Plastic debris in lakes and reservoirs

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 619(7969), P. 317 - 322

Published: July 12, 2023

Language: Английский

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Oxidation and fragmentation of plastics in a changing environment; from UV-radiation to biological degradation

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 851, P. 158022 - 158022

Published: Aug. 12, 2022

Understanding the fate of plastics in environment is critical importance for quantitative assessment biological impacts plastic waste. Specially, there a need to analyze more detail reputed longevity context degradation through oxidation and fragmentation reactions. Photo-oxidation debris by solar UV radiation (UVR) makes material prone subsequent fragmentation. The fragments generated following exposure mechanical stresses include secondary micro- or nanoparticles, an emerging class pollutants. paper discusses UV-driven photo-oxidation process, identifying relevant knowledge gaps uncertainties. Serious exist concerning wavelength sensitivity dose-response photo-fragmentation process. Given heterogeneity natural irradiance varying from no sediments full floating, beach litter air-borne plastics, it argued that rates degradation/fragmentation will also vary dramatically between different locations environmental niches. Biological phenomena such as biofouling further modulate radiation, while potentially contributing and/or independent UVR. Reductions UVR many regions, consequent implementation Montreal Protocol its Amendments protecting stratospheric ozone, have consequences global heterogeneous manner across geographic zones. interacting effects warming, ozone are projected increase at surface localized areas, mainly because decreased cloud cover. complexity uncertainty future conditions, this currently precludes reliable predictions persistence on scale.

Language: Английский

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Twenty years of microplastics pollution research—what have we learned?

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 386(6720)

Published: Sept. 19, 2024

Twenty years after the first publication that used term microplastic, we review current understanding, refine definitions, and consider future prospects. Microplastics arise from multiple sources, including tires, textiles, cosmetics, paint, fragmentation of larger items. They are widely distributed throughout natural environment, with evidence harm at levels biological organization. pervasive in food drink have been detected human body, emerging negative effects. Environmental contamination could double by 2040, wide-scale has predicted. Public concern is increasing, diverse measures to address microplastic pollution being considered international negotiations. Clear on efficacy potential solutions now needed issue minimize risks unintended consequences.

Language: Английский

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Characterizing microplastic hazards: which concentration metrics and particle characteristics are most informative for understanding toxicity in aquatic organisms?

Microplastics and Nanoplastics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Aug. 6, 2022

Abstract There is definitive evidence that microplastics, defined as plastic particles less than 5 mm in size, are ubiquitous the environment and can cause harm to aquatic organisms. These findings have prompted legislators environmental regulators seek out strategies for managing risk. However, microplastics also an incredibly diverse contaminant suite, comprising a complex mixture of physical chemical characteristics (e.g., sizes, morphologies, polymer types, additives, sorbed chemicals, impurities), making it challenging identify which particle might influence associated hazards life. In addition, there lack consensus on how microplastic concentrations should be reported. This not only makes difficult compare across studies, but begs question concentration metric may most informative hazard characterization. Thus, international panel experts was convened 1) metrics mass or count per unit volume mass) development health-based thresholds risk assessment 2) best inform toxicological concerns. Based existing knowledge, recommended toxicity tests calculated from both at minimum, though ideally researchers report additional metrics, such surface area, more specific mechanisms. Regarding characteristics, sufficient conclude size critical determinant outcomes, particularly mechanisms food dilution tissue translocation .

Language: Английский

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Nano- and microplastics: a comprehensive review on their exposure routes, translocation, and fate in humans

NanoImpact, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29, P. 100441 - 100441

Published: Nov. 24, 2022

Contamination of the environment with nano-and microplastic particles (NMPs) and its putative adverse effects on organisms, ecosystems, human health is gaining increasing scientific public attention. Various studies show that NMPs occur abundantly within environment, leading to a high likelihood exposure NMPs. Here, different scenarios can occur. The most notable routes into body are via airways gastrointestinal tract (GIT) through inhalation or ingestion, but also skin due use personal care products (PCPs) containing Once have entered body, it possible they translocated from exposed organ other compartments. In our review article, we combine current knowledge (1) humans basic understanding potential (2) translocation mechanisms tissues and, consequently, their (3) fate body. Regarding routes, reviewed occurrence in food, beverages, air (focusing indoors workplaces) found suggest an abundant presence MPs scenarios. overall abundance matrices relevant highlights importance whether for tissue translocation. Therefore, describe pathways skin, GIT respiratory systems particular attention was paid how likely translocate primary organs secondary naturally occurring defence against Based understanding, conclude dermal rather unlikely. contrast, small NPs generally system tissues. Thus, existing literature contamination mechanisms, critically discuss size detected reported studies. some cases, samples exceed particle overcome biological barriers allowing emphasize reading discussing presented results NMP samples.

