Human disturbance has contrasting effects on niche partitioning within carnivore communities

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 95(6), P. 1689 - 1705

Published: July 14, 2020

ABSTRACT Among species, coexistence is driven partly by the partitioning of available resources. The mechanisms and competition among species have been a central topic within community ecology, with particular focus on mammalian carnivore research. However, despite growing concern regarding impact humans behaviour very little known about effect interactions. aim this review to establish comprehensive framework for impacts human disturbance three dimensions (spatial, temporal trophic) niche communities subsequent effects both intraguild structure. We conducted systematic literature (246 studies) extracted 46 reported disturbance. found evidence that resource partitioning, either positively or negatively, in all dimensions. repercussions such variations are highly heterogeneous differ according type how landscape and/or availability resources affected. propose theoretical main outcomes structure: ( i ) impedes increasing reducing richness diversity community; ii unbalances competition, affecting stability; iii facilitates decreasing enriching community. call better integration future research interspecific competition.

Language: Английский

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Operationalizing Ecological Resilience Concepts for Managing Species and Ecosystems at Risk

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: July 12, 2019

This review provides an overview and integration of the use resilience concepts to guide natural resources management actions. We emphasize ecosystems landscapes provide examples these from empirical research in applied ecology. begin with a discussion definitions ecological related terms that are applicable management. suggest resilience-based approach facilitates regional planning by providing ability locate actions where they will have greatest benefits determine effective strategies. six key components approach, beginning managing for adaptive capacity selecting appropriate spatial extent grain. Critical elements include developing understanding factors influencing general landscapes, landscape context resilience, pattern process interactions their variability, relationships among support habitats species. spatially explicit which couples geospatial information on disturbance resources, habitats, or species, foundation case study sagebrush biome illustrates prioritizing

Language: Английский

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A multi-scale, multi-species approach for assessing effectiveness of habitat and connectivity conservation for endangered felids

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 245, P. 108523 - 108523

Published: April 4, 2020

Language: Английский

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Multi‐scale habitat modelling identifies spatial conservation priorities for mainland clouded leopards (Neofelis nebulosa)

Diversity and Distributions, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 25(10), P. 1639 - 1654

Published: July 18, 2019

Abstract Aim Deforestation is rapidly altering Southeast Asian landscapes, resulting in some of the highest rates habitat loss worldwide. Among many species facing declines this region, clouded leopards rank notably for their ambassadorial potential and capacity to act as powerful levers broader forest conservation programmes. Thus, identifying core opportunities are critical curbing further Neofelis extending umbrella protection diverse biota similarly threatened by widespread loss. Furthermore, a recent comprehensive assessment Sunda ( N. diardi ) highlights lack such information mainland nebulosa facilitates comparative assessment. Location Asia. Methods Species–habitat relationships scale‐dependent, yet <5% all modelling papers apply robust approaches optimize multivariate scale relationships. Using one largest camera trap datasets ever collected, we developed scale‐optimized distribution models two con‐generic carnivores, quantitatively compared niches. Results We identified habitat, connectivity corridors, ranked remaining patches prioritization. Closed‐canopy was strongest predictor, with ~25% lower detections when cover declined from 100 65%. A strong, positive association increasing precipitation suggests ongoing climate change growing threat along drier edges species’ range. While deforestation land use conversion were deleterious both species, uniquely associated shrublands grasslands. 800 km 2 minimum patch size supporting leopard conservation. Main conclusions illustrate utility multi‐scale key requirements, optimal scales targets guiding Curbing development within dispersal particularly Myanmar, Laos Malaysia, evolutionary biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Moving beyond landscape resistance: considerations for the future of connectivity modelling and conservation science

Landscape Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 37(10), P. 2465 - 2480

Published: Aug. 13, 2022

Abstract Landscape connectivity, the extent to which a landscape facilitates flow of ecological processes such as organism movement, has emerged central focus ecology and conservation science. Connectivity modelling now encompasses an enormous body work across theory application. The dominant connectivity models in use today are based on framework ‘landscape resistance’, is way measuring how structure influences movement patterns. However, simplistic assumptions high degree reductionism inherent resistance paradigm severely limits ability algorithms account for many fundamental aspects animal thus greatly reduces effectiveness relevance practice. In this paper, we first provide overview development surfaces. We then discuss several key drivers absent resistance-based models, with spatiotemporal variation, human interspecies interactions, other context-dependent effects. look at range empirical studies highlight strong impact these effects have predictions. But also promising avenues future research address this: newly emerging technologies interdisciplinary work, developing methodologies, conversations move beyond limiting resistance, so that can better reflect complexities richness movement.

