European Journal of Cancer,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
203, P. 114046 - 114046
Published: April 12, 2024
For
decades,
treatment
of
advanced
biliary
tract
cancer
(BTC)
was
confined
to
the
use
chemotherapy.
In
recent
years
however,
number
therapeutic
options
available
for
patients
with
unresectable
BTC
have
drastically
increased,
immunotherapy
and
targeted
gradually
joining
ranks
guideline-recommended
regimens.The
aim
present
review
is
summarise
current
knowledge
on
focusing
epidemiology,
anatomical
distribution
strategies
systemic
treatment.
We
further
outline
ongoing
clinical
trials
provide
an
outlook
future
interventions.In
realm
gastrointestinal
malignancies,
increasing
finally
delivering
longstanding
commitment
personalised
oncology.
This
emphasises
need
considering
a
comprehensive
genomic-based
pathology
assessment
right
from
initial
diagnosis
fully
leverage
expanding
array
that
recently
become
accessible.
International Journal of Biological Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
20(5), P. 1947 - 1964
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Kirsten
rat
sarcoma
viral
oncogene
homolog
(KRAS)
is
an
implicated
in
the
pathophysiology
of
many
cancers.Increasing
evidence
shows
that
KRAS
mutation
correlated
with
poor
prognosis
numerous
cancers,
including
colorectal
cancer
(CRC),
breast
cancer,
and
melanoma.KRAS
also
participates
regulating
CRC
microenvironment.However,
direct
indirect
therapeutic
targets
have
not
been
identified;
thus,
elucidating
mechanisms
interactions
between
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
in-depth
paramount.Herein,
we
present
some
major
roles
plays
shaping
heterogeneity
TME
propose
a
potential
strategy
for
targeting
downstream
components
signaling
pathway
CRC.
Journal of Clinical Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(7), P. 2103 - 2103
Published: April 4, 2024
The
KRAS
proto-oncogene
is
a
major
driver
of
pancreatic
tumorigenesis
and
nearly
ubiquitously
mutated
in
ductal
adenocarcinoma
(PDAC).
point
mutations
are
detected
over
90%
PDAC
cases,
these
have
been
shown
to
be
associated
with
worse
therapy
response
overall
survival.
Pathogenic
mostly
limited
codons
12,
13
61,
G12D,
G12V,
G12R,
Q61H,
G13D
accounting
for
approximately
95%
the
mutant
cases.
Emerging
data
importance
specific
subtypes,
as
well
variant
allele
frequency
on
clinical
prognosis.
Furthermore,
novel
technologies
therapies
being
developed
target
encouraging
early
results.
In
this
paper,
we
aim
review
recent
studies
regarding
relative
impact
subtypes
oncologic
outcomes,
application
next
generation
sequencing
analyses,
ongoing
research
into
targeting
subtypes.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: Aug. 21, 2024
Abstract
RAS
and
MYC
rank
amongst
the
most
commonly
altered
oncogenes
in
cancer,
with
being
frequently
mutated
amplified.
The
cooperative
interplay
between
constitutes
a
complex
multifaceted
phenomenon,
profoundly
influencing
tumor
development.
Together
individually,
these
two
regulate
most,
if
not
all,
hallmarks
of
including
cell
death
escape,
replicative
immortality,
tumor-associated
angiogenesis,
invasion
metastasis,
metabolic
adaptation,
immune
evasion.
Due
to
their
frequent
alteration
role
tumorigenesis,
emerge
as
highly
appealing
targets
cancer
therapy.
However,
due
nature,
both
have
been
long
considered
“undruggable”
and,
until
recently,
no
drugs
directly
targeting
them
had
reached
clinic.
This
review
aims
shed
light
on
partnership,
special
attention
active
collaboration
fostering
an
immunosuppressive
milieu
driving
immunotherapeutic
resistance
cancer.
Within
this
review,
we
also
present
update
different
inhibitors
currently
undergoing
clinical
trials,
along
outcomes
combination
strategies
explored
overcome
drug
resistance.
recent
development
suggests
paradigm
shift
long-standing
belief
“undruggability”,
hinting
at
new
era
therapeutic
targeting.
Molecular Cancer,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
23(1)
Published: Dec. 26, 2024
Immune
checkpoint
inhibitors
(ICIs)
have
dramatically
transformed
the
treatment
landscape
for
various
malignancies,
achieving
notable
clinical
outcomes
across
a
wide
range
of
indications.
Despite
these
advances,
resistance
to
immune
blockade
(ICB)
remains
critical
challenge,
characterized
by
variable
response
rates
and
non-durable
benefits.
However,
growing
research
into
complex
intrinsic
extrinsic
characteristics
tumors
has
advanced
our
understanding
mechanisms
behind
ICI
resistance,
potentially
improving
outcomes.
Additionally,
robust
predictive
biomarkers
are
crucial
optimizing
patient
selection
maximizing
efficacy
ICBs.
Recent
studies
emphasized
that
multiple
rational
combination
strategies
can
overcome
enhance
susceptibility
ICIs.
These
findings
not
only
deepen
tumor
biology
but
also
reveal
unique
action
sensitizing
agents,
extending
benefits
in
cancer
immunotherapy.
In
this
review,
we
will
explore
underlying
ICIs,
discuss
significance
microenvironment
(TIME)
biomarkers,
analyze
current
outline
alternative
effectiveness
including
personalized
European Journal of Cancer,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
203, P. 114046 - 114046
Published: April 12, 2024
For
decades,
treatment
of
advanced
biliary
tract
cancer
(BTC)
was
confined
to
the
use
chemotherapy.
In
recent
years
however,
number
therapeutic
options
available
for
patients
with
unresectable
BTC
have
drastically
increased,
immunotherapy
and
targeted
gradually
joining
ranks
guideline-recommended
regimens.The
aim
present
review
is
summarise
current
knowledge
on
focusing
epidemiology,
anatomical
distribution
strategies
systemic
treatment.
We
further
outline
ongoing
clinical
trials
provide
an
outlook
future
interventions.In
realm
gastrointestinal
malignancies,
increasing
finally
delivering
longstanding
commitment
personalised
oncology.
This
emphasises
need
considering
a
comprehensive
genomic-based
pathology
assessment
right
from
initial
diagnosis
fully
leverage
expanding
array
that
recently
become
accessible.
