Organ structure and bacterial microbiogeography in a reproductive organ of the Hawaiian bobtail squid reveal dimensions of a defensive symbiosis

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 15, 2025

ABSTRACT Many plants and animals house symbiotic microorganisms in specialized tissues or organs. Here, we used multidimensional situ imaging techniques to illuminate how host organ structure bacterial microbiogeography contribute the function of an Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes . Along with well-studied light organ, female E. harbor a community bacteria accessory nidamental gland (ANG). The ANG is dense network epithelium-lined tubules, some which are dominated by single taxon. These deposited into squid eggs, where they defend developing embryos from harmful biofouling. This study combination visualize different dimensions its communities. Imaging entire organs sheet microscopy revealed that composite tissue individual, non-intersecting tubules each their own population. bisected, converging toward two points at posterior end. At these points, empty space can mix jelly be onto eggs. Observations correlated taxa cell morphology tubule populations varied: contained mixed taxa, whereas others only one genus. Together, data shed on interact within uses physical maintain employ population defensive context. IMPORTANCE Sequence-based microbiome studies have much about hosts communities microbiota but often lack spatial understanding microbes relate other reside. reveal , houses diverse, beneficial deploys them for egg defense. findings suggest partitioning may key harboring diverse antimicrobial-producing establishing foundation further structures mediate interactions.

Language: Английский

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Which microbiome are we talking about? Contrasted diversity patterns and eco-evolutionary processes between gill and intestinal microbiomes of Antarctic fairy shrimps

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Nov. 7, 2024

Metazoans comprise multiple physical niches (“microenvironments”), each colonized by unique microbiomes that contribute to their hosts’ evolutionary dynamics, influencing health, physiology, and adaptation changing environments. Most wildlife microbiome studies focus on higher metazoans host microenvironments, while of lower species often concentrate a single microenvironment, sometimes pooling whole bodies or specimens. This is particularly evident in small-sized animals, such as freshwater meiofaunal invertebrates, thus impeding holistic understanding assembly across microenvironments its relation with population genetics. Leveraging the anostracan fairy shrimp Branchinecta , which has easily discernible organs expected high levels intraspecific genetic divergence, we aimed investigate processes test phylosymbiosis signal two (gill intestine) four populations gaini within Maritime Antarctica, using 16S rRNA metabarcoding. Our results showed gill intestine harbor strikingly different resulting from B. ecological filtering surrounding environment microbial community. Both exhibit respective core microbiomes, yet gill’s narrower constitutes smaller proportion overall bacterial community compared intestine. Within ( i.e. sampling site), assembles through distinct eco-evolutionary both mostly stochastically (ecological drift) deterministically (variable selection) Across populations, variable selection dominates driving compositional divergence microenvironment although lesser extent gill. Lastly, our study reveals robust correlation between structure composition, providing evidence anostracans. Contrastingly, was less pronounced microbiome. We discuss potential differences may underlie difference strength phylosymbiosis. highlights relevance considering testing hypothesis better understand intricate relationships hosts microbiomes.

Language: Английский

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Artificial Selection and the Skin Microbiome Independently Predict Parasite Resistance

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 22, 2024

It is well established that host genetics determine much of hosts response to parasites, but recent research has highlighted the microbiome plays a role in defense against parasites. Interactions between resistance parasites and are widely acknowledged; for example, can modulate immune response, vice versa. However, it remains unclear how system may together influence host's overall In many species males females differ both their genetically-based parasite composition structure associated microbiomes. We therefore expect interactions females, potentially explaining often-observed variation To investigate interact shape we imposed truncation selection on Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) specialist ectoparasite Gyrodactylus turnbulli. The 30% with lowest number 'parasite load', during experimental infection founded resistant line, highest load susceptible while randomly chosen uninfected fish control line. After 3-6 generations breeding absence sampled skin-associated from these lines then infected them G. used Dirichlet multinomial modeling (DMM) machine learning identify bacterial community types across evaluated importance line type over time 'infection severity'. Among developed significantly lower severity, higher than any other treatment. males, however, severity lines, there was no difference lines. also found female had tolerance compared or females. This apparent tradeoff supported by analysis individual-level data. host-associated microbiomes explain as genetics, two factors appear independent additive effects severity. Furthermore, post-hoc test showed model including artificial better at models either variable alone. Our results suggest an active interaction not passive reflection genetics.

