A narrative review on the role of temperature and humidity in COVID-19: Transmission, persistence, and epidemiological evidence

Eco-Environment & Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 1(2), P. 73 - 85

Published: June 1, 2022

Since December 2019, the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has become a global pandemic. Understanding role of environmental conditions is important in impeding spread COVID-19. Given that airborne and contact transmission are considered main pathways for COVID-19, this narrative review first summarized temperature humidity trajectory severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Meanwhile, we reviewed persistence virus aerosols on inert surfaces how SARS-CoV-2 affected by humidity. We also examined existing epidemiological evidence addressed limitations these studies. Although uncertainty remains, more may support idea high slightly negatively associated with COVID-19 growth, while conclusion still conflicting. Nonetheless, appears to have been controlled primarily government interventions rather than factors.

Language: Английский

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Estimation of epidemiological parameters and ascertainment rate from early transmission of COVID-19 across Africa

Royal Society Open Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(9)

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Country reported case counts suggested a slow spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the initial phase COVID-19 pandemic Africa. Owing to inadequate public awareness, unestablished monitoring practices, limited testing and stigmas, there might exist extensive under-ascertainment true number cases, especially at beginning novel epidemic. We developed compartmentalized epidemiological model track early epidemics 54 African countries. Data on cumulative cases daily confirmed were used fit for time period with no or little massive national interventions yet each country. estimated that mean basic reproduction is 2.02 (s.d. 0.7), range between 1.12 (Zambia) 3.64 (Nigeria). The overall report rate was be 5.37% 5.71%), highest 30.41% Libya lowest 0.02% São Tomé Príncipe. An average 5.46% 6.4%) all infected severe 66.74% 17.28%) asymptomatic ones. low reporting rates Africa clear need improved surveillance systems these

Language: Английский

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Impact of urbanisation and environmental factors on spatial distribution of COVID-19 cases during the early phase of epidemic in Singapore

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: June 13, 2022

Abstract Geographical weighted regression (GWR) can be used to explore the COVID-19 transmission pattern between cases. This study aimed influence from environmental and urbanisation factors, spatial relationship epidemiologically-linked, unlinked imported cases during early phase of epidemic in Singapore. Spatial relationships were evaluated with GWR modelling. Community residential location reported 21st January 2020 till 17th March considered for analyses. Temperature, relative humidity, population density are variables as exploratory analysis. ArcGIS was process data perform geospatial During Singapore, significant but weak correlation temperature incidence (significance 0.5–1.5) observed several sub-zones Correlations humidity could not established. Across sub-zones, high levels associated incidence. The case types (linked, imported) within varied differently, especially those western north-eastern regions Areas both potential risk factors transmission. These findings provide further insights directing appropriate resources enhance infection prevention control strategies contain

Language: Английский

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Associations between institutional-social-ecological factors and COVID -19 case-fatality: Evidence from 134 countries using multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR)

One Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16, P. 100551 - 100551

Published: April 28, 2023

During the period in which Omicron coronavirus variant was rapidly spreading, impact of institutional-social-ecological dimensions on case-fatality rate rarely afforded attention. By adopting diagnostic social-ecological system (SES) framework, present paper aims to identify factors COVID-19 134 countries and regions test their spatial heterogeneity. Using statistical data from Our World In Data website, study collected cumulative 9 November 2021 23 June 2022, along with 11 country-level factors. comparing goodness fit multiple linear regression model multiscale geographically weighted (MGWR) model, demonstrated that effects SES exhibit significant heterogeneity relation COVID-19. After substituting into MGWR six were identified an R square 0.470 based ascending effect size: vaccination policy, age dependency ratio, press freedom, gross domestic product (GDP), testing population density. The GWR used confirm robustness research results. Based analysis results, it is suggested world needs meet four conditions restore normal economic activity wake pandemic: (i) Countries should increase coverage maximize expansion. (ii) public health facilities available provide treatment subsidize medical costs patients. (iii) strictly review news reports actively publicize pandemic prevention knowledge through a range media. (iv) adopt internationalist spirit cooperation help each other navigate pandemic. further tests applicability framework field control existing research, offering novel policy insights cope coexists long-term human production life for long time.

Language: Английский

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Modeling of COVID-19 Pandemic vis-à-vis Some Socio-Economic Factors

Frontiers in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: Jan. 5, 2022

The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on socio-economic status countries around world should not be underestimated, when we consider role it has played in various countries. Many people were unemployed, many households careful about their spending, and a greater social divide population emerged 14 different from Organization for Economic Co-operation Development (OECD) Africa (that is, developed developing countries) which have considered epidemiological data spread infection during first second waves, as well data. We established mathematical relationship between Theil Gini indices, then investigated determinants, using several machine learning deep methods. High correlations observed some parameters predicted three variables order to validate our results. These results show clear difference wave pandemic, confirming real dynamics epidemic’s means by was mitigated.

Language: Английский

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Assessing the Spatiotemporal Spread Pattern of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: March 4, 2022

Introduction The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected human health and socioeconomic backgrounds. This study examined the spatiotemporal spread pattern of in Malaysia from index case to 291,774 cases 13 months, emphasizing on spatial autocorrelation high-risk cluster events scan clustering transmission. Methodology We obtained confirmed deaths official GitHub repository Malaysia's Ministry Health January 25, 2020 February 24, 2021, 1 day before national vaccination program was initiated. All analyses were based daily cumulated cases, which are derived sum retrospective 7 days current for smoothing purposes. global, local statistics at district level using Moran's I SaTScan™. Results At initial stage outbreak, > 0.5 ( p < 0.05) observed. Local depicted high-high risk expanded west east Malaysia. surged exponentially after September 2020, with Sabah, Kinabatangan (cumulative = 9,354; 0.34; 0.05), 11 districts October 19 21,363, 0.52, 0.05). most likely identified space-time scanning centered Jasin, Melaka (RR 11.93; 0.001) encompassed 36 a radius 178.8 km, November followed by Sabah cluster. Discussion Conclusion Both complemented each other depicting underlying risk, giving detailed information level. analysis could be valuable insight into real-time reporting transmission intensity, alert public avoid visiting areas during pandemic. used monitor

Language: Английский

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The German COVID-19 Digital Contact Tracing App: A Socioeconomic Evaluation

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(21), P. 14318 - 14318

Published: Nov. 2, 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic posed challenges to governments in terms of contact tracing. Like many other countries, Germany introduced a mobile-phone-based digital tracing solution ("Corona Warn App"; CWA) June 2020. At the time its release, however, it was hard assess how effective such would be, and political societal debate arose regarding efficiency, also light high costs. This study aimed analyze effectiveness CWA, considering prevented infections, hospitalizations, intensive care treatments, deaths. In addition, efficiency be assessed from monetary point view, factors with significant influence on CWA were determined. Mathematical statistical modeling used calculate infection cases by along numbers complications (hospitalizations, deaths) using publicly available download incidences over time. monetized benefits these quantified offset against costs incurred. Sensitivity analysis identify critically influencing parameters. Between 2020 April 2022, 1.41 million 17,200 4600 7200 After offsetting benefits, had net present value EUR 765 m 2022. Both are decisively disproportionately positively influenced highest possible adoption rate among population positive test results shared via CWA.

Language: Английский

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Demographic study of patients' mortality rate before and after the COVID‐19 outbreak: A cross‐sectional study

Health Science Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

To better guide the health policies, it is essential to clarify socio-demographic and clinical risk factors affecting mortality rate of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Language: Английский

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Population infection estimation from wastewater surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in Nagpur, India during the second pandemic wave

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(5), P. e0303529 - e0303529

Published: May 29, 2024

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has emerged as an effective environmental surveillance tool for predicting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease outbreaks in high-income countries (HICs) with centralized sewage infrastructure. However, few studies have applied WBE alongside epidemic modelling to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 low-resource settings. This study aimed explore feasibility collecting untreated wastewater samples from rural and urban catchment areas Nagpur district, detect quantify using real-time qPCR, compare geographic differences viral loads, integrate data into a modified Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Confirmed Positives-Recovered (SEIPR) model. Of 983 analyzed RNA, we detected significantly higher sample positivity rates, 43.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 40.1, 47.4) 30.4% CI 24.66, 36.66), loads compared samples, respectively. The Basic reproductive number, R 0 , positively correlated population density negatively humidity, proxy rainfall dilution waste sewers. SEIPR model estimated rate unreported 2019 (COVID-19) cases at start wave 13.97 [95% (10.17, 17.0)] times that confirmed cases, representing material difference healthcare resource burden. Wastewater might prove be more reliable way prepare surges COVID-19 during future waves authorities.

Language: Английский

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Examining the paradox: increased malaria risk in children under 5 in female-headed households in Nigeria

Malaria Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: May 31, 2024

Abstract Background Nigeria is facing a severe malaria crisis, accounting for significant proportion of global cases and deaths malaria. This study aimed to investigate the differences between female-headed households (FHHs) male-headed (MHHs) their impact on risk among children under five (U5) in Nigeria. Methods Data from 2021 Malaria Indicator Survey (NMIS) were used this cross-sectional study. A representative sample 10,988 was analysed, with key variables subjected frequency calculations, descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses using t-tests chi-square compare FHHs MHHs. Results Among all participants, 92.1% (N = 10,126) reported residing households, while 7.8% 862) living households. MHHs significantly more likely own insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) than (64.7% vs. 53.6%, P < 0.001). U5 had greater likelihood sleeping net night before survey (35.3% 30.0%, 0.05). The prevalence fever previous two weeks similar (35.4% 31.4%), testing rates who experienced febrile episodes higher (22.4% 15.4%, Although not statistically significant, exhibited percentage positive compared (87.8% 78.9%). On other hand, education levels, overall wealth index scores, larger presence urban areas ( Moreover, adherence prevention awareness Conclusion In Nigeria, enjoy relatively better socioeconomic conditions stronger counterparts. Contrary expectations, are at an increased 5 years old. phenomenon associated entrenched gender inequality challenges women face accessing critical assets. As bear responsibility income generation caring children, it crucial prioritize interventions that address management reduce both incidence mortality rates. Graphical

Language: Английский

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