Language: Английский

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Large-scale monitoring and risk assessment of microplastics in the Amazon River

Water Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 232, P. 119707 - 119707

Published: Feb. 5, 2023

Microplastics (MPs) are one of the most widespread contaminants worldwide, yet their risks for freshwater ecosystems have seldom been investigated. In this study, we performed a large monitoring campaign to assess presence and MPs in Amazonian ecosystems. We investigated MP pollution 40 samples collected along 1500 km Brazilian Amazon, including Amazon River, three major tributaries, several streams next important urban areas. 55-5000 µm size range were characterized (size, shape, color) by microscopy identified (polymer composition) infrared spectroscopy. Ecotoxicological assessed using chronic Species Sensitivity Distributions effects triggered food dilution tissue translocation data alignment methods that correct polydispersity environmental bioaccessibility. This study shows ubiquitous ecosystems, with measured concentrations (55-5000 µm) ranging between 5 152 MPs/m3 River its main 23 74,550 streams. The calculated Hazardous Concentration 5% species (HC5) derived from SSDs entire (1-5000 1.6 × 107 (95% CI: 1.2 106 - 4.0 108) dilution, 1.8 1.5 4.3 translocation. Rescaled exposure tributaries ranged 6.0 103 105 MPs/m3, significantly lower than HC5 values. 1.7 5.7 108 exceeded both values 20% locations. ecological impacts contamination not likely happen tributaries. However, organisms may be expected near densely populated areas, such as cities Manaus or Belem, which limited wastewater treatment facilities.

Language: Английский

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Where the rubber meets the road: Emerging environmental impacts of tire wear particles and their chemical cocktails

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 927, P. 171153 - 171153

Published: March 7, 2024

About 3 billion new tires are produced each year and about 800 million become waste annually. Global dependence upon from natural rubber petroleum-based compounds represents a persistent complex environmental problem with only partial often-times, ineffective solutions. Tire emissions may be in the form of whole tires, tire particles, chemical compounds, which is transported through various atmospheric, terrestrial, aquatic routes built environments. Production use generates multiple heavy metals, plastics, PAH's, other that can toxic alone or as cocktails. Used require storage space, energy intensive to recycle, generally have few post-wear uses not also potential sources pollutants (e.g., crumb rubber, pavements, burning). particles emitted during major component microplastics urban runoff source unique highly potent substances. Thus, represent ubiquitous pollutant requires comprehensive examination develop effective management remediation. We approach issue pollution holistically by examining life cycle across production, emissions, recycling, disposal. In this paper, we synthesize recent research data human health risks associated use, disposal discuss gaps our knowledge fate transport, well toxicology leachates. examine remediation approaches for addressing exposure tires. consider three levels: their state, particulates, mixture Finally, information understanding outline key questions improve ability manage remediate pollution.

Language: Английский

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Plastics in the deep sea – A global estimate of the ocean floor reservoir

Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 206, P. 104266 - 104266

Published: March 2, 2024

Language: Английский

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Ensuring representative sample volume predictions in microplastic monitoring

Microplastics and Nanoplastics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Language: Английский

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Risk assessment of microplastics in freshwater sediments guided by strict quality criteria and data alignment methods

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 441, P. 129814 - 129814

Published: Aug. 22, 2022

Determining the risks of microplastics is difficult because data variable quality and cannot be compared. Although sediments are important sinks for microplastics, no holistic risk assessment framework available this compartment. Here we assess in freshwater worldwide, using strict criteria alignment methods. Published exposure were screened new sediment rescaled to standard 1-5000 µm microplastic size range. Threshold effect also aligned account polydispersity environmental their bioaccessible fraction. Risks characterized effects triggered by food dilution or translocation, ingested particle volume surface area as ecologically relevant metrics, respectively. Based on species sensitivity distributions, determined Hazardous Concentrations 5% (HC5, with 95% CI) 4.9 × 109 (6.6 107 - 1.9 1011) 1.1 1010 (3.2 108 4.0 particles / kg dry weight, For all locations considered, concentrations either below margin uncertainty HC5 values. We conclude that from benthic communities excluded at current worldwide.

Language: Английский

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