Language: Английский

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A strong priority effect in the assembly of a specialized insect-microbe symbiosis

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 18, 2024

ABSTRACT Specialized host-microbe symbioses are ecological communities, whose composition is shaped by various processes. Microbial community assembly in these determined part interactions between taxa that colonize niches available within habitat patches. The outcomes of interactions, and extension the trajectory assembly, can display priority effects—dependency on order which first occupy niches. underlying mechanisms phenomena vary from system to often not well resolved. Here, we characterize effects colonization squash bug ( Anasa tristis ) bacterial symbionts genus Caballeronia , using pairs strains known strongly compete during host colonization, as isogenic thus functionally identical. By introducing symbiont into individual bugs a sequential manner, show within-host populations established colonist extremely resistant invasion, regardless strain identity competitive interactions. knocking down population an initial with antibiotics, further success second still diminished even when space symbiotic organ ostensibly accessible for colonization. We speculate resident exclude subsequent infections manipulating environment, partially but exclusively eliciting tissue remodeling organ. IMPORTANCE Host-associated microbial communities underpin critical ecosystem processes human health, their ability do so turn shape composition. While selection deterministically acts competing genotypes species manner determines differ depending sequence community. document this phenomenon, effect, experimental North American insect pest, its betaproteobacterial Caballeronia. Our study demonstrates how stark, strain-level variation emerge specialized simply through differences host. Understanding mechanistic drivers structure host-associated microbiomes highlight both pitfalls opportunities engineering constituent societal benefit.

Language: Английский

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Organ structure and bacterial microbiogeography in a reproductive organ of the Hawaiian bobtail squid reveal dimensions of a defensive symbiosis

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 7, 2024

ABSTRACT Many plants and animals house symbiotic microorganisms in specialized tissues or organs. Here, we used multidimensional in-situ imaging techniques to illuminate how host organ structure bacterial microbiogeography contribute the function of an Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes . Along with well-studied light organ, female E. harbor a community bacteria accessory nidamental gland (ANG). The ANG is dense network epithelium-lined tubules, some which are dominated by single taxon. These deposited into squid eggs, where they defend developing embryos from harmful biofouling. This study combination visualize different dimensions its communities. Imaging entire organs sheet microscopy revealed that composite tissue individual, non-intersecting tubules each their own population. bisected, converging towards two points organ. At these points, empty space can mix jelly be onto eggs. Observations populations correlated taxa cell morphology show tubule varied: contained mixed phyla while only one genus bacteria. Together, data shed on interact within uses physical maintain employ population defensive context. IMPORTANCE Sequence-based microbiome studies have much about hosts communities microbiota, but often lack spatial understanding microbes relate other reside. reveal houses diverse, beneficial deploys them for egg defense. findings suggest partitioning may key harboring diverse antimicrobial-producing establish foundation further structures mediate interactions.

Language: Английский

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Variance inC. elegansgut bacterial load suggests complex host-microbe dynamics

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 12, 2024

Abstract Variation in bacterial composition inside a host is result of complex dynamics microbial community assembly, but little known about these dynamics. To deconstruct the factors that contribute to this variation, we used combination experimental and modeling approaches. We found demographic stochasticity stationary heterogeneity carrying capacity or growth rate are insufficient explain quantitatively variation observed our empirical data. Instead, data can be understood if host-bacteria system viewed as stochastically switching between high low rates phenotypes. This suggests significantly more than logistic canonical models microbiome assembly. develop mathematical process various aspects highlight limitations snapshot describing host-associated communities importance using time-series along with understand within host.

Language: Английский

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Experimental Evolution of a Mammalian Holobiont? Genetic and Maternal Effects on the Cecal Microbiome in Bank Voles Selectively Bred for Herbivorous Capability

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 97(5), P. 274 - 291

Published: Aug. 15, 2024

AbstractMammalian herbivory represents a complex adaptation requiring evolutionary changes across all levels of biological organization, from molecules to morphology behavior. Explaining the evolution such traits major challenge in biology, as it is simultaneously muddled and enlightened by growing awareness crucial role symbiotic associations shaping organismal adaptations. The concept hologenomic includes partnered unit holobiont, host with its microbiome, selection that may undergo adaptation. Here, we test some assumptions underlying using unique experimental model: lines bank vole (

Language: Английский

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