Effect of once-daily, modified-release hydrocortisone versus standard glucocorticoid therapy on metabolism and innate immunity in patients with adrenal insufficiency (DREAM): a single-blind, randomised controlled trial

The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 6(3), P. 173 - 185

Published: Dec. 9, 2017

Language: Английский

---

The Mammalian Circadian Timing System and the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus as Its Pacemaker

Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. 13 - 13

Published: March 11, 2019

The past twenty years have witnessed the most remarkable breakthroughs in our understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms that underpin circadian (approximately one day) time-keeping. Across model organisms diverse taxa: cyanobacteria (

Language: Английский

---

Circadian regulation of depression: A role for serotonin

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 54, P. 100746 - 100746

Published: April 16, 2019

Language: Английский

---

Regulation of Postabsorptive and Postprandial Glucose Metabolism by Insulin-Dependent and Insulin-Independent Mechanisms: An Integrative Approach

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 159 - 159

Published: Jan. 6, 2021

Glucose levels in blood must be constantly maintained within a tight physiological range to sustain anabolism. Insulin regulates glucose homeostasis via its effects on production from the liver and kidneys disposal peripheral tissues (mainly skeletal muscle). Blood of are regulated simultaneously by insulin-mediated rates (and kidneys) removal muscle; adipose tissue is key partner this scenario, providing nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) as an alternative fuel for muscle when depleted. During sleep at night, gradual development insulin resistance, due growth hormone cortisol surges, ensures that will normal by: (a) switching NEFA oxidation (b) modulating liver/kidneys. After meals, several mechanisms (sequence/composition gastric emptying/intestinal absorption, gastrointestinal hormones, hyperglycemia mass action effects, insulin/glucagon secretion/action, de novo lipogenesis disposal) operate concert optimal regulation postprandial fluctuations. The contribution critical. preferentially used dispose over 50% ingested restrict acute increases bloodstream after thus protecting circulation adverse marked hyperinsulinemia.

Language: Английский

---

Trade-Offs (and Constraints) in Organismal Biology

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 95(1), P. 82 - 112

Published: Nov. 4, 2021

AbstractTrade-offs and constraints are inherent to life, studies of these phenomena play a central role in both organismal evolutionary biology. Trade-offs can be defined, categorized, studied at least six, not mutually exclusive, ways. (1) Allocation caused by limited resource (e.g., energy, time, space, essential nutrients), such that increasing allocation one component necessarily requires decrease another (if only two components involved, this is referred as the Y-model, e.g., energy devoted size versus number offspring). (2) Functional conflicts occur when features enhance performance task relative lengths in-levers out-levers, force-velocity trade-offs related muscle fiber type composition). (3) Shared biochemical pathways, often involving integrator molecules hormones, neurotransmitters, transcription factors), simultaneously affect multiple traits, with some effects being beneficial for or more Darwinian fitness survival, age first reproduction, fecundity) others detrimental. (4) Antagonistic pleiotropy describes genetic variants increase (or lower-level trait) while decreasing another. (5) Ecological circumstances selective regime) may impose trade-offs, foraging behavior increases availability yet also decreases survival. (6) Sexual selection lead elaboration (usually male) secondary sexual characters improve mating success but handicap survival and/or energetic costs reduce other components. Empirical search negative correlations between traits expected outcomes will generally inadequate if than involved especially complex physiological networks interacting traits. Moreover, populations experiencing harsh environmental conditions challenges extremes phenotypic distributions, among individuals species have exceptional athletic abilities. (partially) circumvented through various compensatory mechanisms, depending on timescale ranging from acute evolutionary. Going forward, pluralistic view constraints, combined integrative analyses cross levels biological organization traditional boundaries disciplines, study

Language: Английский

---

The multiple roles of life stress in metabolic disorders

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. 10 - 27

Published: Oct. 12, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Signalling cognition: the gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: June 19, 2023

Cognitive function in humans depends on the complex and interplay between multiple body systems, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The gut microbiota, which vastly outnumbers human cells has a genetic potential that exceeds of genome, plays crucial role this interplay. microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis is bidirectional signalling pathway operates through neural, endocrine, immune, metabolic pathways. One major neuroendocrine systems responding to stress HPA produces glucocorticoids such as cortisol corticosterone rodents. Appropriate concentrations are essential for normal neurodevelopment function, well cognitive processes learning memory, studies have shown microbes modulate throughout life. Stress can significantly impact MGB via other Animal research advanced our understanding these mechanisms pathways, leading paradigm shift conceptual thinking about influence microbiota health disease. Preclinical trials currently underway determine how animal models translate humans. In review article, we summarize current knowledge relationship axis, cognition, provide an overview main findings conclusions broad field.

Language: Английский

---

Adrenal insufficiency

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: March 11, 2021

Language: Английский

---

The Good and the Bad: Monocytes’ and Macrophages’ Diverse Functions in Inflammation

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 1979 - 1979

Published: June 20, 2022

Monocytes and macrophages are central players of the innate immune response play a pivotal role in regulation inflammation. Thereby, they actively participate all phases response, from initiating inflammation triggering adaptive through to clearance cell debris resolution In this review, we described mechanisms monocyte macrophage adaptation rapidly changing microenvironmental conditions discussed different forms polarization depending on environmental cues or pathophysiological condition. Therefore, special focus was placed tight pro- anti-inflammatory diverse functions S100A8/S100A9 proteins scavenger receptor CD163 were highlighted, respectively. We paid attention function under pathological conditions.

Language: Английский

---

Treating the Side Effects of Exogenous Glucocorticoids; Can We Separate the Good From the Bad?

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 44(6), P. 975 - 1011

Published: May 30, 2023

Abstract It is estimated that 2% to 3% of the population are currently prescribed systemic or topical glucocorticoid treatment. The potent anti-inflammatory action glucocorticoids deliver therapeutic benefit not in doubt. However, side effects associated with their use, including central weight gain, hypertension, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and osteoporosis, often collectively termed iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome, a significant health economic burden. precise cellular mechanisms underpinning differential drive desirable undesirable still completely understood. Faced unmet clinical need limit glucocorticoid-induced adverse alongside ensuring preservation actions, several strategies have been pursued. coprescription existing licensed drugs treat incident can be effective, but data examining prevention limited. Novel selective receptor agonists modulators designed aim specifically selectively activate responses based upon interaction receptor. Several these compounds trials evaluate efficacy. More recently, exploiting tissue-specific metabolism through isoforms 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase has shown early potential, although from any treatment maximize while minimizing risk, within this review we define effect profile use current developing preserve

Language: Английский

---