AMBIO,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
45(S2), P. 223 - 234
Published: Jan. 7, 2016
Intensifying
global
trade
will
result
in
increased
numbers
of
plant
pest
and
pathogen
species
inadvertently
being
transported
along
with
cargo.
This
paper
examines
current
mechanisms
for
prevention
management
potential
introductions
forest
insect
pests
pathogens
the
European
Union
(EU).
Current
legislation
has
not
been
found
sufficient
preventing
invasion,
establishment
spread
within
EU.
Costs
associated
future
invasions
are
difficult
to
estimate
but
past
have
led
negative
economic
impacts
invaded
country.
The
challenge
is
combining
free
movement
products
(within
EU)
protection
against
invasive
pathogens.
Public
awareness
may
mobilise
public
detection
and,
simultaneously,
increase
support
eradication
control
measures.
We
recommend
focus
on
commodities
addition
pathways,
an
approach
EU
using
a
centralised
response
unit
critically,
engage
general
battle
these
harmful
Science,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
349(6250), P. 832 - 836
Published: Aug. 20, 2015
Several
key
tree
genera
are
used
in
planted
forests
worldwide,
and
these
represent
valuable
global
resources.
Planted
increasingly
threatened
by
insects
microbial
pathogens,
which
introduced
accidentally
and/or
have
adapted
to
new
host
trees.
Globalization
has
hastened
pest
emergence,
despite
a
growing
awareness
of
the
problem,
improved
understanding
costs,
an
increased
focus
on
importance
quarantine.
To
protect
value
potential
forests,
innovative
solutions
better-coordinated
approach
needed.
Mitigation
strategies
that
effective
only
wealthy
countries
fail
contain
invasions
elsewhere
world,
ultimately
leading
impacts.
Solutions
forest
problems
future
should
mainly
integrating
management
approaches
globally,
rather
than
single-country
strategies.
A
strategy
manage
issues
is
vitally
important
urgently
Ecological Applications,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
26(5), P. 1437 - 1455
Published: May 10, 2016
Abstract
We
review
and
synthesize
information
on
invasions
of
nonnative
forest
insects
diseases
in
the
United
States,
including
their
ecological
economic
impacts,
pathways
arrival,
distribution
within
policy
options
for
reducing
future
invasions.
Nonnative
have
accumulated
States
forests
at
a
rate
~2.5
per
yr
over
last
150
yr.
Currently
two
major
introduction
are
importation
live
plants
wood
packing
material
such
as
pallets
crates.
Introduced
occur
cities
throughout
problem
is
particularly
severe
N
ortheast
U
pper
M
idwest.
pests
only
disturbance
agent
that
has
effectively
eliminated
entire
tree
species
or
genera
from
decades.
The
resulting
shift
structure
composition
alters
ecosystem
functions
productivity,
nutrient
cycling,
wildlife
habitat.
In
urban
suburban
areas,
loss
trees
streets,
yards,
parks
affects
aesthetics,
property
values,
shading,
stormwater
runoff,
human
health.
damage
not
yet
fully
known,
but
likely
billions
dollars
year,
with
majority
this
burden
borne
by
municipalities
residential
owners.
Current
policies
preventing
introductions
having
positive
effects
insufficient
to
reduce
influx
face
burgeoning
global
trade.
Options
available
strengthen
defenses
against
pest
arrival
establishment,
measures
taken
exporting
country
prior
shipment,
ensure
clean
shipments
products,
inspections
ports
entry,
post‐entry
quarantines,
surveillance,
eradication
programs.
Improved
data
collection
procedures
inspections,
greater
accessibility,
better
reporting
would
support
evaluation
effectiveness.
Lack
additional
action
places
nation,
local
municipalities,
owners
high
risk
further
damaging
costly
Adopting
stronger
establishments
new
costs
control
source
alleviate
now
homeowners
municipalities.
BioScience,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
65(8), P. 769 - 782
Published: July 11, 2015
Substantial
progress
has
been
made
in
understanding
how
pathways
underlie
and
mediate
biological
invasions.
However,
key
features
of
their
role
invasions
remain
poorly
understood,
available
knowledge
is
widely
scattered,
major
frontiers
research
management
are
insufficiently
characterized.
We
review
the
state
art,
highlight
recent
advances,
identify
pitfalls
constraints,
discuss
challenges
four
broad
fields
pathway
management:
classification,
application
information,
response,
impact.
present
approaches
to
describe
quantify
attributes
(e.g.,
spatiotemporal
changes,
proxies
introduction
effort,
environmental
socioeconomic
contexts)
they
interact
with
species
traits
regional
characteristics.
also
provide
recommendations
for
a
agenda
particular
focus
on
emerging
(or
neglected)
questions
new
analytical
tools
context
management.
Annual Review of Environment and Resources,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
41(1), P. 453 - 488
Published: Sept. 12, 2016
Risk
analysis
of
species
invasions
links
biology
and
economics,
is
increasingly
mandated
by
international
national
policies,
enables
improved
management
invasive
species.
Biological
proceed
through
a
series
transition
probabilities
(i.e.,
introduction,
establishment,
spread,
impact),
each
these
presents
opportunities
for
management.
Recent
research
advances
have
estimates
probability
associated
uncertainty.
Improvements
come
from
species-specific
trait-based
risk
assessments
(of
impact
probabilities,
especially
pathways
commerce
in
living
organisms),
spatially
explicit
dispersal
models
(introduction
transportation
pathways),
distribution
(establishment,
impact).
Results
forecasting
combined
with
cheaper
surveillance
technologies
practices
[e.g.,
environmental
DNA
(eDNA),
drones,
citizen
science]
enable
more
efficient
focusing
surveillance,
prevention,
eradication,
control
efforts
on
the
highest-risk
locations.
Bioeconomic
account
interacting
dynamics
within
between
ecological
economic
systems,
allow
decision
makers
to
better
understand
financial
consequences
alternative
strategies.
In
general,
recent
demonstrate
that
prevention
policy
greatest
long-term
net
benefit.
