Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Associations Between Family History of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, and Dyslipidemia and Their Prevalence and Incidence

Mayo Clinic Proceedings, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

To examine the association between a positive family history (parents, siblings, and grandparents) of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, dyslipidemia their prevalence incidence in same population. Data on 41,361 participants who underwent health examinations January 1, 1997, December 31, 2007, were analyzed, results logistic Cox regression analyses cohort examined. Cross-sectional showed that all three diseases increased with history, especially T2DM, an odds ratio (OR) 12.00 (95% CI, 7.82 to 18.41) when number affected relatives was greater than or equal 3 OR 20.43 11.0 37.8) for across generations compared no history. However, redefining from "parents, grandparents" "parents siblings" only" did not significantly change ORs each disease. Among those body mass index 30.0 kg/m2 hypertension 19 times more prevalent 18.5 24.9 kg/m2. In longitudinal study, strongly influenced incident T2DM (hazard ratio[HR], 2.40; 95% 1.93 2.98), (HR, 1.43; 1.26 1.62), 1.41; 1.08 1.83), respectively. Obtaining these useful identifying high-risk groups. Also, influence strongest marked increase risk overlap members, suggesting is early detection prevention.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Artemisia and Salvia Genera in Cancer, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Short Review of Clinical Evidence

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 1028 - 1028

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Metabolic syndrome, a cluster of metabolic disorders comprising dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, elevated blood pressure, and abdominal obesity, is silent epidemic that may lead to outcomes such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer. Due the increase in prevalence these pathologies, search for better treatments more efficient drugs imperative. Species Artemisia Salvia genera are excellent examples noteworthy sources bioactive products with health applications, their therapeutic properties being well known both popular medicine scientific community. There reports plant extracts or compounds from species belonging either genera, which were able combat cancer, pathologies. For instance, dihydroartemisinin (analog artemisin extracted annua L.) can reduce tumor markers p53 Ki-67 expression levels, leading reduction proliferation. officinalis L. has antihyperglycemic lipid profile-improving effects since it decreases total cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting glucose, low-density lipoprotein triglyceride levels while increasing high-density cholesterol levels. Clinical trials using mixtures (dried powdered plants extracts) medicinal recurrent published works, contrast scarce clinical trial studies isolated compounds. miltiorrhiza Bunge. was by far most targeted analyzed here. Regarding concerning Artemisia, there aiming see its effect on but about cancer advanced. This review aims give critical summary interesting promising results trials. The abundance limited statistically significant evidence hinders progress therapy. situation demands greater rigor community, researchers, regulatory agencies, editors, reviewers conducting publishing studies.

Language: Английский

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Dietary management of dyslipidemia and the impact of dietary patterns on lipid disorders

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 75, P. 49 - 58

Published: Nov. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Safety and efficacy of therapies for chylomicronemia

Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 395 - 405

Published: April 3, 2022

Introduction Primary chylomicronemia is characterized by pathological accumulation of chylomicrons in the plasma causing severe hypertriglyceridemia, typically >10 mmol/L (>875 mg/dL). Patients with ultra-rare familial syndrome (FCS) subtype completely lack lipolytic capacity and respond minimally to traditional triglyceride-lowering therapies. The mainstay treatment a low-fat diet, which difficult follow compromises quality life. New therapies are being developed primarily prevent episodes life-threatening acute pancreatitis.Areas covered Antagonists apolipoprotein (apo) C-III, such as antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) volanesorsen, significantly reduce triglyceride levels chylomicronemia. However, approval access volanesorsen restricted since substantial proportion treated FCS patients thrombocytopenia. Newer apo C-III antagonists, namely, ASO olezarsen (formerly AKCEA-APOCIII-LRx) short interfering RNA (siRNA) ARO-APOC3, appear show efficacy less risk Potential utility antagonists angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) evinacumab siRNA ARO-ANG3 subtypes remains be defined.Expert opinion Emerging pharmacologic for promise, particularly antagonists. these treatments still investigational. Further study their safety both rare more common multifactorial needed.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Vegetal Extracts and Metabolites against Oxidative Stress and Associated Diseases: Studies in Caenorhabditis elegans

ACS Omega, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(10), P. 8936 - 8959

Published: Feb. 27, 2023

Oxidative stress is a natural physiological process where the levels of oxidants, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS), exceed strategy antioxidant defenses, culminating in interruption redox signaling control. associated with multiple pathologies, including premature aging, neurodegenerative diseases, obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, arthritis. It not yet clear whether oxidative cause or consequence these diseases; however, it has been shown that using compounds properties, particularly origin, could prevent slow down progress different pathologies. Within this context, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model served to study effect metabolites compounds, which helped decipher molecular targets on aging some diseases dyslipidemia. This article lists studies carried out C. extracts have tested against pathologies providing an overview discoveries area made nematode.

