Drosophilaas a model to study obesity and metabolic disease

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 221(Suppl_1)

Published: March 7, 2018

ABSTRACT Excess adipose fat accumulation, or obesity, is a growing problem worldwide in terms of both the rate incidence and severity obesity-associated metabolic disease. Adipose tissue evolved animals as specialized dynamic lipid storage depot: cells synthesize (a process called lipogenesis) when energy plentiful mobilize stored lipolysis) needed. When disruption homeostasis favors increased synthesis with little turnover owing to genetic predisposition, overnutrition sedentary living, complications such diabetes cardiovascular disease are more likely arise. The vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) used model better understand mechanisms governing metabolism distribution. Flies offer wealth paradigms which study regulation physiological effects accumulation. Obese flies accumulate triacylglycerols body, an organ similar mammalian tissue, specializes catabolism. Discoveries have ranged from endocrine hormones that control obesity subcellular regulate lipogenesis lipolysis, many evolutionarily conserved. Furthermore, obese exhibit pathophysiological complications, including hyperglycemia, reduced longevity function – those observed humans. Here, we review some salient features enable researchers contributions feeding, absorption, distribution lipids systemic physiology.

Language: Английский

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Alcohol induces long-lasting sleep deficits in Drosophila via subsets of cholinergic neurons

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Capturing continuous, long timescale behavioral changes in Drosophila melanogaster postural data

PLoS Computational Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. e1012753 - e1012753

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Animal behavior spans many timescales, from short, seconds-scale actions to daily rhythms over hours life-long changes during aging. To access longer timescales of behavior, we continuously recorded individual Drosophila melanogaster at 100 frames per second for up 7 days a time in featureless arenas on sucrose-agarose media. We use the deep learning framework SLEAP produce full-body postural dataset 47 individuals resulting nearly 2 billion pose instances. identify stereotyped behaviors such as grooming, proboscis extension, and locomotion ethograms explore how flies' varies across day experiment. find distinct patterns all behaviors, adding specific information about trends different grooming modalities, extension duration, speed what is known D. circadian cycle. Using our holistic measurements that hour after dawn unique point pattern behavioral composition this tracks well with other indicators health fraction spend moving vs. resting. The method, data, analysis presented here give us new clearer picture revealing novel features hint unexplored underlying biological mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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A Taste Circuit that Regulates Ingestion by Integrating Food and Hunger Signals

Cell, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 165(3), P. 715 - 729

Published: April 1, 2016

Language: Английский

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Regulation of starvation-induced hyperactivity by insulin and glucagon signaling in adult Drosophila

eLife, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: Sept. 9, 2016

Starvation induces sustained increase in locomotion, which facilitates food localization and acquisition hence composes an important aspect of food-seeking behavior. We investigated how nutritional states modulated starvation-induced hyperactivity adult Drosophila. The receptor the adipokinetic hormone (AKHR), insect analog glucagon, was required for hyperactivity. AKHR expressed a small group octopaminergic neurons brain. Silencing AKHR+ blocking octopamine signaling these eliminated hyperactivity, whereas activation accelerated onset upon starvation. Neither nor were involved increased consumption starvation, suggesting that are independently regulated. Single cell analysis identified co-expression Drosophila insulin-like (dInR), imposed suppressive effect on Therefore, insulin glucagon exert opposite effects via common neural target

Language: Английский

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Allatostatin A Signalling in Drosophila Regulates Feeding and Sleep and Is Modulated by PDF

PLoS Genetics, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. e1006346 - e1006346

Published: Sept. 30, 2016

Feeding and sleep are fundamental behaviours with significant interconnections cross-modulations. The circadian system peptidergic signals important components of this modulation, but still little is known about the mechanisms networks by which they interact to regulate feeding sleep. We show that specific thermogenetic activation Allatostatin A (AstA)-expressing PLP neurons enteroendocrine cells reduces promotes in fruit fly Drosophila. effects AstA cell mediated peptides receptors homolog galanin subserving similar apparently conserved functions vertebrates. further identify as a downstream target neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor (PDF), an output clock. contacted PDF-expressing clock neurons, express functional PDF receptor demonstrated cAMP imaging. Silencing signalling continuous input tethered changes sleep/activity ratio opposite directions does not affect rhythmicity. Taken together, our results suggest pleiotropic distinct neuronal subset adapts digestive energy-saving state can be modulated PDF.

