Coexistence within one cell of microvillous and ciliary phototransductions across M1- through M6-IpRGCs DOI Creative Commons
Guang Li, Lujing Chen,

Zheng Jiang

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(52)

Published: Dec. 18, 2023

Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) serve as primary photoceptors by expressing the photopigment, melanopsin, and also relay neurons for rod cone signals en route to brain, in both cases purpose of non-image vision well aspects image vision. So far, six subtypes ipRGCs (M1 through M6) have been characterized. Regarding their phototransduction mechanisms, we previously found that, unconventionally, rhabdomeric (microvillous) ciliary signaling motifs co-exist within a given M1-, M2-, M4-ipRGC, with first mechanism involving PLCβ4 TRPC6,7 channels second cAMP HCN channels. We now examined M3-, M5-, M6-cells that each cell likewise uses pathways phototransduction, despite differences percentage representation pathway ipRGC subtype bright-flash responses (and saturated except M6-cells). Generally, M3- M5-cells show quite similar kinetics M2-responses, M6-cell resemble broadly those M1-cells although much lower absolute sensitivity amplitude. Therefore, vision, possess same mechanism(s) even though they do not microvilli or cilia morphologically.

Language: Английский

Brain washing and neural health: role of age, sleep, and the cerebrospinal fluid melatonin rhythm DOI
Russel J. Reıter, Ramaswamy Sharma, Maira Smaniotto Cucielo

et al.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 80(4)

Published: March 14, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

29
An Expanding Role for Nonvisual Opsins in Extraocular Light Sensing Physiology DOI Creative Commons

Mutahar Andrabi,

Brian A. Upton, Richard A. Lang

et al.

Annual Review of Vision Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 245 - 267

Published: May 17, 2023

We live on a planet that is bathed in daily and seasonal sunlight cycles. In this context, terrestrial life forms have evolved mechanisms directly harness light energy (plants) or decode information for adaptive advantage. animals, the main sensors are family of G protein-coupled receptors called opsins. Opsin function best described visual sense. However, most animals also use opsins extraocular sensing behavior camouflage. While it has long been believed mammals do not an capacity, recent evidence suggests otherwise. Notably, encephalopsin (OPN3) neuropsin (OPN5) both known to mediate mice. Examples mediation include photoentrainment circadian clocks skin (by OPN5) acute light-dependent regulation metabolic pathways OPN3 OPN5). This review summarizes current findings expanding field photoreception their relevance human physiology.

Language: Английский

Citations

28
Retinal TRP channels: Cell-type-specific regulators of retinal homeostasis and multimodal integration DOI Creative Commons
David Križaj,

Soenke Cordeiro,

Olaf Strauß

et al.

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 92, P. 101114 - 101114

Published: Sept. 24, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

38
Rhodopsins: An Excitingly Versatile Protein Species for Research, Development and Creative Engineering DOI Creative Commons

Willem J. de Grip,

Srividya Ganapathy

Frontiers in Chemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: June 22, 2022

The first member and eponym of the rhodopsin family was identified in 1930s as visual pigment rod photoreceptor cell animal retina. It found to be a membrane protein, owing its photosensitivity presence covalently bound chromophoric group. This group, derived from vitamin A, appropriately dubbed retinal. In 1970s microbial counterpart this species discovered an archaeon, being protein also harbouring retinal chromophore, named bacteriorhodopsin. Since their discovery photogenic panorama unfolded, where up date new members subspecies with variety light-driven functionality have been added family. branch, meanwhile categorized type-2 rhodopsins, turned out form large subclass superfamily G protein-coupled receptors are essential multiple elements light-dependent sensory physiology. type-1 largely function ion pumps or channels, but contain sensory-active enzyme-sustaining subspecies. review we will follow development exciting representative number highlights present prospect extraordinary future potential.

Language: Английский

Citations

28
Brief exposure to directionally-specific pulsed electromagnetic fields stimulates extracellular vesicle release and is antagonized by streptomycin: A potential regenerative medicine and food industry paradigm DOI Creative Commons
Craig Jun Kit Wong, Yee Kit Tai,

Jasmine Lye Yee Yap

et al.

Biomaterials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 287, P. 121658 - 121658

Published: July 6, 2022

Pulsing electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) have been shown to promote in vitro and vivo myogeneses via mitohormetic survival adaptations of which secretome activation is a key component. A single 10-min exposure donor myoblast cultures 1.5 mT amplitude PEMFs produced conditioned media (pCM) capable enhancing the myogenesis recipient similar degree as direct magnetic exposure. Downwardly-directed greater responses than upwardly-directed adherent fluid-suspended myoblasts. The suspension paradigm allowed for rapid concentrating secreted factors, particularly extracellular vesicles. brief conditioning basal from magnetically-stimulated myoblasts was conferring supplemented with fetal bovine serum (5%). Downward-directed fields, applied directly cells or form pCM, upregulated protein expression TRPC channels, markers cell cycle progression myogenesis. Direct mild oxidative stress, whereas pCM provision did not, providing advantage on cells. Streptomycin, TRP channel antagonist, precluded production myogenic pCM. We present methodology employing non-invasive PEMF-exposure effectively stimulate release commercial clinical exploitation.