Language: Английский

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Advances in Treatment of Dyslipidemia

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(17), P. 13288 - 13288

Published: Aug. 27, 2023

Dyslipidemias have emerged as prevalent disorders among patients, posing significant risks for the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. These conditions are characterized by elevated levels total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C). This review delves into current treatment approach, focusing on equalizing these parameters while enhancing overall quality life patients. Through an extensive analysis clinical trials, we identify that necessitate alternative strategies, notably familial hypercholesterolemia. The primary objective this is to consolidate existing information concerning drugs with potential revolutionize dyslipidemia management significantly. Among promising pharmaceuticals, highlight alirocumab, bempedoic acid, antisense oligonucleotides, angiopoietin-like protein inhibitors, apolipoprotein C-III (APOC3) lomitapide, ester transfer (CETP) inhibitors. Our demonstrates pivotal roles played each in targeting specific lipid metabolism. We outline future landscape treatment, envisaging a more tailored effective therapeutic approach address widespread medical concern.

Language: Английский

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The Importance of Metabolic and Environmental Factors in the Occurrence of Oxidative Stress during Pregnancy

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(15), P. 11964 - 11964

Published: July 26, 2023

Metabolic changes in pregnant women begin the first weeks after conception under influence of placental hormones that affect metabolism all nutrients. An increased concentration total lipids accompanies pregnancy and an accumulation triglycerides low-density lipoproteins (LDL) particles. Lipids small dense LDL particles are more susceptible to oxidative modification than normal-density Unlike high-density (HDL), lipoprotein have atheroprotective role lipid metabolism. The very growth fetus depends on nutrition both parents, so obesity is not only mother but also father. Nutritional programming offspring occurs through leads risk for cardiometabolic diseases. Pregnancy accompanied by need oxygen mitochondria placenta a tendency develop stress. Oxidative stress represents disturbance balance oxidation–reduction processes body due excessive production free radicals cellular homeostatic mechanisms unable neutralize. When with antioxidant system disturbed, which happens when high concentrations, serious damage biological molecules occurs, resulting series pathophysiological pathological changes, including cell death. Therefore, plays significant pathogenesis many complications can occur during pregnancy. status influenced socioeconomic living conditions, lifestyle habits, diet, smoking, exposure environmental air pollution. During healthy pregnancy, altered profile create premature birth pregnancy-related diseases, predisposition adult

Language: Английский

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Blood Lipid Metabolic Profiles and Causal Links to Site-Specific Cancer Risks: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Nutrition and Cancer, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 76(2), P. 175 - 186

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

Observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have established links between dyslipidemia select cancer susceptibilities. However, there is a lack of comprehensive exploration causal relationships spanning diverse types. Here, we conducted two-sample MR analysis to elucidate the causative connections 9 blood lipid metabolic profiles (namely, adiponectin, leptin, lipoprotein A, apolipoprotein A1, B, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol) 21 site-specific risks. Our findings reveal genetically predicted adiponectin levels be associated with reduced ovarian risk, while determined leptin increases bladder risk but decreases prostate risk. Lipoprotein A elevates diminishing endometrial cancer, A1 heightens risks breast cervical cancers. Furthermore, elevated cholesterol are positively correlated kidney triglycerides demonstrate positive association non-melanoma skin negative cancer. Protective effects LDL-cholesterol on adverse HDL-cholesterol also observed. study conclusively establishes that exert susceptibility, providing more robust evidence for prevention prompting contemplation regarding future health human populace.

Language: Английский

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Functional Roles of Furin in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases

ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(3), P. 570 - 585

Published: Feb. 7, 2024

Furin plays a major role in post-translational modification of several biomolecules, including endogenous hormones, growth factors, and cytokines. Recent reports have demonstrated the association furin cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) humans. This review describes possible pathogenic contribution its substrates CVDs. Early-stage hypertension diabetes mellitus show negative correlation with furin. A reduction might promote by decreasing maturation B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) or shedding membrane (pro)renin receptor (PRR), which facilitates activation renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS). In diabetes, downregulation potentially leads to insulin resistance reducing receptor. contrast, progression other CVDs is associated an increase furin, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure. Upregulation type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), cleaves low-density lipoprotein (LDLR), contributing dyslipidemia. elevated levels possibly enhance related inflammation, cell proliferation, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition degradation. Neuronal death following stroke has also been shown involve (e.g., MT1-MMP, hepcidin, hemojuvelin). Moreover, substrates, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), endothelin-1 (ET-1), transforming factor-β1 (TGF-β1), are capable mediating hypertrophy, fibrosis MI Taken together, this evidence provides functional significance suggest potential novel therapeutic modality for management

Language: Английский

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Biosynthesis and Metabolism of ApoB-Containing Lipoproteins

Annual Review of Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44(1), P. 179 - 204

Published: April 18, 2024

Recent advances in human genetics, together with a substantial body of epidemiological, preclinical and clinical trial evidence, strongly support causal relationship between triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Consequently, the secretion metabolism TRLs have significant impact on health. This knowledge underscores importance understanding molecular mechanisms regulation very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) chylomicron biogenesis. Fortunately, there has been resurgence interest intracellular assembly, trafficking, degradation, VLDL, leading to many ground-breaking insights. Furthermore, identification control related triglyceride greatly advanced our complex TRLs. In this review, we explore recent secretion, We also discuss available treatment strategies for hypertriglyceridemia.

Language: Английский

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