Language: Английский

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High Dietary Sugar Reshapes Sweet Taste to Promote Feeding Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 27(6), P. 1675 - 1685.e7

Published: May 1, 2019

Recent studies find that sugar tastes less intense to humans with obesity, but whether this sensory change is a cause or consequence of obesity unclear. To tackle question, we study the effects high diet on sweet taste sensation and feeding behavior in Drosophila melanogaster. On diet, fruit flies have lower responses stimuli, overconsume food, develop obesity. Excess dietary sugar, not sweetness alone, caused deficits overeating via cell-autonomous action sensor O-linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) sweet-sensing neurons. Correcting by manipulating excitability gustatory neurons levels OGT protected animals from diet-induced Our work demonstrates reshaping excess drives highlights role glucose metabolism neural activity behavior.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of Lifespan Regulation by Calorie Restriction and Intermittent Fasting in Model Organisms

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 1194 - 1194

Published: April 24, 2020

Genetic and pharmacological interventions have successfully extended healthspan lifespan in animals, but their genetic are not appropriate options for human applications intervention needs more solid clinical evidence. Consequently, dietary manipulations the only practical probable strategies to promote health longevity humans. Caloric restriction (CR), reduction of calorie intake a level that does compromise overall health, has been considered as being one most promising extend Although it is straightforward, continuous or food easy practice real lives Recently, fasting-related such intermittent fasting (IF) time-restricted feeding (TRF) emerged alternatives CR. Here, we review history CR animal models, discuss molecular mechanisms underlying these interventions, propose future directions can fill missing gaps current understanding interventions. appear by both partially overlapping common target rapamycin (TOR) pathway circadian clock, distinct independent remain be discovered. We systems approach combining global transcriptomic, metabolomic, proteomic analyses followed perturbation studies targeting multiple candidate pathways will allow us better understand how interact with each other longevity.

Language: Английский

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Drosophila Neuropeptide F Signaling Independently Regulates Feeding and Sleep-Wake Behavior

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 19(12), P. 2441 - 2450

Published: June 1, 2017

Proper regulation of sleep-wake behavior and feeding is essential for organismal health survival. While previous studies have isolated discrete neural loci substrates important either sleep or feeding, how the brain organized to coordinate both processes with respect one another remains poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence that Drosophila Neuropeptide F (NPF) network forms a critical component adult regulation. Activation NPF signaling in promotes wakefulness likely through its cognate receptor NPFR. Flies carrying loss-of-function allele do not suppress following prolonged starvation conditions, suggesting acts as hunger signal keep animal awake. NPF-expressing cells, specifically those expressing circadian photoreceptor cryptochrome, are largely responsible changes caused by neuron activation, but demonstrating different neurons separately drive hunger.

Language: Английский

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Rethomics: An R framework to analyse high-throughput behavioural data

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. e0209331 - e0209331

Published: Jan. 16, 2019

The recent development of automatised methods to score various behaviours on a large number animals provides biologists with an unprecedented set tools decipher these complex phenotypes. Analysing such data comes several challenges that are largely shared across acquisition platform and paradigms. Here, we present rethomics, R packages unifies the analysis behavioural datasets in efficient flexible manner. rethomics offers computational solution storing, manipulating visualising amounts data. We propose it as tool bridge gap between biology sciences, thus connecting scientists. extensive documentation well both practical theoretical tutorials (available at https://rethomics.github.io).

Language: Английский

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