When pets become pests: the role of the exotic pet trade in producing invasive vertebrate animals

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 323 - 330

Published: June 3, 2019

The annual trade in exotic vertebrates as pets is a multi‐billion‐dollar global business. Thousands of species, and tens millions individual animals, are shipped both internationally within countries to satisfy this demand. Most research on the pet has focused its contribution native biodiversity loss disease spread. Here, we synthesize information across taxa disciplines document trade's vertebrate biological invasions. We show recent substantial worldwide growth number non‐native animal populations introduced via invasion pathway, which demonstrates strong potential increase invasive animals future. Key addressing threat learning more about socioeconomic forces that drive massive market socioecological factors underlie release by owners. These likely vary according cultural pet‐keeping traditions regions whether purchases were legal or illegal. gaps our understanding must be addressed order implement effective policy solutions.

Language: Английский

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The Ecology of Tropical East Asia

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 27, 2019

Abstract Tropical East Asia is home to over 1 billion people and faces massive human impacts from its rising population rapid economic growth. It has already lost more than half of forest cover the highest rates deforestation logging in tropics. Hunting trade wildlife products threaten all large many smaller vertebrates. Despite these problems, region still supports an estimated 15–25 per cent global terrestrial biodiversity thus a key focus for conservation. This book therefore deals with plants, animals, ecosystems they inhabit, as well diverse threats their survival options provides background knowledge region’s ecology needed by both specialists non-specialists put own work into broader context. The first edition was describe entire Asian tropics subtropics, southern China western Indonesia, second extended coverage include very similar Northeast India, Bangladesh, Bhutan. third updates contents gives prominence Anthropocene possible conservation responses. accessible style, comprehensive coverage, engaging illustrations make this advanced textbook essential read senior undergraduate graduate-level students studying tropics, authoritative reference professional ecologists, conservationists, interested amateurs worldwide.

Language: Английский

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Why Are Invasive Plants Successful?

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 74(1), P. 635 - 670

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

Plant invasions, a byproduct of globalization, are increasing worldwide. Because their ecological and economic impacts, considerable efforts have been made to understand predict the success non-native plants. Numerous frameworks, hypotheses, theories advanced conceptualize interactions multiple drivers context dependence invasion with aim achieving robust explanations predictive power. We review these from community-level perspective rather than biogeographical one, focusing on terrestrial systems, explore roles intrinsic plant properties in determining species invasiveness, as well effects biotic abiotic conditions mediating ecosystem invasibility (or resistance) evolutionary processes. also consider fundamental influences human-induced changes at scales ranging local global triggering, promoting, sustaining invasions discuss how could alter future trajectories.

Language: Английский

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Naturalized alien floras still carry the legacy of European colonialism

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(11), P. 1723 - 1732

Published: Oct. 17, 2022

Language: Английский

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A synthesis of biological invasion hypotheses associated with the introduction–naturalisation–invasion continuum

Oikos, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2023(5)

Published: Jan. 27, 2023

With the advent of Anthropocene, biological invasions have reached an unprecedented level, and number species introductions is still increasing in ever‐changing world. Despite major advances invasion science, significant debate lack clarity remain surrounding determinants success introduced species, magnitude dimensions their impact, mechanisms sustaining successful invasions. Empirical studies show divergent impacts alien populations on ecosystems contrasting effects biotic abiotic factors dynamics populations, which hinders creation a unified theory Compounding these issues plethora hypotheses that aim to explain success, can be unclear contradictory. We propose synthesis categorizes along timeline invasion. sorted timeline, considered population, community ecosystem levels. This temporal sorting concepts shows each relevant at specific stage Although empirical findings may appear contradictory, when mapped onto they combined complementary way. An overall scheme proposed summarise theoretical subjected For any given case study, this framework provides guide through maze theories should help choose appropriate according

Language: Английский

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How and why species are rare: towards an understanding of the ecological causes of rarity

Ecography, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(2)