Language: Английский

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Assessing the activity pattern overlap among leopards (Panthera pardus), potential prey and competitors in a complex landscape in Tanzania

Journal of Zoology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 311(3), P. 175 - 182

Published: March 12, 2020

Abstract Studying activity patterns and temporal overlap among carnivores their putative prey is difficult because of secretive elusive nature. With large declining worldwide, it imperative for conservation planning that we understand how interact with competitors. Camera trapping offers a promising avenue to address this issue. We investigated between male female leopards, known as well competitor, the spotted hyenas, in Udzungwa Mountains Tanzania. Data consisted 4297 independent events from 30 min interval criterion 164 camera trap sites sampled. Leopards were captured by traps throughout day, leopards showing significantly different ( P < 0.001) indicating sexual segregation patterns, being more nocturnal than leopards. had majority prey, yellow baboons, displayed peak during midday, least overlap. Moreover, both hyenas = <0.001), appearing be inactive hours hyena activity. conclude systematic useful tool study niche interactions sympatric and, lesser extent, prey.

Language: Английский

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Coexistence of predators in time: Effects of season and prey availability on species activity within a Mediterranean carnivore guild

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(20), P. 11408 - 11422

Published: Sept. 12, 2020

Abstract The degree of coexistence among predators can determine the structure ecological communities. Niche partitioning is a common strategy applied by species to enhance their coexistence. Diet, habitat, or time use be responsible for segregation carnivore species, latter factor being least studied in Mediterranean ecosystems. Terrestrial medium‐sized carnivores (i.e., mesocarnivores) carry out important functions ecosystems, and identifying interactions essential conservation. In this study, we explore activity terrestrial mesocarnivore guild order seasonal differences daily patterns competitors prey. We also investigate how abundance prey region, small mammals, influences predators. During year, camera trap devices ( n = 18) were installed Montseny Natural Park (Catalan Pre‐Coastal Range, North‐East Iberian Peninsula), region that hosts five species. Camera trapping detections used estimate corresponding overlaps. surveyed mammal plots 5) calculate test its effect on relative each Despite all target mesocarnivores are mainly nocturnal, overlap them varies according particularities season. Red fox Vulpes vulpes ) appears as generalist terms use, whereas stone marten Martes foina genet Genetta genetta show most similar both seem positively influenced abundance. Overall, diversity found way could facilitate pattern similarities should not directly translated negative interactions, they have strong influence habitat resource‐limited Therefore, overlaps taken into account when discussing wildlife management actions.

Language: Английский

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Mammal Conservation: Old Problems, New Perspectives, Transdisciplinarity, and the Coming of Age of Conservation Geopolitics

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 44(1), P. 61 - 88

Published: Jan. 25, 2019

I review the shocking current status of terrestrial mammals and then describe an approach to solving it, embracing a continuum spatial intellectual scales, from groundedness geopolitics. Starting with illustrative arena, interface between agriculture wildlife, outline litany threats some successful approaches their conservation, document broad-scale patterns regarding ecosystems, mammalian communities within, implications for conservation. Observing that battle conservation is being badly lost, dedicate third part this article combination top-down bottom-up, interdisciplinary studies, aspiring holistic sets in wider sphere human enterprise term transdisciplinary

Language: Английский

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Not seeing the forest for the trees: Generalised linear model out-performs random forest in species distribution modelling for Southeast Asian felids

Ecological Informatics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 75, P. 102026 - 102026

Published: Feb. 18, 2023

Species Distribution Models (SDMs) are a powerful tool to derive habitat suitability predictions relating species occurrence data with features. Two of the most frequently applied algorithms model species-habitat relationships Generalised Linear (GLM) and Random Forest (RF). The former is parametric regression providing functional models direct interpretability. latter machine learning non-parametric algorithm, more tolerant than other approaches in its assumptions, which has often been shown outperform algorithms. Other have developed produce robust SDMs, like training bootstrapping spatial scale optimisation. Using felid presence-absence from three study regions Southeast Asia (mainland, Borneo Sumatra), we tested performances SDMs by implementing four modelling frameworks: GLM RF bootstrapped non-bootstrapped data. With Mantel ANOVA tests explored how combinations influenced their predictive performances. Additionally, scale-optimisation responded species' size, taxonomic associations (species genus), area algorithm. We found that choice algorithm had strong effect determining differences between SDMs' predictions, while no effect. followed species, were main factors driving scales identified. trained showed higher performance, however, revealed significant only explaining variance observed sensitivity specificity and, when interacting bootstrapping, Percent Correctly Classified (PCC). Bootstrapping significantly explained specificity, PCC True Skills Statistics (TSS). Our results suggest there systematic identified produced vs. RF, but neither approach was consistently better other. divergent inconsistent abilities analysts should not assume inherently superior test multiple methods. implications for SDM development, revealing inconsistencies introduced on optimisation, selecting broader RF.

Language: Английский

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Multi-scale habitat selection modeling identifies threats and conservation opportunities for the Sunda clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi)

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 227, P. 92 - 103

Published: Sept. 10, 2018

Language: Английский

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