Effects of ketamine on fear memory extinction: a review of preclinical literature

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19

Published: April 30, 2025

Introduction Ketamine, a multimodal dissociative anesthetic, is widely used as trauma analgesic in emergency situations. Ketamine also to treat psychiatric disorders due its broad application potential, including treatment-resistant major depression. However, impacts on the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and potential treatment for PTSD are controversial. marked by persistent intrusive memories traumatic event(s) re-experiencing when exposed trauma-related stimuli. Individuals with often treated prolonged exposure therapy (PE), which they gradually stimuli that remind them previous memory. If successful, may learn previously no longer threatening, process known fear extinction. Although extinction can be studied laboratory animals, preclinical literature effects ketamine has been inconsistent. Methods Thus, we summarized existing examining molecular mechanisms. Results Studies found enhance, impair, have effect, or mixed These discrepancies attributed differences dosage, route, timing administration. Discussion We conclude review recommendations future research such inclusion more female subjects, clinically relevant doses routes administration, comprehensive behavioral assays humans enhance translation between clinical research.

Language: Английский

Aversive memory engrams in the hippocampus

Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский