The 2014–2017 global-scale coral bleaching event: insights and impacts

Coral Reefs, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 38(4), P. 539 - 545

Published: July 22, 2019

2014–2017 was an unprecedented period of successive record-breaking hot years, which coincided with the most severe, widespread, and longest-lasting global-scale coral bleaching event ever recorded. The (GCBE) resulted in very high mortality on many reefs, rapid deterioration reef structures, far-reaching environmental impacts. Through papers this special issue Coral Reefs entitled Global Bleaching Event: Drivers, Impacts, Lessons Learned, as well published elsewhere, we have a good analysis GCBE its These studies provided key insights into how climate change-driven marine heatwaves are destroying ecosystems: (a) is unique satellite record spatial scale, duration, intensity, repetition bleaching. (b) impacts been severe seen at reefs. (c) Timing observations matters needs to be considered during (d) On both global local scales, intensity heat stress varied. (e) We continue see important differences among within taxa, roles played by algal symbionts microbiome. (f) Heat play role subsequent disease, plays mortality. (g) Impacts ripple far beyond corals, significant changes fish invertebrate community that may last decades. (h) structure individual coral's skeletons entire reefs has eroded much more quickly than previously realized. (i) little support for proposed "lifeboat" hypothesis, whereby deep or mesophotic serve means salvation. (j) While protected areas (MPAs) provide protection from stressors, they not only do protect but also here evidence resilience.

Language: Английский

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Extreme Marine Heatwaves Alter Kelp Forest Community Near Its Equatorward Distribution Limit

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Aug. 23, 2019

Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of marine heatwaves. A recent extreme warming event (2014-2016) unprecedented magnitude duration in California Current System allowed us to evaluate response kelp forest community near its southern (warm) distribution limit. We obtained sea surface temperatures for northern Pacific Baja California, Mexico, collected data at three islands, before after event. The was most intense persistent observed date, with low-pass anomalies 1°C warmer than previous extremes during 1982-1984 1997-1998 El Niños. period between 2014-2017 accounted ~50% heatwaves days past 37 years, highest maximum temperature intensities peaking 5.9°C above average period. found significant declines number Macrocystis pyrifera individuals, except northernmost island, corresponding fronds per individual. also changes structure associated beds: half fish invertebrate species disappeared heatwaves, affinities appeared or increased their abundance, introduced algae, previously absent, all islands. Changes subcanopy understory algal assemblages were evident; however, varied among These results suggest that effect global can be more apparent sensitive species, such as sessile invertebrates, warming-related impacts have potential facilitate establishment tropical invasive species.

Language: Английский

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Effect of river flow on the quality of estuarine and coastal waters using machine learning models

Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 810 - 823

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

This study explores the river-flow-induced impacts on performance of machine learning models applied for forecasting water quality parameters in coastal waters Hilo Bay, Pacific Ocean. For this purpose, hourly recorded salinity, temperature and turbidity as well flow data Wailuku River were used. Several including artificial neural network, extreme support vector regression have been employed to investigate impact from current time up 2 h ahead. Following input structure models, two separate based excluding river developed each variable quantify importance discharge accuracy models. The different was found be close other showing similar pattern considering uncertainty forecasts. results revealed that influenced salinity bay which variables had better compared with those series. Among investigated research, made most least improvement efficiency temperature, respectively. Overall, it observed can properly forecasted several hours ahead providing a potentially valuable tool environmental management monitoring areas.

Language: Английский

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Rapid Coral Decay Is Associated with Marine Heatwave Mortality Events on Reefs

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 29(16), P. 2723 - 2730.e4

Published: Aug. 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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Resistance, Extinction, and Everything in Between – The Diverse Responses of Seaweeds to Marine Heatwaves

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Dec. 13, 2019

Anomalously Globally, anomalously warm temperature events have increased by 34% in frequency and 17% duration from 1925 to 2016 with potentially major impacts on coastal ecosystems. These 'marine heatwaves' (MHWs) been linked changes primary productivity, community composition biogeography of seaweeds, which often control ecosystem function services. Here we review the literature seaweed responses MHWs, including 58 observations related resistance, bleaching, abundance, species invasions local regional extinctions. More records existed for canopy-forming kelps bladed filamentous turf-forming seaweeds than fucoids, geniculate coralline turf crustose algae. Turf-forming especially invasive generally abundance after a MHW, whereas native fucoids typically declined abundance. We also found three four examples extinctions kelp one example extinction following specific that likely long term consequences ecological structure functioning. Although relatively small number studies described MHWs seaweed, broad range documented highlights necessity better baseline information regarding distributions performance, need study characteristics affect vulnerability resilience these increasingly important climatic perturbations. A factor will be disentangle caused extreme increases itself co-occurring potential stressors altered current patterns, water clarity nutrient content, solar radiation desiccation stress intertidal zone. With future anticipated intensity, frequencies expect see more replacements large long-lived habitat forming smaller ephemeral weeds, reducing effective services seaweed-dominated reefs can provide.

