vicious circle

Language: Английский

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Goods and Bads of the Endocannabinoid System as a Therapeutic Target: Lessons Learned after 30 Years

Pharmacological Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 75(5), P. 885 - 958

Published: May 10, 2023

The cannabis derivative marijuana is the most widely used recreational drug in Western world and consumed by an estimated 83 million individuals (∼3% of population). In recent years, there has been a marked transformation society regarding risk perception cannabis, driven its legalization medical use many states United States worldwide. Compelling research evidence Food Drug Administration cannabis-derived cannabidiol approval for severe childhood epilepsy have confirmed large therapeutic potential itself, Δ

Language: Английский

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Beyond THC and Endocannabinoids

The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 60(1), P. 637 - 659

Published: Oct. 3, 2019

Research in the cannabinoid field, namely on phytocannabinoids, endogenous cannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol their metabolizing synthetic enzymes, receptors, anandamide-like compounds, has expanded tremendously over last few years. Numerous endocannabinoid-like compounds have been discovered. The Cannabis plant constituent cannabidiol (CBD) was found to exert beneficial effects many preclinical disease models ranging from epilepsy, cardiovascular disease, inflammation, autoimmunity neurodegenerative kidney diseases cancer. CBD recently approved United States for treatment of rare forms childhood epilepsy. This triggered development CBD-based products human use, often with overstated claims regarding therapeutic effects. In this article, published research chemistry biological (specifically CBD), endocannabinoids, certain long-chain fatty acid amides, variety relevant receptors is critically reviewed.

Language: Английский

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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors: Experimental Targeting for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: May 27, 2020

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of nuclear receptor proteins that promote ligand-dependent transcription target genes regulate energy production, lipid metabolism, and inflammation. PPAR superfamily comprises three subtypes, PPARα, PPARγ, PPARβ/δ, with differential tissue distributions. In addition to their different roles in the regulation balance carbohydrate an emerging function PPARs includes normal homeostasis intestinal tissue. PPARα activation represses NF-κB signaling, which decreases inflammatory cytokine production by cell types, while PPARγ ligands can inhibit macrophages cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, Il-1β. this regard, anti-inflammatory responses induced might restore physiopathological imbalances associated bowel diseases (IBD). Thus, have important therapeutic potential. This review briefly discusses physiopathology therapies most IBDs, ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD), well some new experimental compounds activity promising drugs for IBD treatment.

Language: Английский

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Neuroprotective and Immunomodulatory Action of the Endocannabinoid System under Neuroinflammation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(11), P. 5431 - 5431

Published: May 21, 2021

Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are lipid-based retrograde messengers with a relatively short half-life that produced endogenously and, upon binding to the primary cannabinoid receptors CB1/2, mediate multiple mechanisms of intercellular communication within body. Endocannabinoid signaling is implicated in brain development, memory formation, learning, mood, anxiety, depression, feeding behavior, analgesia, and drug addiction. It now recognized endocannabinoid system mediates not only neuronal communications but also governs crosstalk between neurons, glia, immune cells, thus represents an important player neuroimmune interface. Generation endocannabinoids accompanied by production their congeners, N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), which together N-acylneurotransmitters, lipoamino acids fatty acid amides comprise expanded endocannabinoid/endovanilloid systems. Most these compounds do bind signal via several other pathways involving transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), peroxisome proliferator-activated (PPAR)-α non-cannabinoid G-protein coupled (GPRs) anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory neuroprotective activities. In vivo generation triggered physiological pathological stimuli specifically brain, fine regulation synaptic strength, neuroprotection, resolution neuroinflammation. Here, we review role intrinsic its therapeutic for treatment neuroinflammation associated synaptopathy.

Language: Английский

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Cannabinoids as anticancer therapeutic agents

Cell Cycle, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 19(9), P. 961 - 989

Published: April 5, 2020

The recent announcement of marijuana legalization in Canada spiked many discussions about potential health benefits

Language: Английский

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The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Energy Balance With a Focus on the Gut-Adipose Tissue Axis

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: April 7, 2020

Obesity is a complex disease attributable to many factors including genetics and environmental influences. Growing evidence suggests that gut microbiota major contributing factor the pathogenesis of obesity other metabolic disorders. This article reviews current understanding role in regulation energy balance development obesity, how communicates with host tissues, particular adipose tissue.

Language: Английский

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