A detailed landscape of CRISPR-Cas-mediated plant disease and pest management

Plant Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 323, P. 111376 - 111376

Published: July 11, 2022

Language: Английский

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Genome Editing for Sustainable Agriculture in Africa

Frontiers in Genome Editing, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: May 12, 2022

Sustainable intensification of agriculture in Africa is essential for accomplishing food and nutritional security addressing the rising concerns climate change. There an urgent need to close yield gap staple crops enhance production feed growing population. In order meet increasing demand food, more efficient approaches produce are needed. All tools available toolbox, including modern biotechnology traditional, be applied crop improvement. The full potential new breeding such as genome editing needs exploited addition conventional technologies. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas)-based has rapidly become most prevalent genetic engineering approach developing improved varieties because its simplicity, efficiency, specificity, easy use. Genome improves variety by modifying endogenous free any foreign gene. Hence, genome-edited with no gene integration not regulated genetically modified organisms (GMOs) several countries. Researchers using CRISPR/Cas-based improving African biotic abiotic stress resistance quality. Many products, disease-resistant banana, maize resistant lethal necrosis, sorghum parasitic plant Striga enhanced quality, under development farmers. a creating enabling environment science-based regulatory guidelines release adoption products developed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing. Some progress been made this regard. Nigeria Kenya have recently published national biosafety regulation This article summarizes recent advances developments tools, applications crops, policies Africa.

Language: Английский

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CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated simultaneous mutation of three salicylic acid 5‐hydroxylase (OsS5H) genes confers broad‐spectrum disease resistance in rice

Plant Biotechnology Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(9), P. 1873 - 1886

Published: June 15, 2023

Summary Salicylic acid (SA) is an essential plant hormone that plays critical roles in basal defence and amplification of local immune responses establishes resistance against various pathogens. However, the comprehensive knowledge salicylic 5‐hydroxylase ( S5H ) rice‐pathogen interaction still elusive. Here, we reported three OsS5H homologues displayed activity, converting SA into 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic (2,5‐DHBA). OsS5H1 , OsS5H2 OsS5H3 were preferentially expressed rice leaves at heading stage responded quickly to exogenous treatment. We found bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Xoo strongly induced expression . Rice plants overexpressing showed significantly decreased contents increased 2,5‐DHBA levels, more susceptible blight blast. A simple single guide RNA (sgRNA) was designed create oss5h1oss5h2oss5h3 triple mutants through CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated gene mutagenesis. The exhibited stronger than oss5h mutants. And enhanced blast resistance. conferred attributed upregulation OsWRKY45 pathogenesis‐related PR genes. Besides, flg22‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst oss5h1oss5h2oss5h3. Collectively, our study provides a fast effective approach generate varieties with broad‐spectrum disease editing.

Language: Английский

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Simultaneous editing of two DMR6 genes in grapevine results in reduced susceptibility to downy mildew

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Aug. 21, 2023

The reduction of pesticide treatments is paramount importance for the sustainability viticulture, and it can be achieved through a combination strategies, including cultivation vines ( Vitis vinifera ) that are resistant or tolerant to diseases such as downy mildew (DM). In many crops, knock-out Downy Mildew Resistant 6 DMR6 proved successful in controlling DM-resistance, but effect mutations genes not yet known grapevine. Today, gene editing serves crop improvement with small specific while maintaining genetic background commercially important clones. Moreover, recent technological advances allowed produce non-transgenic grapevine clones by regeneration protoplasts edited CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein. This approach may revolutionize production new varieties clones, requires knowledge about targets impact on plant phenotype fitness different cultivars. this work we generated single double mutants susceptibility (S) using CRISPR/Cas9, showed only combined VviDMR6-1 VviDMR6-2 effective reducing DM two table-grape cultivars increasing levels endogenous salicylic acid. Therefore, both necessary control real-world agricultural settings, which could potentially lead unwanted phenotypes. Additional research, trials conducted experimental vineyards, required gain deeper understanding -based resistance.

Language: Английский

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Recent developments in plant-downy mildew interactions

Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 148-149, P. 42 - 50

Published: Jan. 18, 2023

Downy mildews are obligate oomycete pathogens that attack a wide range of plants and can cause significant economic impacts on commercial crops ornamental plants. Traditionally, downy mildew disease control relied an integrated strategies, incorporate cultural practices, deployment resistant cultivars, crop rotation, application contact systemic pesticides, biopesticides. Recent advances in genomics provided data significantly advanced understanding evolution, taxonomy classification. In addition, also revealed these oomycetes have reduced numbers virulence factor genes comparison to hemibiotrophic necrotrophic oomycetes. However, do deploy arrays proteins, including so-called RXLR proteins promote or recognized as avirulence factors. Pathogenomics being applied population studies determine the genetic diversity within populations manage by selection appropriate varieties management strategies. Genome editing technologies been used manipulate host susceptibility different grapevine sweet basil thereby provide new soucres resistance against mildews. Previously, it has proved difficult transform because their lifestyle. recent exploitation RNA interference machinery through Host-Induced Gene Silencing (HIGS) Spray-Induced (SIGS) indicate functional is now possible. Altogether, breakthrough attendant fundamental will advance our ability mitigate diseases.

