Precision Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction: the Promise of High-Density Lipoproteins

Current Atherosclerosis Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(10), P. 663 - 677

Published: Sept. 13, 2023

Emerging evidence supports the promise of precision nutritional approaches for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Here, we discuss current findings from nutrition trials and studies reporting substantial inter-individual variability in responses to diets dietary components relevant CVD outcomes. We highlight examples where early research already points actionable intervention targets tailored an individual's biology lifestyle. Finally, make case high-density lipoproteins (HDL) as a compelling next generation target aimed at HDL possesses complex structural features including diverse protein components, lipids, size distribution, extensive glycosylation, interacts with gut microbiome, all which influence HDL's anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cholesterol efflux properties. Elucidating nuances structure function individual level may unlock personalized lifestyle strategies optimize HDL-mediated atheroprotection reduce risk.

Language: Английский

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Cardiovascular Disease May Be Triggered by Gut Microbiota, Microbial Metabolites, Gut Wall Reactions, and Inflammation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(19), P. 10634 - 10634

Published: Oct. 2, 2024

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) may be inherited, as recently shown with the identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs or “snips”) on a 250 kb DNA fragment that encodes 92 proteins associated CVD. CVD is also triggered by microbial dysbiosis, metabolites, metabolic disorders, and inflammatory intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). The cellular adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM) trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) peptide keeps gut wall intact healthy. Variations in Ep-CAM levels are directly linked to changes microbiome. Leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI1), alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP1) obesity used biomarkers. Although contactin (CNTN1) adiposity, it regulates bacterial metabolism tryptophan (Trp) thus appetite. A decrease CNTN1 serve an early warning Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced microbiota inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines damage vascular integrity. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), microbiota, activates Nod-like receptors (NLRs) such receptor protein (NLRP3), which increase platelet formation. Mutations elastin gene (ELN) cause supra valvular aortic stenosis (SVAS), defined thickening arterial wall. Many genes expressed human regulated microbiota. new molecular markers crucial for prevention development therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes causes identifies possible markers.

Language: Английский

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THE ROLE OF ALLULOSE AND SUGAR ALCOHOLS IN GUT MICROBIOTA MODULATION AND METABOLIC HEALTH: A REVIEW

Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Allulose and sugar alcohols, like erythritol xylitol, are low-calorie sweeteners gaining attention for their potential to positively influence metabolic health. This brief review explores how these can shape the gut microbiota. Acting as prebiotics, they foster growth of beneficial bacteria stimulate production short-chain fatty acids. These effects may contribute improved insulin sensitivity, reduced inflammation a stronger barrier. However, excessive alcohol intake lead digestive discomfort. Further research is needed assess long-term impact on microbiota health, well interactions with other dietary factors. By understanding intricate relationship between sweeteners, it will be possible develop well-informed guidelines optimize health well-being. Peer Review History: Received 5 October 2024; Reviewed 12 November; Accepted 22 December; Available online 15 January 2025 Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, [email protected] Average marks at initial stage: 5.0/10 publication 7.0/10

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Potential of Stem Cells in Modulating Gut Microbiota and Managing Hypertension

Stem Cells and Development, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a significant health issue that increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and renal failure. This condition broadly encompasses both primary secondary forms. Despite extensive research, underlying mechanisms systemic arterial hypertension-particularly hypertension, which has no identifiable cause affected by genetic lifestyle agents-remain complex not fully understood. Recent studies indicate an imbalance in gut microbiota, referred to dysbiosis, may promote affecting pressure regulation through metabolites such short-chain fatty acids trimethylamine N-oxide. Current antihypertensive medications face limitations, including resistance adherence issues, highlighting need for novel therapeutic approaches. Stem cell therapy, emerging field regenerative medicine, shows promise addressing these challenges. cells, with mesenchymal stem cells being prime example, have regenerative, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory properties. Emerging research indicates can modulate reduce inflammation, improve vascular health, potentially aiding management. Research shown positive impact on microbiota various disorders, suggesting their potential role treating hypertension. review synthesizes recent interactions between By offering thorough analysis current literature, it highlights key insights, uncovers critical gaps, identifies trends will inform guide future investigations this rapidly advancing field.

Language: Английский

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Trymethylamine-N-oxide, a gut-derived metabolite, induces myofibroblastic activation of valvular interstitial cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 8, 2025

ABSTRACT Calcific aortic valve disease currently lacks effective treatments beyond surgical replacement, due to an incomplete understanding of its pathogenesis. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiome influences cardiovascular health through production metabolites derived from dietary components. Among them, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has been identified as a potential causal factor for several conditions. However, role in development remains poorly understood. This study sought investigate impact TMAO on valvular interstitial cells (VICs), most abundant cell type valve. Here, we demonstrate activates VICs towards myofibroblastic profibrotic phenotype. Using vitro protocol generate quiescent VICs, found induces upregulation markers sex-independent manner. These were more sensitive than conventionally cultured VICs. Treatment with also elevated extracellular matrix and oxidative stress, phenotypic hallmarks activated state. Finally, inhibition endoplasmic reticulum stress kinase prior treatment blocked all effects this metabolite. findings suggest contributes early stages by promoting VIC activation mechanisms. Understanding other gut-derived pathogenesis could inform novel preventive or therapeutic strategies modify delay progression. Furthermore, these insights underscore importance host-microbiome interactions highlight targeted interventions mitigate risk.

Language: Английский

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