Global patterns of kelp forest change over the past half-century

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 113(48), P. 13785 - 13790

Published: Nov. 14, 2016

Significance Kelp forests support diverse and productive ecological communities throughout temperate arctic regions worldwide, providing numerous ecosystem services to humans. Literature suggests that kelp are increasingly threatened by a variety of human impacts, including climate change, overfishing, direct harvest. We provide the first globally comprehensive analysis forest change over past 50 y, identifying high degree variation in magnitude direction across geographic range kelps. These results suggest region-specific responses global with local drivers playing an important role driving patterns abundance. Increased monitoring aimed at understanding regional dynamics is likely prove most effective for adaptive management these ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Climate Change, Human Impacts, and Coastal Ecosystems in the Anthropocene

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 29(19), P. R1021 - R1035

Published: Oct. 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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Marine reserves can mitigate and promote adaptation to climate change

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 114(24), P. 6167 - 6175

Published: June 5, 2017

Strong decreases in greenhouse gas emissions are required to meet the reduction trajectory resolved within 2015 Paris Agreement. However, even these will not avert serious stress and damage life on Earth, additional steps needed boost resilience of ecosystems, safeguard their wildlife, protect capacity supply vital goods services. We discuss how well-managed marine reserves may help ecosystems people adapt five prominent impacts climate change: acidification, sea-level rise, intensification storms, shifts species distribution, decreased productivity oxygen availability, as well cumulative effects. explore role managed mitigating change by promoting carbon sequestration storage buffering against uncertainty management, environmental fluctuations, directional change, extreme events. highlight both strengths limitations conclude that a viable low-tech, cost-effective adaptation strategy would yield multiple cobenefits from local global scales, improving outlook for environment into future.

Language: Английский

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No-take marine reserves are the most effective protected areas in the ocean

ICES Journal of Marine Science, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 75(3), P. 1166 - 1168

Published: March 31, 2017

Abstract Marine protected areas (MPAs) are an essential tool for reversing the global degradation of ocean life. Hence, it is important to know which types MPAs more effective, and under conditions. No-take marine reserves – with stronger protection very effective in restoring preserving biodiversity, enhancing ecosystem resilience. A new meta-analysis previous studies shows that biomass whole fish assemblages is, on average, 670% greater than adjacent unprotected areas, 343% partially-protected MPAs. also help restore complexity ecosystems through a chain ecological effects (trophic cascades) once abundance large animals recovers sufficiently. may not be immune climate change, but date, complex resilient areas. Although were conceived protect within their boundaries, they have been shown enhance local fisheries create jobs incomes ecotourism.

Language: Английский

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Environmental Stewardship: A Conceptual Review and Analytical Framework

Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 61(4), P. 597 - 614

Published: Jan. 31, 2018

There has been increasing attention to and investment in local environmental stewardship conservation management policies programs globally. Yet not received adequate conceptual attention. Establishing a clear definition comprehensive analytical framework could strengthen our ability understand the factors that lead success or failure of different contexts how most effectively support enable efforts. Here we propose such framework. First, define as actions taken by individuals, groups networks actors, with various motivations levels capacity, protect, care for responsibly use environment pursuit and/or social outcomes diverse social–ecological contexts. Next, drawing from review stewardship, governance literatures, unpack elements this develop an can facilitate research on stewardship. Finally, discuss potential interventions leverage points promoting supporting future applications guide descriptive, evaluative, prescriptive systematic analysis Further application is recommended refine insights will improve initiatives investments. Ultimately, aim raise profile valuable holistic concept guiding productive sustained relationships environment.

Language: Английский

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Ocean Solutions to Address Climate Change and Its Effects on Marine Ecosystems

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: Oct. 4, 2018

The Paris agreement target of limiting global surface warming to 1.5-2°C compared pre-industrial levels by 2100 will heavily impact the ocean. While ambitious mitigation and adaptation are both needed, ocean provides major opportunities for action reduce climate change globally its impacts on vital ecosystems ecosystem services. A comprehensive systematic assessment 13 global- local-scale, ocean-based measures was performed help steer development implementation technologies actions towards a sustainable outcome. We show that (1) all have tradeoffs multiple criteria must be used their potential, (2) greatest benefit is derived combining local solutions, some which could implemented or scaled-up immediately, (3) too uncertain recommended yet, (4) political consistency achieved through effective cross-scale governance mechanisms, (5) scientific effort focus effectiveness, co-benefits, disbenefits, costs poorly tested as well new emerging measures.

Language: Английский

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The MPA Guide: A framework to achieve global goals for the ocean

Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 373(6560)

Published: Sept. 9, 2021

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are conservation tools intended to protect biodiversity, promote healthy and resilient marine ecosystems, provide societal benefits. Despite codification of MPAs in international agreements, MPA effectiveness is currently undermined by confusion about the many types consequent wildly differing outcomes. We present a clarifying science-driven framework—The Guide—to aid design evaluation. The guide categorizes stage establishment level protection, specifies resulting direct indirect outcomes for biodiversity human well-being, describes key conditions necessary positive Use this Guide scientists, managers, policy-makers, communities can improve effective design, implementation, assessment, tracking existing future achieve goals using scientifically grounded practices.

Language: Английский

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Making waves: The science and politics of ocean protection

Science, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 350(6259), P. 382 - 383

Published: Oct. 16, 2015

Mature science reveals opportunities for policy progress

Language: Английский

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Marine protected areas increase resilience among coral reef communities

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 19(6), P. 629 - 637

Published: April 3, 2016

With marine biodiversity declining globally at accelerating rates, maximising the effectiveness of conservation has become a key goal for local, national and international regulators. Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been widely advocated conserving managing yet, despite extensive research, their benefits non-target species wider ecosystem functions remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that MPAs can increase resilience coral reef communities to natural disturbances, including bleaching, diseases, Acanthaster planci outbreaks storms. Using 20-year time series from Australia's Great Barrier Reef, show within MPAs, (1) community composition was 21-38% more stable; (2) magnitude disturbance impacts 30% lower (3) subsequent recovery 20% faster in adjacent unprotected habitats. Our results possibly through herbivory, trophic cascades portfolio effects.

Language: Английский

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Ocean deoxygenation: everyone’s problem. Causes, impacts, consequences and solutions

Published: Dec. 3, 2019

What is ocean deoxygenation? 1

Language: Английский

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