Tree mycorrhizal type predicts within‐site variability in the storage and distribution of soil organic matter

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 24(8), P. 3317 - 3330

Published: March 24, 2018

Abstract Forest soils store large amounts of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), yet how predicted shifts in forest composition will impact long‐term C N persistence remains poorly understood. A recent hypothesis predicts that under trees associated with arbuscular mycorrhizas ( AM ) less than dominated by ectomycorrhizas ECM ), due to slower decomposition ‐dominated forests. However, an incipient systems rapid decomposition—e.g. most forests—enhance soil organic matter SOM stabilization accelerating the production microbial residues. To address these contrasting predictions, we quantified 1 m depth across gradients ‐dominance three temperate By focusing on sites where ‐ ‐plants co‐occur, our analysis controls for climatic factors covary mycorrhizal dominance broad scales. We found while stands contain more topsoil, when subsoil is included. Biomarkers fractionations reveal patterns are driven accumulation residues soils. Collectively, results support emerging theory formation, demonstrate importance subsurface mediating plant effects N, indicate forests may alter .

Language: Английский

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Why is Tree Drought Mortality so Hard to Predict?

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 36(6), P. 520 - 532

Published: March 2, 2021

Language: Английский

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Classical biological control of insect pests of trees: facts and figures

Biological Invasions, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 19(11), P. 3401 - 3417

Published: March 20, 2017

Language: Английский

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Economics of invasive species policy and management

Biological Invasions, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 19(11), P. 3333 - 3354

Published: March 16, 2017

This article examines the use of economic analysis to inform bioinvasion management, with particular focus on forest resources. Economics is key for understanding invasion processes, impacts, and decision-making. Biological invasions are driven by affect activities at multiple scales stages an invasion. Bioeconomic modeling seeks how resources can be optimally allocated across management activities—including prevention, surveillance programs early detection controlling populations spread—to minimize long-term costs damages. Economic facilitates decisions public private decision-makers, gaps between these, design policies achieve socially desirable outcomes. Private decision-makers may undercontrol relative optimal levels, because they generally account their own benefits control but less often broader ecosystem impacts or future spread landscape. considers approaches increasing evaluates feedbacks ecological systems that policy Future research should continue evaluation strategies biosecurity continuum species enhance cost-effectiveness, better incorporate uncertainty into design, increase incentives behavioral tools influence behaviors spread, invasive consideration within systems-focused science. In addition, challenges in valuing biodiversity service effectiveness measures data gaps. Greater collaboration researchers will facilitate development communication usable research.

Language: Английский

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Positive and Negative Impacts of Non-Native Bee Species around the World

Insects, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 7(4), P. 69 - 69

Published: Nov. 28, 2016

Though they are relatively understudied, non-native bees ubiquitous and have enormous potential economic environmental impacts. These impacts may be positive or negative, often unquantified. In this manuscript, I review literature on the known distribution of 80 species introduced bees. The negative include competition with native for nesting sites floral resources, pollination invasive weeds, co-invasion pathogens parasites, genetic introgression, damage to buildings, affecting plant species, changing structure networks. agricultural pollination, availability scientific research, rescue resilience human-mediated disturbance climate change. Most bee accidentally nest in stems, twigs, cavities wood. terms number best represented families Megachilidae Apidae, genus is Megachile. studied genera Apis Bombus, most these were deliberately pollination. Thus, we know little about majority bees, spreading beyond their ranges.

Language: Английский

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Ecology and management of invasive Pinaceae around the world: progress and challenges

Biological Invasions, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 19(11), P. 3099 - 3120

Published: June 20, 2017

Language: Английский

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Drivers of emerging fungal diseases of forest trees

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 381, P. 235 - 246

Published: Sept. 29, 2016

Language: Английский

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Moving eDNA surveys onto land: Strategies for active eDNA aggregation to detect invasive forest insects

Molecular Ecology Resources, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 20(3), P. 746 - 755

Published: Feb. 28, 2020

Abstract The use of environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys to monitor terrestrial species has been relatively limited, with successful implementations still confined sampling from natural or artificial water bodies and soil. Sampling for eDNA depends on proximity availability water, whereas soil is limited in its spatial scale due the large quantities necessary processing difficulty doing so. These challenges limit widespread several systems, such as surveying forests invasive insects. We developed two new aggregation approaches that overcome above‐ground eliminate dependency creating utilizing pre‐existing conduct sampling. first, “spray aggregation,” uses spray action remove surface substrates was shrubs other understorey vegetation, while second, “tree rolling,” physical transfer via a roller tree trunks branches. tested these by spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula , recent pest northeastern USA considered significant ecological economic threat agriculture. found our matched visual surveys, but also detected L. presence ahead indicating increased sensitivity over currently used methodology. we describe can be adapted variety forest insects represent novel strategy biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Breeding trees resistant to insects and diseases: putting theory into application

Biological Invasions, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 19(11), P. 3377 - 3400

Published: June 20, 2017

Language: Английский

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Endophytes vs tree pathogens and pests: can they be used as biological control agents to improve tree health?

European Journal of Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 155(3), P. 711 - 729

Published: Aug. 13, 2019

Like all other plants, trees are vulnerable to attack by a multitude of pests and pathogens. Current control measures for many these diseases limited relatively ineffective. Several methods, including the use conventional synthetic agro-chemicals, employed reduce impact diseases. However, because mounting concerns about adverse effects on environment variety economic reasons, this management tree chemical methods is losing ground. The biological control, as more environmentally friendly alternative, becoming increasingly popular in plant protection. This can include deployment soil inoculants foliar sprays, but increased knowledge microbial ecology phytosphere, particular phylloplane microbes endophytes, has stimulated new thinking biocontrol approaches. Endophytes that live within tissues. As such, they hold potential agents against able colonize same ecological niche favoured invading development exploitation endophytes will have overcome numerous challenges. optimization improvement strategies endophyte research contribute towards discovering effective competent agents. genotype selecting potentially beneficial exploitable poorly understood. How synergise or antagonise one another also an important factor. review focusses recent addressing using endophytic fungi bacteria, alongside challenges limitations encountered how be overcome. We frame context diseases, since arguably most difficult species study, work manage, yet represent organisms Earth.

Language: Английский

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