Gut microbial community structure and function of Przewalski's horses varied across reintroduced sites in China DOI
Liping Tang, Liping Yan,

Huiping Jia

et al.

Integrative Zoology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(6), P. 1027 - 1040

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

Host-associated microbiota can significantly impact host fitness. Therefore, naturally occurring variations in may influence the health and persistence of their hosts. This finding is particularly important reintroduced animals, as they typically experience habitat changes during translocations. However, little known about how microbiomes are altered response to conservation translocation. Here, we accessed gut microbiome Przewalski's horse (Equus przewalskii) populations China from three nature reserves (i.e. Xinjiang Kalamaili Nature Reserve, KNR; Dunhuang Xihu National DXNNR; Anxi Extreme-arid Desert AENR) using 16s rRNA gene metagenome sequencing. The results showed that microbial composition function differed across locations, while a subset core taxa was consistently present most samples. abundance genes encoding microbe-produced enzymes involved metabolism carbohydrates, especially for glycoside hydrolases, higher open-spaced KNR than more confined AENR individuals. study offers detailed significant differential characters related community metabolic pathways various sites horse, which might provide basis future microecological research on endangered animals.

Language: Английский

Expanded catalogue of metagenome-assembled genomes reveals resistome characteristics and athletic performance-associated microbes in horse DOI Creative Commons
Cunyuan Li, Xiaoyue Li,

Rongjun Guo

et al.

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 12, 2023

Abstract Background As a domesticated species vital to humans, horses are raised worldwide as source of mechanical energy for sports, leisure, food production, and transportation. The gut microbiota plays an important role in the health, diseases, athletic performance, behaviour horses. Results Here, using approximately 2.2 Tb metagenomic sequencing data from samples 242 horses, including 110 caecum 132 rectum (faeces), we assembled 4142 microbial metagenome-assembled genomes (MAG), 4015 (96.93%) which appear correspond new species. From long-read data, successfully 13 circular whole-chromosome bacterial representing novel MAG contained over 313,568 predicted carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZy), 59.77% had low similarity match CAZy public databases. High abundance diversity antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) were identified MAG, likely showing wide use antibiotics management horse. abundances at least 36 (e.g. belonging Lachnospiraceae , Oscillospiraceae Ruminococcus ) higher racehorses than nonracehorses. These enriched every gene major pathway producing acetate butyrate by fibre fermentation, presenting potential greater amount short-chain fatty acids available fuel performance. Conclusion Overall, short- sequence horse gut. Our dataset represents exhaustive genome catalogue microbiome provides valuable resource discovery performance-enhancing microbes studies microbiome.

Language: Английский

Citations

27
Gut Microbiome Characteristics in feral and domesticated horses from different geographic locations DOI
Ang Li, Gabriel Vinderola, Akihito Endo

et al.

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Feb. 25, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

34
Gastro-Intestinal Microbiota in Equines and Its Role in Health and Disease: The Black Box Opens DOI Creative Commons
Frédérique Chaucheyras‐Durand,

A. Sacy,

K. Karges

et al.

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(12), P. 2517 - 2517

Published: Dec. 19, 2022

Horses are large non-ruminant herbivores and rely on microbial fermentation for energy, with more than half of their maintenance energy requirement coming from occurring in enlarged caecum colon. To achieve that, the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) horses harbors a broad range various microorganisms, differing each GIT segment, which essential efficient utilization feed, especially to use nutrients that not or little degraded by endogenous enzymes. In addition, like other animal species, microbiota is permanent interplay host's cells involved lot functions among inflammation, immune homeostasis, metabolism. As animals humans, horse gut microbiome sensitive diet, consumption starch, fiber, fat. Age, breeds, stress during competitions, transportation, exercise may also impact microbiome. Because its size complexity, equine prone perturbations caused external internal stressors result digestive diseases gastric ulcer, diarrhea, colic, colitis, thought be linked systemic laminitis, metabolic syndrome obesity. Thus, this review we aim at understanding common core -in terms structure function- segment GIT, as well identifying potential biomarkers health disease crucial anticipate putative perturbations, optimize global practices develop adapted nutritional strategies personalized nutrition.

Language: Английский

Citations

33
Understanding the microbial fibre degrading communities & processes in the equine gut DOI Creative Commons
Georgia Wunderlich, Michelle Bull, T Ross

et al.

Animal Microbiome, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Jan. 12, 2023

Abstract The equine gastrointestinal tract is a self-sufficient fermentation system, housing complex microbial consortium that acts synergistically and independently to break down lignocellulolytic material enters the gut. Despite being strict herbivores, equids such as horses zebras lack diversity of enzymes needed completely plant tissue, instead relying on their resident microbes carry out fibrolysis yield vital energy sources short chain fatty acids. bulk digestion occurs in large intestine, where digesta fermented for 36–48 h through synergistic activities bacteria, fungi, methanogenic archaea. Anaerobic gut dwelling bacteria fungi polysaccharides combined mechanical enzymatic strategies, notably possess some greatest repertoire carbohydrate active among characterized microbes. In addition production enzymes, equid-isolated anaerobic have been shown cellulosomes, powerful multi-enzyme complexes further enhance down. both are facilitated by facultatively aerobic yeasts archaea, who maintain an optimal environment fibrolytic organisms, ultimately leading increased counts heightened activity. unique interactions within well novel species mechanisms employed these makes valuable ecosystem study functions communities. This review outlines primary taxa involved fibre illuminates strategies metabolic pathways used We discuss current methods analysing communities propose shift towards development functional assays deepen our understanding this ecosystem.

