SARS-CoV-2 reservoir in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC)

Nature Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(10), P. 1616 - 1627

Published: Sept. 4, 2023

Language: Английский

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Long COVID: pathophysiological factors and abnormalities of coagulation

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(6), P. 321 - 344

Published: April 19, 2023

Acute COVID-19 infection is followed by prolonged symptoms in approximately one ten cases: known as Long COVID. The disease affects ~65 million individuals worldwide. Many pathophysiological processes appear to underlie COVID, including viral factors (persistence, reactivation, and bacteriophagic action of SARS CoV-2); host (chronic inflammation, metabolic endocrine dysregulation, immune autoimmunity); downstream impacts (tissue damage from the initial infection, tissue hypoxia, dysbiosis, autonomic nervous system dysfunction). These mechanisms culminate long-term persistence disorder characterized a thrombotic endothelialitis, endothelial hyperactivated platelets, fibrinaloid microclots. abnormalities blood vessels coagulation affect every organ represent unifying pathway for various

Language: Английский

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Persistent circulation of soluble and extracellular vesicle‐linked Spike protein in individuals with postacute sequelae of COVID‐19

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 95(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

ABSTRACT SARS‐CoV‐2, the causative agent of COVID‐19 disease, has resulted in death millions worldwide since beginning pandemic December 2019. While much progress been made to understand acute manifestations SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, less is known about post‐acute sequelae (PASC). We investigated levels both Spike protein (Spike) and viral RNA circulating patients hospitalized with without PASC. found that were more likely be present Among these patients, 30% positive for RNA; whereas, none individuals PASC both. The and/or PASC+ve increased or remained same as phase; PASC−ve group, components decreased totally absent. Additionally, this first report show part linked extracellular vesicles any presence vesicles. In conclusion, our findings suggest fragments persist recovered up 1 year longer after infection.

Language: Английский

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Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Infection, EBV, HHV-6 and Other Factors May Contribute to Inflammation and Autoimmunity in Long COVID

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 400 - 400

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

A novel syndrome called long-haul COVID or long is increasingly recognized in a significant percentage of individuals within few months after infection with SARS-CoV-2. This disorder characterized by wide range persisting, returning even new but related symptoms that involve different tissues and organs, including respiratory, cardiac, vascular, gastrointestinal, musculo-skeletal, neurological, endocrine systemic. Some overlapping symptomatologies exist between myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue (ME/CFS). Very much like ME/CFS, infections herpes family viruses, immune dysregulation, the persistence inflammation have been reported as most common pattern for development COVID. review describes several factors determinants proposed, elaborating mainly on viral persistence, reactivation latent viruses such Epstein–Barr virus human herpesvirus 6 which are also associated pathology superantigen activation system, disturbance gut microbiome, multiple tissue damage autoimmunity. Based these factors, we propose diagnostic strategies measurement IgG IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, EBV, HHV-6, superantigens, microbiota, biomarkers autoimmunity to better understand manage this multi-factorial continues affect millions people world.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of long COVID and the path toward therapeutics

Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Long COVID: Clinical characteristics, proposed pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: April 26, 2023

The emergence of persistent ill-health in the aftermath SARS-CoV-2 infection has presented significant challenges to patients, healthcare workers and researchers. Termed long COVID, or post-acute sequelae COVID-19 (PASC), symptoms this condition are highly variable span multiple body systems. underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood, with no therapeutic agents proven be effective. This narrative review describes predominant clinical features phenotypes COVID alongside data supporting potential pathogenesis these including ongoing immune dysregulation, viral persistence, endotheliopathy, gastrointestinal microbiome disturbance, autoimmunity, dysautonomia. Finally, we describe current therapies under investigation, as well future options based on proposed research.

Language: Английский

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Viral persistence in children infected with SARS-CoV-2: current evidence and future research strategies

The Lancet Microbe, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(9), P. e745 - e756

Published: June 26, 2023

In this Personal View, we discuss current knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antigen persistence in children infected with SARS-CoV-2. Based the evidence that virus can persist adults, have done a literature review and analysed studies looked for antigens undergoing autopsy, biopsy, surgery either death from COVID-19 multisystem inflammatory syndrome, assessments long other conditions. Our analysis suggests children, independent disease severity, spread systemically weeks to months. We what is known about biological effects of viral infections highlight new scenarios clinical, pharmacological, basic research exploration. Such an approach will improve understanding management post-viral syndromes.

Language: Английский

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Monoclonal antibody therapy protects nonhuman primates against mucosal exposure to Lassa virus

Cell Reports Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(2), P. 101392 - 101392

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

Lassa fever (LF) is an acute viral illness that causes thousands of deaths annually in West Africa. There are currently no virus (LASV) vaccines or antivirals approved for human use. Recently, we showed combinations broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (BNhuMAbs) known as Arevirumab-2 Arevirumab-3 protected up to 100% cynomolgus macaques against challenge with diverse lineages LASV when treatment was initiated at advanced stages disease. This previous work assessed efficacy parenteral exposure. However, transmission humans occurs primarily by mucosal exposure shed from Mastomys rodents. Here, describe the development a lethal intranasal macaque model LF. employed show Arevirumab cocktails rescue infection 8 days after Our demonstrates BNhuMAbs have utility treating acquired through

Language: Английский

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Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 reservoir in long COVID

The Lancet Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Immunologic and inflammatory consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its implications in renal disease

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic made it critical to understand immune and inflammatory responses SARS-CoV-2 virus. It became increasingly recognized that response was a key mediator illness severity its mechanisms needed be better understood. Early infection both tissue cells, such as macrophages, leading pyroptosis-mediated inflammasome production in an organ system for systemic oxygenation likely plays central role morbidity wrought by SARS-CoV-2. Delayed transcription Type I III interferons may lead early disinhibition viral replication. Cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), some which produced through involving nuclear kappa B (NF-κB), contribute hyperinflammatory state patients with severe COVID-19. Lymphopenia, more apparent among natural killer (NK) CD8+ T-cells, B-cells, can disease reflect direct cytopathic effects or end-organ sequestration. Direct activation endothelial cells mechanism systems are impacted. In this context, endovascular neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation microthrombi development seen lungs other organs throughout body, heart, gut, brain. kidney most impacted extrapulmonary owing high concentration ACE2 exposure kidney, acute tubular injury, myofibroblast activation, collapsing glomerulopathy select populations account COVID-19-related AKI CKD development. COVID-19-associated nephropathy (COVAN), particular, mediated IL-6 signal transducer activator 3 (STAT3) signaling, suggesting connection between chronic disease. Chronic manifestations also include conditions like Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Children (MIS-C) Adults (MIS-A) post-acute sequelae (PASC), spectrum clinical presentations persistent dysregulation. lessons learned those undergoing continued study have broad implications understanding infections’ immunologic consequences beyond coronaviruses.

Language: Английский

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