What fuels the fly: Energy metabolism in Drosophila and its application to the study of obesity and diabetes

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(24)

Published: June 9, 2021

Drosophila is a useful model system to study the regulation of energy metabolism and its diseases like obesity diabetes.

Language: Английский

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Metabolism and growth adaptation to environmental conditions in Drosophila

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 77(22), P. 4523 - 4551

Published: May 24, 2020

Organisms adapt to changing environments by adjusting their development, metabolism, and behavior improve chances of survival reproduction. To achieve such flexibility, organisms must be able sense respond changes in external environmental conditions internal state. Metabolic adaptation response altered nutrient availability is key maintaining energy homeostasis sustaining developmental growth. Furthermore, variables exert major influences on growth final adult body size animals. This plasticity depends adaptive responses state cues that are essential for processes. Genetic studies have shown the fruit fly Drosophila, similarly mammals, regulates its growth, environment through several hormones including insulin, peptides with glucagon-like function, steroid hormones. Here we review emerging evidence showing various sensed different organs that, via inter-organ communication, relay information neuroendocrine centers control insulin signaling. focuses endocrine regulation highlighting recent advances role system as a signaling hub integrates inputs drives responses.

Language: Английский

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Insulin-Like Peptides Regulate Feeding Preference and Metabolism in Drosophila

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Aug. 24, 2018

Fruit flies have eight identified Drosophila insulin-like peptides (DILPs) that are involved in the regulation of carbohydrate concentrations hemolymph as well accumulation storage metabolites. In present study, we investigated diet-dependent roles DILPs encoded by genes dilp1-5, and dilp7 insect appetite, food choice, triglycerides, glycogen, glucose, trehalose fruit fly bodies carbohydrates hemolymph. We found wild type mutant lines demonstrate compensatory feeding for carbohydrates. However, mutants on dilp2,3, dilp3, dilp5, showed higher consumption proteins high yeast diets. To evaluate metabolic differences between studied different diets applied response surface methodology. High nutrient led to a moderate increase concentration glucose flies. Mutations dilp changed this pattern. revealed dilp2 mutation drop glycogen levels independently diet, lack dilp3 dramatic circulating levels, especially at low protein consumption. Lack dilp5 decreased triglycerides all diets, whereas knockout caused simultaneous decrease triglyceride appetite was influenced genes. Our data contribute understanding model further studies diseases may serve guide uncovering evolution regulatory pathways.

Language: Английский

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Obesity and Aging in the Drosophila Model

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 19(7), P. 1896 - 1896

Published: June 27, 2018

Being overweight increases the risk of many metabolic disorders, but how it affects lifespan is not completely clear. Not all obese people become ill, and exact mechanism that turns excessive fat storage into a health-threatening state remains unknown. Drosophila melanogaster has served as an excellent model for diseases, including obesity, diabetes, hyperglycemia-associated such cardiomyopathy or nephropathy. Here, we review connections between aging in different types fly obesity. Whereas obesity induced by high-fat high-sugar diet associated with hyperglycemia, cardiomyopathy, some cases, shortening lifespan, there are also examples which correlates longevity. Transgenic lines downregulations insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IIS) target rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathways, flies reared under dietary restriction, even certain longevity selection obese, yet long-lived. The mechanisms underlie differential lifespans distinct remain to be elucidated, turnover, inflammatory dysregulations glucose metabolism may play key roles. Altogether, study physiology adiposity both health disease.

Language: Английский

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Insulin-Like Peptides and Cross-Talk With Other Factors in the Regulation of Insect Metabolism

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: June 29, 2021

The insulin-like peptide (ILP) and growth factor (IGF) signalling pathways play a crucial role in the regulation of metabolism, development, fecundity, stress resistance, lifespan. ILPs are encoded by multigene families that expressed nervous non-nervous organs, including midgut, salivary glands, fat body, tissue- stage-specific manner. Thus, more multidirectional complex control insect metabolism can occur. not only factors regulate metabolism. interact many cross-talk interactions different factors, for example, hormones (peptide nonpeptide), neurotransmitters factors. These observed at levels, three appear to be most prominent/significant: (1) coinfluence other on same target cells, (2) influence synthesis/secretion regulating (3) activity cells producing/secreting various For brain insulin-producing co-express sulfakinins (SKs), which cholecystokinin-like peptides, another key regulator express receptors tachykinin-related next involved It was also shown Drosophila melanogaster directly indirectly AKH. This review presents an overview regulatory peptides how these with players its regulation.