Language: Английский

Citations

20
Microbiota characterization throughout the digestive tract of horses fed a high-fiber vs. a high-starch diet DOI Creative Commons
Federica Raspa, S. Chessa, Domenico Bergero

et al.

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: May 14, 2024

Diet is one of the main factors influencing intestinal microbiota in horses, yet a systematic characterization along length digestive tract clinically healthy homogenous for age and breed receiving specific diet lacking.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Effect of probiotics and prebiotics on the composition of the equine fecal and seminal microbiomes and sperm quality: A pilot study DOI
Carolyn Giselle Cooke, Zamira Gibb, Christopher G. Grupen

et al.

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 135, P. 105032 - 105032

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

5
The Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Probiotic Bacteria for Equine Use DOI
Carolyn Giselle Cooke, Zamira Gibb, Joanna Harnett

et al.

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 99, P. 103407 - 103407

Published: Feb. 11, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

32
The Airway Pathobiome in Complex Respiratory Diseases: A Perspective in Domestic Animals DOI Creative Commons
Núria Mach, Éric Baranowski, Laurent‐Xavier Nouvel

et al.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: May 14, 2021

Respiratory infections in domestic animals are a major issue for veterinary and livestock industry. Pathogens the respiratory tract share their habitat with myriad of commensal microorganisms. Increasing evidence points towards pathobiome concept, integrating dysbiotic bacterial communities, host environment new understanding disease etiology. During infection, airway microbiota likely regulates is regulated by pathogens through diverse mechanisms, thereby acting either as gatekeeper that provides resistance to pathogen colonization or enhancing prevalence co-infectivity, which often results exacerbation. Insight into complex interplay taking place between pathogens, microbiota, its during infection research field infancy most studies focused on from enteric gut microbiota. However, may improve control reduce severity microbial-related diseases, including those zoonotic potential.

Language: Английский

Citations

29
Gut health of horses: effects of high fibre vs high starch diet on histological and morphometrical parameters DOI Creative Commons
Elena Colombino, Federica Raspa,

Maria Perotti

et al.

BMC Veterinary Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Sept. 8, 2022

Abstract Background The conventional feeding management of horses is still characterized by high starch and low fibre diets, which can negatively affect horse’s gastrointestinal health. Thus, the aim this study was to compare effects a high-starch (HS) vs. high-fibre (HF) diet on gut health in horses. A total 19 Bardigiano destined for slaughter aged 14.3 ± 0.7 months were randomly allotted two dietary groups: HS (5 fillies 4 colts,) HF group (7 3 colts). They received same first-cut meadow hay but different complementary feeds 72 days: fed 8 kg/animal/day starch-rich feed while 3.5 fibre‐rich feed. At slaughter, stomachs separated washed evaluation glandular squamous regions. Also, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, apex caecum, sternal flexure, pelvic right dorsal colon, rectum liver excised submitted histomorphometrical evaluation. Results region presented more severe gastric mucosa lesions compared ( P = 0.006). Moreover, statistical tendency 0.060) found region, presenting higher score than diet. Regarding morphometry, jejunum villus height crypt depth (Cd) ratio influenced sex, being greater males females 0.037) ileum Cd depended interaction between sex diet, 0.029). duodenum colon severity inflammation 0.024 0.050), males. On contrary, 0.052). Conclusions These results suggested that provoked stomach both flexure. present represent starting point further investigations

Language: Английский

Citations

20
Advanced Strategies of Drug Delivery via Oral, Topical, and Parenteral Administration Routes: Where Do Equine Medications Stand? DOI Creative Commons
Yunmei Song, Candace M. Day, Franklin Afinjuomo

et al.

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 186 - 186

Published: Jan. 4, 2023

While the global market for veterinary products has been expanding rapidly, there is still a lack of specialist knowledge equine pharmaceutics. In many cases, basic structure gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and integumentary system horse shares similarities with those humans. Generally, dosage form developed humans can be repurposed to deliver medications; however, due physiological variation, therapeutic outcomes unpredictable. This an area that requires more research, as clear deficiency in literature precedence on drug delivery specifically horses. Through careful evaluation anatomy physiology, novel systems (NDDSs) adequately address medical ailments horse. addition this, are key considerations when delivering oral, topical, parenteral drugs horses, deriving from age species variation. More importantly, NDDSs enhance duration action active animals, significantly improving owner compliance; ultimately, enhancing convenience product administration. To gap pharmaceutical formulations, this paper begins summary physiology gastrointestinal, integumentary, circulatory systems. A detailed discussion potential dosage-form related issues affecting how they overcome by employing presented.

Language: Английский

Citations

12