Gradients of microclimate, carbon and nitrogen in transition zones of fragmented landscapes – a review

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 232, P. 659 - 671

Published: Nov. 1, 2016

Fragmentation of landscapes creates a transition zone in between natural habitats or different kinds land use. In forested and agricultural with zones, microclimate matter cycling are markedly altered. This probably accelerates is intensified by global warming. However, there no consensus on defining zones quantifying relevant variables for across disciplines. article an attempt to a) revise definitions offer framework quantitative ecologists, b) review the literature c) summarise this information using meta-analysis better understand bio-geochemical bio-geophysical processes their spatial extent zones. We expect altered conditions soils be 10–20 m maximum 50 m, 25–50 above-ground space 125 m.

Language: Английский

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The Complexity of Urban Eco-evolutionary Dynamics

BioScience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 70(9), P. 772 - 793

Published: July 7, 2020

Abstract Urbanization is changing Earth's ecosystems by altering the interactions and feedbacks between fundamental ecological evolutionary processes that maintain life. Humans in cities alter eco-evolutionary play simultaneously both actors stage on which takes place. modifies land surfaces, microclimates, habitat connectivity, networks, food webs, species diversity, composition. These environmental changes can lead to phenotypic, genetic, cultural makeup of wild populations have important consequences for ecosystem function essential services nature provides human society, such as nutrient cycling, pollination, seed dispersal, production, water air purification. Understanding monitoring urbanization-induced inform strategies achieve sustainability. In present article, we propose understanding these dynamics requires rigorous characterization urbanizing regions rapidly evolving, tightly coupled human–natural systems. We explore how emergent properties urbanization affect across space time. identify five key urban drivers change—habitat modification, heterogeneity, novel disturbances, biotic interactions—and highlight direct urbanization-driven change nature's contributions people. Then, emerging complexities—landscape complexity, discontinuities, socio-ecological cross-scale interactions, legacies time lags—that need be tackled future research. evolving metacommunity concept a powerful framework study dynamics.

Language: Английский

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The connection between urbanization and carbon emissions: a panel evidence from West Africa

Environment Development and Sustainability, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 23(8), P. 11525 - 11552

Published: Dec. 18, 2020

Language: Английский

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Deforestation-Induced Fragmentation Increases Forest Fire Occurrence in Central Brazilian Amazonia

Forests, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9(6), P. 305 - 305

Published: June 1, 2018

Amazonia is home to more than half of the world’s remaining tropical forests, playing a key role as reservoirs carbon and biodiversity. However, whether at slower or faster pace, continued deforestation causes forest fragmentation in this region. Thus, understanding relationship between fire incidence intensity region critical. Here, we use MODIS Active Fire Product (MCD14ML, Collection 6) proxy (measured Radiative Power—FRP), Brazilian official Land-use Land-cover Map understand among deforestation, fragmentation, on frontier Amazonia. Our results showed that vary with levels habitat loss fragmentation. About 95% active fires most intense ones (FRP > 500 megawatts) were found first kilometre from edges areas. Changes made 2012 main law regulating conservation forests within private properties reduced obligation recover illegally deforested areas, thus allowing for maintenance fragmented areas reinforce need guarantee low order avoid degradation its by related emissions.

Language: Английский

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Tele-connecting China's future urban growth to impacts on ecosystem services under the shared socioeconomic pathways

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 652, P. 765 - 779

Published: Oct. 22, 2018

Language: Английский

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Urban Land Extraction Using VIIRS Nighttime Light Data: An Evaluation of Three Popular Methods

Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. 175 - 175

Published: Feb. 20, 2017

Timely and accurate extraction of urban land area using the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) nighttime light data is important for studies. However, a comprehensive assessment existing methods extracting VIIRS remains inadequate. Therefore, we first reviewed relevant selected three popular data. These included local-optimized thresholding (LOT), vegetation-adjusted index (VANUI), integrated lights, normalized difference vegetation index, surface temperature support vector machine classification (INNL-SVM). Then, assessed performance these based on in seven evaluation areas with various natural socioeconomic conditions China. We found that INNL-SVM had best an average kappa 0.80, which was 6.67% higher than LOT 2.56% VANUI. The superior mainly attributed to integration information light, cover, temperature. This effectively reduced commission omission errors arising from overflow effect low brightness Additionally, can extract more easily. Thus, suggest has great potential at large scales.

Language: Английский

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Advancements in the remote sensing of landscape pattern of urban green spaces and vegetation fragmentation

International Journal of Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 42(10), P. 3797 - 3832

Published: Feb. 15, 2021

The recent global urban expansion has seen a massive decline and loss in the connectivity of vegetation. In areas, some vegetation patches have increasingly become isolated less connected by matrix composed impervious surfaces transportation networks like roads. Vegetation fragmentation is threat to remaining green spaces an impact on biodiversity conservation, environmental quality microclimates. So far, lot work been done mapping monitoring spaces, using conventional methods late remotely sensed data. However, not much known or well documented new developments remote sensing areas over last two decades. Thus, objective this research present detailed comprehensive synthesis progress assessing landscape structure fragmentation. Specifically, scientific literature from year 2000 2020 was reviewed provide state-of-the-art areas. Results indicate that between 2020, there considerable increase number publications landscapes. discrete pattern indices are most widely used method. Comparatively, Land Remote Sensing Satellite System (Landsat) data due its suitable spatial temporal resolution, free availability presence historical archival spans period 40 years. commonly scale local (a city and/or municipality) followed regional (more than one municipality continent) then (several selected cities across continents). Only studies were conducted at level. Further, geographic bias observed accessed studies. review showed mostly for China, North America Europe while parts Africa, Asia, Eurasia, Oceania South comprehensively studied. study also majority globe experienced severe This underscores relevance findings planning minimize conserve restore affected

Language: Английский

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Which Traits Influence Bird Survival in the City? A Review

Land, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 92 - 92

Published: Jan. 20, 2021

Urbanization poses a major threat to biodiversity worldwide. We focused on birds as well-studied taxon of interest, in order review literature traits that influence responses urbanization. 226 papers were published between 1979 and 2020, aggregate information five groups have been widely studied: ecological traits, life history, physiology, behavior genetic traits. Some robust findings trait changes individual species well bird communities emerge. A lack specific food shelter resources has led the urban community being dominated by generalist species, while specialist show decline. Urbanized differ behavioral showing an increase song frequency amplitude, bolder behavior, compared rural populations same species. Differential predatory pressure results history including prolonged breeding duration, increases clutch brood size compensate for lower survival. Other species-specific include hormonal state, body differences from populations. identify gaps research, with paucity studies tropical cities need greater examination persistence success native vs. introduced

Language: Английский

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Construction of ecological security patterns and ecological restoration zones in the city of Ningbo, China

Journal of Geographical Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(4), P. 663 - 681

Published: March 29, 2022

Language: Английский

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Spatial structure of city population growth

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Oct. 8, 2022

We show here that population growth, resolved at the county level, is spatially heterogeneous both among and within U.S. metropolitan statistical areas. Our analysis of data for over 3,100 counties reveals annual flows, resulting from domestic migration during 2015-2019 period, are much larger than natural demographic primarily responsible this growth. More precisely, we intra-city flows generally along a negative density gradient, while inter-city concentrated in high-density core Intra-city anisotropic directed towards external cities, driving asymmetrical urban sprawl. Such dynamics also tempering local shocks by redistributing inflows given city. This spill-over effect leads to smoother contrast observed city level. Understanding spatial structure key ingredient analyzing their drivers consequences, thus representing crucial knowledge policy makers planners.

Language: Английский

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