Fungal secondary metabolism: regulation, function and drug discovery

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 167 - 180

Published: Dec. 10, 2018

Language: Английский

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Safety of the fungal workhorses of industrial biotechnology: update on the mycotoxin and secondary metabolite potential of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, and Trichoderma reesei

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 102(22), P. 9481 - 9515

Published: Oct. 6, 2018

This review presents an update on the current knowledge of secondary metabolite potential major fungal species used in industrial biotechnology, i.e., Aspergillus niger, oryzae, and Trichoderma reesei. These have a long history safe use for enzyme production. Like most microorganisms that exist challenging environment nature, these fungi can produce large variety number metabolites. Many compounds present several properties make them attractive different medical applications. A description all known metabolites produced by is presented here. Mycotoxins are very limited group be pose health hazards humans other vertebrates when ingested small amounts. Some mycotoxins species-specific. Here, we scientific basis (1) definition including their toxicity (2) clarity misclassification mycotoxin reported literature, e.g., A. oryzae has been wrongly as aflatoxin producer, due to flavus strains. It therefore paramount importance accurately describe potentially production organism ensure strains not capable producing during intended reference paper authorities, companies, researchers dealing with assessment, risk evaluation food or feed production, considerations hosts.

Language: Английский

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The birth, evolution and death of metabolic gene clusters in fungi

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 16(12), P. 731 - 744

Published: Sept. 7, 2018

Language: Английский

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Genomes and secretomes of Ascomycota fungi reveal diverse functions in plant biomass decomposition and pathogenesis

BMC Genomics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Dec. 1, 2019

Abstract Background The dominant fungi in arid grasslands and shrublands are members of the Ascomycota phylum. important drivers carbon nitrogen cycling ecosystems. These play roles soil stability, plant biomass decomposition, endophytic interactions with plants. They may also form symbiotic associations biocrust components or be latent saprotrophs pathogens that live on tissues. However, their functional potential soils, where organic matter, nutrients water very low only periodically available, is poorly characterized. Results Five were isolated from different crust microhabitats rhizosphere soils around native bunchgrass Pleuraphis jamesii an grassland near Moab, UT, USA. Putative genera Coniochaeta , lichen biocrust, Embellisia cyanobacteria Chaetomium below Phoma a moss microhabitat, Aspergillus soil. grown replicate cultures sources (chitin, pine wood) relevant to sources. Secretomes produced by each substrate demonstrate these likely interact primary producers (biocrust plants) secreting wide range proteins facilitate associations. Each fungal isolates secreted enzymes degrade biomass, small effector proteins, involved either beneficial virulence. expressed more degrading when grass- pine-containing than chitin. similar numbers under all conditions, while grass-containing cultures. Conclusions This study genomes secretomes provides insights about lifestyles grassland, exact nature those interactions, whether any true endophytes, opportunistic phytopathogens, will topic future studies.

Language: Английский

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Endophytic Fungi: From Symbiosis to Secondary Metabolite Communications or Vice Versa?

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Dec. 17, 2021

Endophytic fungi (EF) are a group of fascinating host-associated fungal communities that colonize the intercellular or intracellular spaces host tissues, providing beneficial effects to their hosts while gaining advantages. In recent decades, accumulated research on endophytic has revealed biodiversity, wide-ranging ecological distribution, and multidimensional interactions with plants other microbiomes in symbiotic continuum. this review, we highlight role secondary metabolites (SMs) as effectors these interactions, biosynthesis SMs symbiosis via complex gene expression regulation mechanisms continuum mimicry alteration phytochemical production plants. Alternative biological applications modern medicine, agriculture, industry major classes also discussed. This review recapitulates an introduction background, progress, prospects biology, discusses problems substantive challenges need further study.

Language: Английский

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Metabolic Gene Clusters in Eukaryotes

Annual Review of Genetics, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 52(1), P. 159 - 183

Published: Sept. 5, 2018

In bacteria, more than half of the genes in genome are organized operons. contrast, eukaryotes, functionally related usually dispersed across genome. There are, however, numerous examples functional clusters nonhomologous for metabolic pathways fungi and plants. Despite superficial similarities with operons (physical clustering, coordinate regulation), these have not originated by horizontal gene transfer from (unlike operons) typically transcribed separately rather as a single polycistronic message. This clustering phenomenon raises intriguing questions about origins clustered eukaryotes significance pathway function. Here we review plants, highlight commonalities differences, consider how form regulated. We also identify opportunities future research areas large-scale genomics, synthetic biology, experimental evolution.

Language: Английский

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Biosynthetic gene clusters and the evolution of fungal chemodiversity

Natural Product Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 37(7), P. 868 - 878

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

This highlight synthesizes knowledge of the molecular evolutionary processes – functional divergence, horizontal transfer, andde novoassembly that govern biosynthetic gene cluster diversification and generation chemodiversity in fungi.

Language: Английский

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Distinct microbes, metabolites, and ecologies define the microbiome in deficient and proficient mismatch repair colorectal cancers

Genome Medicine, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Oct. 24, 2018

Links between colorectal cancer (CRC) and the gut microbiome have been established, but specific microbial species their role in carcinogenesis remain an active area of inquiry. Our understanding would be enhanced by better accounting for tumor subtype, community interactions, metabolism, ecology.

Language: Английский

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Pan-genome analyses of model fungal species

Microbial Genomics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 5(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2019

The concept of the species ‘pan-genome’, union ‘core’ conserved genes and all ‘accessory’ non-conserved across strains a species, was first proposed in prokaryotes to account for intraspecific variability. Species pan-genomes have been extensively studied prokaryotes, but evidence has also demonstrated eukaryotes such as plants fungi. Using previously published methodology based on sequence homology microsynteny, addition bespoke pipelines, we investigated four model fungal species: Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Candida albicans Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii Aspergillus fumigatus . Between 80 90 % gene models per strain each these are core that highly many which involved housekeeping survival processes. In remaining clustered within subterminal regions may be pathogenesis antimicrobial resistance. Analysis ancestry accessory genomes suggests evolve by strain-level innovations duplication opposed wide-scale horizontal transfer. Our findings lend further supporting existence eukaryote taxa.

Language: Английский

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Fumagillin, a Mycotoxin of Aspergillus fumigatus: Biosynthesis, Biological Activities, Detection, and Applications

Toxins, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 7 - 7

Published: Dec. 20, 2019

Fumagillin is a mycotoxin produced, above all, by the saprophytic filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. This mold an opportunistic pathogen that can cause invasive aspergillosis, disease has high mortality rates linked to it. Its ability adapt environmental stresses through production of secondary metabolites, including several mycotoxins (gliotoxin, fumagillin, pseurotin A, etc.) also seem play important role in causing these infections. Since discovery A. fumigatus fumagillin 1949, many studies have focused on this toxin and review we gather all information currently available. First structural characteristics different methods developed for its determination are given detail. Then, biosynthetic gene cluster metabolic pathway involved regulation explained. The activity target, methionine aminopeptidase type 2 (MetAP2) enzyme, effects blocking enzyme host described. Finally, applications derivatives fields, such as treatment cancer microsporicidal honeybee hive infections with Nosema spp., reviewed. Therefore, work offers complete related secreted fumigatus, because fungal infection process but it other applications, notably beekeeping, infectious diseases, oncology.

Language: Английский

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