Language: Английский

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Chronic sublethal exposure to chlorantraniliprole inhibits growth and development by disrupting the sugar and fatty acid metabolism in Spodoptera frugiperda

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 208, P. 106302 - 106302

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Language: Английский

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Innate immune signaling in Drosophila shifts anabolic lipid metabolism from triglyceride storage to phospholipid synthesis to support immune function

PLoS Genetics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. e1009192 - e1009192

Published: Nov. 23, 2020

During infection, cellular resources are allocated toward the metabolically-demanding processes of synthesizing and secreting effector proteins that neutralize kill invading pathogens. In Drosophila , these effectors antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) produced in fat body, an organ also serves as a major lipid storage depot. Here we asked how activation Toll signaling larval body perturbs homeostasis to understand cells meet metabolic demands immune response. We find genetic or physiological leads tissue-autonomous reduction triglyceride is paralleled by decreased transcript levels DGAT homolog midway which carries out final step synthesis. contrast, Kennedy pathway enzymes synthesize membrane phospholipids induced. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed elevated phosphatidylcholine phosphatidylethanolamine species bodies with active signaling. The ER stress mediator Xbp1 contributed Toll-dependent induction enzymes, was blunted deleting AMP genes, thereby reducing secretory demand elicited activation. Consistent induction, volume expanded signaling, determined transmission electron microscopy. A functional consequence reduced impaired response bacterial infection. Our results establish induces shift anabolic metabolism favor phospholipid synthesis expansion may serve immediate for secretion but long-term insufficient nutrient storage.

Language: Английский

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Regulation of insulin and adipokinetic hormone/glucagon production in flies

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(2)

Published: Aug. 4, 2019

Abstract Metabolic homeostasis is under strict regulation of humoral factors across various taxa. In particular, insulin and glucagon, referred to in Drosophila as insulin‐like peptides (DILPs) adipokinetic hormone (AKH), respectively, are key hormones that regulate metabolism most metazoa. While much known about the DILPs, mechanisms regulating AKH/glucagon production still poorly understood. this review, we describe DILPs AKH emphasize need for future studies decipher how energy governed . This article categorized under: Invertebrate Organogenesis > Flies Signaling Pathways Global Mechanisms

Language: Английский

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Origin and Development of the Adipose Tissue, a Key Organ in Physiology and Disease

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Dec. 21, 2021

Adipose tissue is a dynamic organ, well known for its function in energy storage and mobilization according to nutrient availability body needs, charge of keeping the energetic balance organism. During last decades, adipose has emerged as largest endocrine organ human body, being able secrete hormones inflammatory molecules having an important impact multiple processes such adipogenesis, metabolism chronic inflammation. However, cellular progenitors, development, homeostasis different types are not fully known. decade, Drosophila melanogaster demonstrated be excellent model tackle some open questions field development endocrine/metabolic organs. Discoveries ranged from new regulating obesity subcellular mechanisms that regulate lipogenesis lipolysis. Here, we review available evidences on functions identify gaps future research. This may help understand molecular mechanism underlying pathophysiology this fascinating key tissue, contributing establish therapeutic target.

Language: Английский

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A nutrient-responsive hormonal circuit mediates an inter-tissue program regulating metabolic homeostasis in adult Drosophila

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Aug. 30, 2021

Abstract Animals maintain metabolic homeostasis by modulating the activity of specialized organs that adjust internal metabolism to external conditions. However, hormonal signals coordinating these functions are incompletely characterized. Here we show six neurosecretory cells in Drosophila central nervous system respond circulating nutrient levels releasing Capa hormones, homologs mammalian neuromedin U, which activate receptor (CapaR) peripheral tissues control energy homeostasis. Loss Capa/CapaR signaling causes intestinal hypomotility and impaired absorption, gradually deplete stores reduce organismal lifespan. Conversely, increased increases fluid waste excretion. Furthermore, inhibits release glucagon-like adipokinetic hormone from corpora cardiaca, restricts mobilization adipose tissue avoid harmful hyperglycemia. Our results suggest circuit occupies a node homeostatic program facilitates digestion absorption nutrients regulates systemic balance.

Language: Английский

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