Language: Английский

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CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing of potato StDMR6-1 results in plants less affected by different stress conditions

Horticulture Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(7)

Published: May 6, 2024

Abstract Potato is the third most important food crop, but cultivation challenged by numerous diseases and adverse abiotic conditions. To combat diseases, frequent fungicide application common. Knocking out susceptibility genes genome editing could be a durable option to increase resistance. DMR6 has been described as gene in several crops, based on data that indicates increased resistance upon interruption of function. In potato, Stdmr6-1 mutants have against late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans controlled Here, we present field evaluations CRISPR/Cas9 mutants, location with complex population P. infestans, during four consecutive years indicate without any trade-off terms yield penalty or tuber quality. Furthermore, studies potato tubers from trials indicated common scab, mutant lines exhibit early Alternaria solani Early scab are problematic targets breeding, very scarce. The broad-spectrum may further extend some stress experiments either drought simulation salinity, plants less affected than background cultivar. Together, these results demonstrate prospect useful tool future sustainable apparent trade-offs.

Language: Английский

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Grapevine DMR6-1 Is a Candidate Gene for Susceptibility to Downy Mildew

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 182 - 182

Published: Jan. 22, 2022

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is a valuable crop in Europe for both economical and cultural reasons, but highly susceptible to Downy mildew (DM). The generation of resistant vines critical importance sustainable viticulture can be achieved either by introgression resistance genes varieties or mutation Susceptibility (S) genes, e.g., gene editing. This second approach offers several advantages: it maintains the genetic identity cultivars otherwise disrupted crossing generally results broad-spectrum durable resistance, hindered poor knowledge about S grapevines. Candidate are Resistance 6 (DMR6) DMR6-Like Oxygenases (DLOs), whose mutations confer DM Arabidopsis. In this work, we show that grapevine VviDMR6-1 complements Arabidopsis dmr6-1 mutant. We studied expression VviDMR6 VviDLO different organs response causative agent Plasmopara viticola. Through an automated evaluation causal relationships among VviDMR6-1, VviDMR6-2, VviDLO1 group into co-regulatory networks, suggesting distinct functions, mostly connected with pathogenesis-responsive genes. Therefore, represents good candidate produce gene-editing approach.

Language: Английский

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Silencing susceptibility genes in potato hinders primary infection with Phytophthora infestans at different stages

Horticulture Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Most potato cultivars are susceptible to late blight disease caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans. A new source of resistance prevent or diminish infection is found in genetic loss host susceptibility. Previously, we showed that RNAi-mediated silencing susceptibility (S) genes StDND1, StDMR1 and StDMR6 leads increased resistance. The mechanisms underlying this S-gene mediated have thus far not been identified. In study, examined process P. infestans on StDND1-, StDMR1- StDMR6-silenced lines. Microscopic analysis penetration spores was hampered StDND1-silenced plants. On plants, arrested at a primary stage enhanced cell death responses. Histochemical staining revealed plants display elevated ROS levels cells sites. Resistance however, seems rely response as accumulation be absent most inoculated Quantitative marker gene expression suggests observed StDND1- relies an early onset SA- ET-mediated signalling pathways. correlated with induction SA-mediated signalling. These data provide evidence different defense involved functional impairment S-genes.

Language: Английский

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Loss-of-function of an α-SNAP gene confers resistance to soybean cyst nematode

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Nov. 22, 2023

Plant-parasitic nematodes are one of the most economically impactful pests in agriculture resulting billions dollars realized annual losses worldwide. Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is number biotic constraint on soybean production making it a priority for discovery, validation and functional characterization native plant resistance genes genetic modes action that can be deployed to improve yield across globe. Here, we present discovery gene, GmSNAP02. We use unique bi-parental populations fine-map precise genomic location, combination whole genome resequencing gene fragment PCR amplifications identify confirm causal haplotypes. Lastly, validate our candidate using CRISPR-Cas9 editing observe gain edited plants. This demonstrates GmSNAP02 confers mode SCN through loss-of-function mutations implicate as virulence target. highlight immediate impact utilizing genome-editing-amenable target diversify commercially available cultivars.

Language: Английский

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Spray-induced gene silencing: an innovative strategy for plant trait improvement and disease control

Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(spe)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Modern plant breeding is still a time-consuming and costly process, even with the most advanced technologies such as gene editing. Hence, there an urgent need to develop alternative means for trait manipulation protection. RNA interference (RNAi) conserved cellular mechanism mediated by naturally occurring double-stranded (dsRNA) small RNAs (sRNAs) that can target mRNAs destruction or transcript reduction. Here, we review potential of technology based on RNAi, called spray-induced silencing (SIGS), adjunct endogenous expression in plants pathogen control. SIGS exogenous application molecules may be especially useful reducing pest impacts, thereby ameliorating biotic stresses increasing agronomic performance crops.

Language: Английский

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