Published: Jan. 15, 2024

The three‐dimensional rarity typology proposed by Rabinowitz in 1981, based on geographic range, habitat specificity, and local abundance, is among the most widely used frameworks for describing ecological conservation research. While this framework descriptive not meant to explain causes of rarity, recent advances ecology may be leveraged add explanatory power. Here we present a macroecological exploration its underlying causes. We propose modification Rabinowitz's better distinguish between dimensions processes that drive them, explore implications our modified framework. occupancy (the proportion occupied sites within species' range) as axis, recast specificity cause thus yielding classification range size, occupancy, abundance. Under framework, specialists are no longer considered rare if they widespread abundant; argue more accurately identifies truly species, common their abundant. Finally, draw theoretical literature identify key associated traits each axis. In respect, four (environmental filtering, movement, demography interactions), hypothesise size primarily driven environmental filtering whereas abundance strongly influenced interactions. further use theory concerns with measures suitable conserving different types species. Our work provide basis developing hypotheses about particular focal taxa or groups, inform development targeted strategies.

Language: Английский

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Invasive aquatic pets: failed policies increase risks of harmful invasions

Biodiversity and Conservation, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 27(11), P. 3037 - 3046

Published: June 18, 2018

Businesses in the pet trade collect and transport many aquatic species around globe, some of these individuals are released into new habitats. Some jurisdictions have introduced laws intended to regulate this trade, but regulations rarely had desired effects. Laws regarding pets often poorly communicated, enforced, not aligned with hobbyists' beliefs. Consequently, may increase number unwanted introductions instead decreasing them. A significant change approach is needed, involving far greater communication scientists, administrations, politicians, industry, owners, promoting euthanasia rather than release, creation promotion "white lists" low risk that can be sold trade.

Language: Английский

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Invasion syndromes: a systematic approach for predicting biological invasions and facilitating effective management

Biological Invasions, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 22(5), P. 1801 - 1820

Published: March 2, 2020

Abstract Our ability to predict invasions has been hindered by the seemingly idiosyncratic context-dependency of individual invasions. However, we argue that robust and useful generalisations in invasion science can be made considering “invasion syndromes” which define as “a combination pathways, alien species traits, characteristics recipient ecosystem collectively result predictable dynamics impacts, managed effectively using specific policy management actions”. We describe this approach outline examples highlight its utility, including: cacti with clonal fragmentation arid ecosystems; small aquatic organisms introduced through ballast water harbours; large ranid frogs frequent secondary transfers; piscivorous freshwater fishes connected plant high-elevation areas; tall-statured grasses; tree-feeding insects forests suitable hosts. propose a systematic method for identifying delimiting syndromes. syndromes account biological while incorporating insights from comparative studies. Adopting will help structure thinking, identify transferrable risk assessment lessons, similarities among events were previously considered disparate phenomena.

Language: Английский

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Pet problems: Biological and economic factors that influence the release of alien reptiles and amphibians by pet owners

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 55(6), P. 2632 - 2640

Published: Aug. 21, 2018

Abstract The number of alien reptiles and amphibians introduced established worldwide has increased over the last decades. legal pet trade is now dominant pathway by which individuals these species arrive in their non‐native locale. Despite its importance, specific factors that influence release (introduction) exotic have not yet been examined. We set out to identify broadscale easily measured biological economic pets owners. hypothesize reflect cost care, value owners place on pet, both can probability when a released. collected life history data 1,722 sold within US as 18 years. also compiled list trade‐attributed releases (i.e., all free‐living regardless whether they successfully established). used boosted regression trees correlate status with life‐history traits attributes ( r 2 = 0.51, AUC 0.89). found high being released were imported at higher quantities our period record, relatively large adult mass commanded cheaper retail prices. price interacted longevity produce nonlinear increases probability. most important interaction revealed large‐bodied three times compared lower quantities. Policy implications . Our results provide guidance towards targeting reptile amphibian are risk Species prevalent or long‐lived highest This will aid developing education policy solutions aimed decreasing rate released, thus curtailing invasion process before establish impacts occur.

Language: Английский

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Loss of functional diversity through anthropogenic extinctions of island birds is not offset by biotic invasions

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(46)

Published: Nov. 10, 2021

Anthropogenic extinctions and alien establishments cause an overall loss of functional diversity island bird communities.

Language: Английский

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