Language: Английский

Citations

24
Harmonizing Magnetic Mitohormetic Regenerative Strategies: Developmental Implications of a Calcium–Mitochondrial Axis Invoked by Magnetic Field Exposure DOI Creative Commons
Alfredo Franco‐Obregón

Bioengineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 1176 - 1176

Published: Oct. 10, 2023

Mitohormesis is a process whereby mitochondrial stress responses, mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), act cumulatively to either instill survival adaptations (low ROS levels) or produce cell damage (high levels). The mitohormetic nature of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure thus makes it susceptible extraneous influences that also impinge on production and contribute the collective response. Consequently, magnetic stimulation paradigms are prone experimental variability depending diverse circumstances. failure, inability, control for these factors has contributed existing discrepancies between published reports in interpretations made from results generated therein. Confounding environmental include ambient fields, temperature, mechanical environment, conventional use aminoglycoside antibiotics. Biological type seeding density as well developmental, inflammatory, senescence statuses cells depend prior handling sample. Technological aspects directionality, uniformity, amplitude, duration exposure. All will exhibit manifestations at level culminate unified cellular response conjunction with Fortunately, many under experimenter. This review focus delineating areas requiring technical biological harmonization assist designing therapeutic strategies more clearly defined better predicted outcomes improve mechanistic interpretation data, rather than precise applications. explore underlying similarities other forms biophysical stimuli, such mutually induce elevations intracellular calcium prerequisite outcome. These stimuli commonly invoke activity transient receptor potential cation channel classes, TRPC1.

Language: Английский

Citations

11
Magnetically Stimulated Myogenesis Recruits a CRY2-TRPC1 Photosensitive Signaling Axis DOI Creative Commons
Jan Nikolas Iversen, Yee Kit Tai,

Kwan Yu Wu

et al.

Cells, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 231 - 231

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

The cryptochromes are flavoproteins that either individually or synergistically respond to light and magnetic field directionality as well implicated in circadian rhythm entrainment development. Single brief exposures (10 min) low energy (1.5 mT) pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) were previously shown enhance myogenesis by stimulating transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRPC1)-mediated Ca2+ entry, whereby downwardly directed produced greater myogenic enhancement than upwardly fields. Here, we show growth the dark results myoblasts losing their sensitivity both exposure directionality. By contrast, overexpressing silencing cryptochrome regulator 2 (CRY2) enhances reduces PEMF responses, respectively, under conditions of ambient light. Reducing cellular flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) content riboflavin kinase (RFK) attenuated responsiveness PEMFs inhibited selectivity for direction. upregulation TRPC1 cell cycle regulatory proteins typically observed response was instead fields, darkness, shielding, CRY2 RFK. A physical interaction between detected using coimmunoprecipitation immunofluorescence, revealing co-translocation into nucleus after exposure. These implicate an identified TRPC1-dependent magnetotransduction cascade.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
A non-canonical retina-ipRGCs-SCN-PVT visual pathway for mediating contagious itch behavior DOI Creative Commons
Fang Gao, Jun Ma, Yao‐Qing Yu

et al.

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 41(1), P. 111444 - 111444

Published: Oct. 1, 2022

Contagious itch behavior informs conspecifics of adverse environment and is crucial for the survival social animals. Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) its receptor (GRPR) in suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) hypothalamus mediates contagious mice. Here, we show that intrinsically photosensitive retina ganglion cells (ipRGCs) convey visual information, independently melanopsin, from to GRP neurons via PACAP-PAC1R signaling. Moreover, GRPR relay information paraventricular thalamus (PVT). Surprisingly, neither cortex nor superior colliculus involved itch. In vivo calcium imaging extracellular recordings reveal itch-specific neural dynamics neurons. Thus, propose retina-ipRGC-SCN-PVT pathway constitutes a previously unknown probably evolved motion vision encodes salient environmental cues enables animals imitate behaviors as an anticipatory mechanism cope with conditions.

Language: Английский

Citations

15
The Developmental Implications of Muscle-Targeted Magnetic Mitohormesis: A Human Health and Longevity Perspective DOI Creative Commons
Alfredo Franco‐Obregón, Yee Kit Tai,

Kwan Yu Wu

et al.

Bioengineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. 956 - 956

Published: Aug. 12, 2023

Muscle function reflects muscular mitochondrial status, which, in turn, is an adaptive response to physical activity, representing improvements energy production for de novo biosynthesis or metabolic efficiency. Differences muscle performance are manifestations of the expression distinct contractile-protein isoforms and mitochondrial-energy substrate utilization. Powerful contractures require immediate from carbohydrates outside mitochondria that exhaust rapidly. Sustained contractions aerobic fatty acids by slower produces less force. These two patterns force generation broadly classified as glycolytic oxidative, respectively, disparate levels increased contractile protein production, be effectively executed. Glycolytic muscle, hence, tends towards fibre hypertrophy, whereas oxidative fibres more disposed content efficiency, rather than hypertrophy. Although developmentally predetermined classes exist, a degree functional plasticity persists across all muscles post-birth can modulated exercise generally results increase character muscle. Oxidative most strongly correlated with organismal balance longevity because propensity fatty-acid oxidation associated anti-inflammatory ramifications which occur at expense glycolytic-muscle development This muscle-class size disparity often odds common expectations mass should scale positively improved health longevity. Brief magnetic-field activation pool has been shown recapitulate key aspects oxidative-muscle phenotype similar hallmarks. review discusses genetic cascades invoked endurance therapy potential physiological differences regards human Future studies examining consequences warranted.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
The Variety of Mechanosensitive Ion Channels in Retinal Neurons DOI Open Access

Ji‐Jie Pang

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(9), P. 4877 - 4877

Published: April 30, 2024

Alterations in intraocular and external pressure critically involve the pathogenesis of glaucoma, traumatic retinal injury (TRI), other disorders, neurons have been reported to express multiple mechanical-sensitive channels (MSCs) recent decades. However, role MSCs visual functions pressure-related conditions has unclear. This review will focus on variety functional significance permeable K

Language: Английский

Citations

3