Features of Retinal Neurogenesis as a Key Factor of Age-Related Neurodegeneration: Myth or Reality?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(14), P. 7373 - 7373

Published: July 9, 2021

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that constitutes the most common cause of irreversible blindness in elderly developed countries. Incomplete knowledge about its pathogenesis prevents search for effective methods prevention and treatment AMD, primarily "dry" type which by far (90% all AMD cases). In recent years, has become "younger": late stages are now detected relatively young people. It known pathogenesis-according to age-related structural functional changes retina-is linked with inflammation, hypoxia, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, an impairment neurotrophic support, but mechanisms trigger conversion normal pathological process as well reason early development remain unclear. adult mammalian retina, de novo neurogenesis very limited. Therefore, features arise during maturation formation can exert long-term effects on further ontogenesis this tissue. The aim review was discuss possible contributions changes/disturbances retinal AMD.

Language: Английский

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Development of astrocyte morphology and function in mouse visual thalamus

The Journal of Comparative Neurology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 530(7), P. 945 - 962

Published: Oct. 12, 2021

The rodent visual thalamus has served as a powerful model to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie sensory circuit formation function. Despite significant advances in our understanding of role axon-target interactions neural activity orchestrating thalamus, non-neuronal cells, such astrocytes, is less clear. In fact, we know little about transcriptional identity development astrocytes mouse thalamus. To address this gap knowledge, studied expression canonical astrocyte molecules using immunostaining, situ hybridization, reporter lines. While data suggests some level heterogeneity different nuclei majority thalamic appeared be labeled Aldh1l1-EGFP mice. This led us use transgenic line characterize neonatal postnatal these cells Our show not only have entire cohort migrated into by eye-opening but they also acquired their adult-like morphology, even while retinogeniculate synapses are still maturing. Furthermore, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, functional approaches revealed eye-opening, ensheathe capable efficient uptake glutamate. Taken together, results reveal morphological, anatomical, occurs prior emergence experience-dependent activity.

Language: Английский

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Retinal waves in adaptive rewiring networks orchestrate convergence and divergence in the visual system

Network Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(3), P. 653 - 672

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Spontaneous retinal wave activity shaping the visual system is a complex neurodevelopmental phenomenon. Retinal ganglion cells are hubs through which diverges throughout system. We consider how these divergent emerge, using an adaptively rewiring neural network model. Adaptive models show in principled way brains could achieve their topologies. Modular small-world structures with rich-club effects and circuits of convergent-divergent units emerge as networks evolve, driven by own spontaneous activity. Arbitrary nodes initially random model were designated cells. They intermittently exposed to waveform, evolved adaptive rewiring. A significant proportion developed into within characteristic architecture. The depends parametrically on incidence rate. Higher rates increase likelihood hub formation, while increasing potential cell death. In addition, direct neighbors differentiate like amacrine divergence observed resulted enhanced convergence downstream, suggesting that waves control formation lateral geniculate nuclei. conclude stochastically distribution converging diverging evolving networks.

Language: Английский

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Axon arrival times and physical occupancy establish visual projection neuron integration on developing dendrites in the Drosophila optic glomeruli

Published: May 9, 2024

Behaviorally relevant, higher order representations of an animal’s environment are built from the convergence visual features encoded in early stages processing. Although developmental mechanisms that generate feature encoding channels circuits have been uncovered, relatively little is known about direct to enable appropriate integration into downstream circuits. Here we explore development a collision detection sensorimotor circuit Drosophila melanogaster , projection neurons (VPNs) onto dendrites large descending neuron, giant fiber (GF). We find VPNs different establish their respective territories on GF through sequential axon arrival during development. Physical occupancy, but not activity, important maintain territories. Ablation one VPN results expansion remaining and functional compensation enables retain responses ethologically relevant stimuli. observed using pupal electrophysiology preparation, appears after established, likely contributes later synapse assembly refinement. Our data highlight temporal for promote optic glomeruli, where connectivity resides, as powerful model investigating complex wiring programs plasticity.

Language: Английский

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Axon arrival times and physical occupancy establish visual projection neuron integration on developing dendrites in the Drosophila optic glomeruli

Published: May 9, 2024

Behaviorally relevant, higher order representations of an animal’s environment are built from the convergence visual features encoded in early stages processing. Although developmental mechanisms that generate feature encoding channels circuits have been uncovered, relatively little is known about direct to enable appropriate integration into downstream circuits. Here we explore development a collision detection sensorimotor circuit Drosophila melanogaster , projection neurons (VPNs) onto dendrites large descending neuron, giant fiber (GF). We find VPNs different establish their respective territories on GF through sequential axon arrival during development. Physical occupancy, but not activity, important maintain territories. Ablation one VPN results expansion remaining and functional compensation enables retain responses ethologically relevant stimuli. observed using pupal electrophysiology preparation, appears after established, likely contributes later synapse assembly refinement. Our data highlight temporal for promote optic glomeruli, where connectivity resides, as powerful model investigating complex wiring programs plasticity.

Language: Английский

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