Language: Английский

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Causes and consequences of the 2017 coral bleaching event in the southern Persian/Arabian Gulf

Coral Reefs, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 38(4), P. 567 - 589

Published: Jan. 22, 2019

Language: Английский

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Climatic and local stressor interactions threaten tropical forests and coral reefs

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 375(1794), P. 20190116 - 20190116

Published: Jan. 27, 2020

Tropical forests and coral reefs host a disproportionately large share of global biodiversity provide ecosystem functions services used by millions people. Yet, ongoing climate change is leading to an increase in frequency magnitude extreme climatic events the tropics, which, combination with other local human disturbances, unprecedented negative ecological consequences for tropical reefs. Here, we overview how where extremes are affecting most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth summarize interactions between global, regional stressors forest reef systems through impacts resilience. We also discuss some key challenges opportunities promote mitigation adaptation changing at scales. This article part theme issue 'Climate ecosystems: threats, solutions'.

Language: Английский

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In situ observations of coral bleaching in the central Saudi Arabian Red Sea during the 2015/2016 global coral bleaching event

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. e0195814 - e0195814

Published: April 19, 2018

Coral bleaching continues to be one of the most devastating and immediate impacts climate change on coral reef ecosystems worldwide. In 2015, a major event was declared as "3rd global event" by United States National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration, impacting large number reefs in every ocean. The Red Sea no exception, we present herein situ observations status central Saudi Arabian from September following extended periods high temperatures reaching upwards 32.5°C our study area. We examined eleven using line-intercept transects at three different depths, including all that were surveyed during previous 2010. Bleaching prevalent inshore (55.6% ± 14.6% live cover exhibited bleaching) shallower (41% 10.2% corals 5m depth) within reefs. Similar taxonomic groups (e.g., Agariciidae) affected 2015 Most interestingly, Acropora Porites had similar rates (~30% each) relative (~7% across 2015. genera with highest levels (>60%) also among rarest (<1% cover) While this bodes well for retention cover, it may ultimately lead decreased species richness, often considered an important component healthy reef. resultant long-term changes these communities remain seen.

Language: Английский

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3D photogrammetry quantifies growth and external erosion of individual coral colonies and skeletons

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Nov. 27, 2017

Growth and contraction of ecosystem engineers, such as trees, influence structure function. On coral reefs, methods to measure small changes in the microhabitats, driven by growth colonies skeletons, are extremely limited. We used 3D reconstructions quantify external tabular Acropora spp., dominant habitat-forming corals shallow exposed reefs across Pacific. The volume surface area live increased 21% 22%, respectively, 12 months, corresponding a mean annual linear extension 5.62 cm yr

Language: Английский

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Marine Heatwave Hotspots in Coral Reef Environments: Physical Drivers, Ecophysiological Outcomes, and Impact Upon Structural Complexity

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Aug. 16, 2019

A changing climate is driving increasingly common and prolonged marine heatwaves (MHWs) these extreme events have now been widely documented to severely impact ecosystems globally. However MHWs rarely recently considered when examining temperature-induced degradation of coral reef ecosystems. Here we consider extreme, localised thermal anomalies, nested within broader increases in sea surface temperature, which fulfil the definitive criteria for MHWs. These acute intense events, referred here as MHW hotspots, are not always well represented current framework used describe bleaching, but do distinct ecological outcomes, including widespread bleaching rapid mass mortality putatively thermally tolerant species. The physical drivers hotspots discussed here, doing so present a comprehensive theoretical that links biological responses photo-endosymbiotic organism stress changes on reefs associated after hotspots. We how onset high temperatures drives immediate heat-stress induced cellular damage, overwhelming mechanisms would otherwise mitigate gradually accumulated stress. warm environment, increased light penetration skeleton due loss tissues, coupled with tissue decay support microbial growth skeletal microenvironment, resulting unrecognised consequence degeneration skeletons. This accelerated skeletonson scale hinder recovery populations increase likelihood phase shifts towards algal dominance. suggest through heat-induced mortality, compromise reefs' structural frameworks detriment long term recovery. propose be class reefs, expanded include these. urge further research into affects bioerosion by endoliths.

Language: Английский

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