A suite of selective pressures supports the maintenance of alleles of a Drosophila immune peptide DOI Open Access

Sarah R. Mullinax,

Andrea M. Darby, Anjali Gupta

et al.

Published: Oct. 27, 2023

The innate immune system provides hosts with a crucial first line of defense against pathogens. While genes are often among the fastest evolving in genome, Drosophila , antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) notable exceptions. Instead, AMPs may be under balancing selection, such that over evolutionary timescales multiple alleles maintained populations. In this study, we focus on peptide Diptericin A, which has segregating amino acid polymorphism associated differential survival after infection Gram-negative bacteria Providencia rettgeri . A also helps control opportunistic gut infections by common microbes, especially those Lactobacillus plantarum addition to genotypic effects immunity, see strong sex-specific most prominent flies without functional diptericin To further characterize differences microbiomes between different genotypes, used 16S metagenomics look at microbiome composition. We both lab reared and wild caught for our sequencing looked overall composition as well abundance individual bacterial families. Overall, find homozygous one allele better equipped survive systemic from P. but general have shorter lifespans being fed commensals. Our results suggest possible mechanism maintenance genetic variation through complex interactions sex, microbiome.

Language: Английский

Antimicrobial peptides do not directly contribute to aging in Drosophila, but improve lifespan by preventing dysbiosis DOI Creative Commons
Mark A. Hanson, Bruno Lemaître

Disease Models & Mechanisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(4)

Published: Feb. 27, 2023

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are innate immune effectors first studied for their role in host defence. Recent studies have implicated these the clearance of aberrant cells and neurodegenerative syndromes. In Drosophila, many AMPs produced downstream Toll Imd NF-κB pathways upon infection. Upon aging, upregulated, drawing attention to molecules as possible causes age-associated inflammatory diseases. However, functional overexpressing or silencing genes been inconclusive. Using an isogenic set AMP gene deletions, we investigated net impact on aging. Overall, found no major effect individual lifespan, with exception Defensin. ΔAMP14 flies lacking seven families displayed reduced lifespan. Increased bacterial load food aged suggested that lifespan reduction was due microbiome dysbiosis, consistent a previous study. Moreover, germ-free conditions extended flies. our results did not point overt Instead, collectively by preventing dysbiosis during

Language: Английский

Citations

43
Characterization of avian β-defensin genes in Galliformes reveals widespread evolutionary diversification and distinct evolutionary relationships with infection risk DOI Creative Commons

Xiaoqin Xu,

Yi Jian,

Lijing Huang

et al.

BMC Genomics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(1)

Published: March 3, 2025

Avian β-defensins (AvBDs) represent a key family of antimicrobial host defense peptides in birds. Accumulating evidence suggests that the evolutionary trajectory β-defensin genes is specific to gene, timescale, and species involved, implying species-specific ecological life-history differences drive divergent selective pressures on these genes. However, their dynamics, particularly interactions with factors traits, remain insufficiently explored. Through comprehensive survey 25 spanning all major clades Galliformes, 354 AvBD were identified. Comparative sequence analysis, genomic organization, phylogenetic studies collectively reveal significant diversification characterized by gene duplication, pseudogenization, loss across species. Notably, chicken AvBD3 exhibits its coding regions, while AvBD6 AvBD7 appear have copy number variations, paralogs being especially prominent. Moreover, positive selection was more frequently observed recently diverged lineages compared ancestral ones. Using 70 samples from eight galliform species, study further identified prevalence amino acid alleles. Phylogenetic comparative analysis demonstrated evolution nine (AvBD2, -4, -5, -8, -9, -10, -11, -12, -14) significantly associated characteristics. Additionally, rates showed distinct relationship inferred infection risk, likely reflecting multifunctionality potential trade-offs between immune other biological functions. This cross-species identification systematic AvBDs Galliformes deepen our understanding co-evolution peptides, offering valuable insights into natural biology evolution, paving way for future applications as alternatives traditional antibiotics.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Humoral immunity in insects: Antimicrobial peptides and other host defense peptides DOI
Mark A. Hanson,

Léna Hédelin

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Emerging roles of antimicrobial peptides in innate immunity, neuronal function, and neurodegeneration DOI
Soojin Lee, Neal Silverman, Fen‐Biao Gao

et al.

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 47(11), P. 949 - 961

Published: Oct. 9, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

2
The genetic basis of variation in immune defense against Lysinibacillus fusiformis infection in Drosophila melanogaster DOI Creative Commons

Brittny R. Smith,

Kistie B. Patch,

Anjali Gupta

et al.

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(8), P. e1010934 - e1010934

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

The genetic causes of phenotypic variation often differ depending on the population examined, particularly if populations were founded by relatively small numbers genotypes. Similarly, among similar traits (resistance to different xenobiotic compounds or pathogens) may also be completely only partially overlapping. Differences in for same trait suggests context dependence how selection acts those traits. Similarities traits, other hand, pleiotropy which would influence natural shapes a trait. We characterized immune defense against Drosophila pathogen, Gram-positive bacterium Lysinibacillus fusiformis , three and found almost no overlap architecture survival post infection. However, when comparing our results experiment with fungal B . bassiana we convincing shared QTL peak both pathogens. This contains Bomanin cluster effectors. Loss function mutants RNAi knockdown experiments confirms role some these genes that act entire (and linked region under QTL) specific peptides

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Activity, structure, and diversity of Type II proline-rich antimicrobial peptides from insects DOI Creative Commons
Weiping Huang, Chetana Baliga, Elena V. Aleksandrova

et al.

EMBO Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(11), P. 5194 - 5211

Published: Oct. 16, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Proline-Rich Antimicrobial Peptides from Invertebrates DOI Creative Commons
Sylwia Stączek, Magdalena Kunat-Budzyńska, Małgorzata Cytryńska

et al.

Molecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(24), P. 5864 - 5864

Published: Dec. 12, 2024

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) constitute a large and diverse group of molecules with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiprotozoan, anticancer activity. In animals, they are key components innate immunity involved in fighting against various pathogens. Proline-rich (Pr) AMPs characterized by high content proline (and arginine) residues that can be organized into Pro-Arg-Pro motifs. Such have been described many invertebrates (annelids, crustaceans, insects, mollusks) some vertebrates (mammals). The main objective this review is to present the diversity invertebrate PrAMPs, which associated presence cysteine-rich domains or whey acidic protein molecular structure, addition characteristic proline-rich regions. Moreover, PrAMPs target intracellular structures bacteria, e.g., 70S ribosomes and/or heat shock DnaK, leading inhibition synthesis accumulation misfolded polypeptides cell. This unique mechanism action makes it difficult for pathogens acquire resistance type molecule. Invertebrate become basis development new synthetic analogues effective combating Due their great diversity, highly active still being searched among from invertebrates.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
A suite of selective pressures supports the maintenance of alleles of a Drosophila immune peptide DOI Open Access

Sarah R. Mullinax,

Andrea M. Darby, Anjali Gupta

et al.

Published: Oct. 29, 2024

The innate immune system provides hosts with a crucial first line of defense against pathogens. While genes are often among the fastest evolving in genome, Drosophila , antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) notable exceptions. Instead, AMPs may be under balancing selection, such that over evolutionary timescales multiple alleles maintained populations. In this study, we focus on peptide Diptericin A, which has segregating amino acid polymorphism associated differential survival after infection Gram-negative bacteria Providencia rettgeri . A also helps control opportunistic gut infections by common microbes, especially those Lactobacillus plantarum addition to genotypic effects immunity, see strong sex-specific most prominent flies without functional diptericin To further characterize differences microbiomes between different genotypes, used 16S metagenomics look at microbiome composition. We both lab reared and wild caught for our sequencing looked overall composition as well abundance individual bacterial families. Overall, find homozygous one allele better equipped survive systemic from P. but general have shorter lifespans being fed commensals. Our results suggest possible mechanism maintenance genetic variation through complex interactions sex, microbiome.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
A suite of selective pressures supports the maintenance of alleles of aDrosophilaimmune peptide DOI Creative Commons

Sarah R. Mullinax,

Andrea M. Darby, Anjali Gupta

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 21, 2023

Abstract The innate immune system provides hosts with a crucial first line of defense against pathogens. While genes are often among the fastest evolving in genome, Drosophila , antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) notable exceptions. Instead, AMPs may be under balancing selection, such that over evolutionary timescales multiple alleles maintained populations. In this study, we focus on peptide Diptericin A, which has segregating amino acid polymorphism associated differential survival after infection Gram-negative bacteria Providencia rettgeri . A also helps control opportunistic gut infections by common microbes, especially those Lactobacillus plantarum addition to genotypic effects immunity, see strong sex-specific most prominent flies without functional diptericin To further characterize differences microbiomes between different genotypes, used 16S metagenomics look at microbiome composition. We both lab reared and wild caught for our sequencing looked overall composition as well abundance individual bacterial families. Overall, find homozygous one allele better equipped survive systemic from P. but general have shorter lifespans being fed commensals. Our results suggest possible mechanism maintenance genetic variation through complex interactions sex, microbiome.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
A suite of selective pressures supports the maintenance of alleles of a Drosophila immune peptide DOI Open Access

Sarah R. Mullinax,

Andrea M. Darby, Anjali Gupta

et al.

Published: Oct. 27, 2023

The innate immune system provides hosts with a crucial first line of defense against pathogens. While genes are often among the fastest evolving in genome, Drosophila , antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) notable exceptions. Instead, AMPs may be under balancing selection, such that over evolutionary timescales multiple alleles maintained populations. In this study, we focus on peptide Diptericin A, which has segregating amino acid polymorphism associated differential survival after infection Gram-negative bacteria Providencia rettgeri . A also helps control opportunistic gut infections by common microbes, especially those Lactobacillus plantarum addition to genotypic effects immunity, see strong sex-specific most prominent flies without functional diptericin To further characterize differences microbiomes between different genotypes, used 16S metagenomics look at microbiome composition. We both lab reared and wild caught for our sequencing looked overall composition as well abundance individual bacterial families. Overall, find homozygous one allele better equipped survive systemic from P. but general have shorter lifespans being fed commensals. Our results suggest possible mechanism maintenance genetic variation through complex interactions sex, microbiome.

Language: Английский

Citations

0