PLoS ONE,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
18(10), P. e0292099 - e0292099
Published: Oct. 18, 2023
As
the
COVID-19
pandemic
progresses,
widespread
community
transmission
of
SARS-CoV-2
has
ushered
in
a
volatile
era
viral
immune
evasion
rather
than
much-heralded
stability
“endemicity”
or
“herd
immunity.”
At
this
point,
an
array
strains
rendered
essentially
all
monoclonal
antibody
therapeutics
obsolete
and
strongly
undermined
impact
vaccinal
immunity
on
transmission.
In
work,
we
demonstrate
that
escape
resulting
pre-existing
is
highly
evolutionarily
favored
likely
to
cause
waves
short-term
long-term,
invading
induce
weak
cross-immunity
against
may
co-circulate
with
those
strains.
This
would
result
formation
serotypes
increase
disease
burden,
complicate
control,
raise
potential
for
increases
virulence.
Less
durable
does
not
drive
positive
selection
as
trait,
but
such
transmit
at
high
levels
if
they
establish.
Overall,
our
results
draw
attention
importance
inter-strain
driver
trends
early
data
predict
trajectory
pandemic.
PLoS ONE,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
16(4), P. e0250780 - e0250780
Published: April 28, 2021
The
spike
protein
receptor-binding
domain
(RBD)
of
SARS-CoV-2
is
the
molecular
target
for
many
vaccines
and
antibody-based
prophylactics
aimed
at
bringing
COVID-19
under
control.
Such
a
narrow
focus
raises
specter
viral
immune
evasion
as
potential
failure
mode
these
biomedical
interventions.
With
emergence
new
strains
with
altered
transmissibility
potential,
critical
question
this:
how
easily
can
virus
escape
neutralizing
antibodies
(nAbs)
targeting
RBD?
To
answer
this
question,
we
combined
an
analysis
RBD
structure-function
evolutionary
modeling
framework.
Our
revealed
that
epitopes
RBD-targeting
nAbs
overlap
one
another
substantially
be
evaded
by
mutants
ACE2
affinities
comparable
to
wild
type,
are
observed
in
sequence
surveillance
data
infect
cells
vitro.
This
suggests
fitness
cost
nAb-evading
mutations
low.
We
then
used
predict
frequency
before
after
widespread
presence
due
vaccines,
passive
immunization
or
natural
immunity.
two
mildly
deleterious
expected
exist
high
numbers
neutral
genetic
variation,
consequently
resistance
other
rely
on
protection
develop
quickly
-and
repeatedly-
positive
selection.
Predicted
timelines
those
decay
kinetics
raised
against
vaccinal
antigens,
raising
second
mechanism
loss
immunity
population.
Strategies
elimination
should
therefore
diversified
across
targets
therapeutic
modalities.
BMC Public Health,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
23(1)
Published: March 2, 2023
Abstract
Background
The
COVID-19
pandemic
continues
to
demonstrate
the
risks
and
profound
health
impacts
that
result
from
infectious
disease
emergencies.
Emergency
preparedness
has
been
defined
as
knowledge,
capacity
organizational
systems
governments,
response
recovery
organizations,
communities
individuals
develop
anticipate,
respond
to,
or
recover
This
scoping
review
explored
recent
literature
on
priority
areas
indicators
for
public
emergency
(PHEP)
with
a
focus
Methods
Using
methodology,
comprehensive
search
was
conducted
indexed
grey
records
published
2017
2020
onward,
respectively.
Records
were
included
if
they:
(a)
described
PHEP,
(b)
focused
an
emergency,
(c)
in
Organization
Economic
Co-operation
Development
country.
An
evidence-based
all-hazards
Resilience
Framework
PHEP
consisting
of
11
elements
used
reference
point
identify
additional
have
emerged
publications.
findings
analyzed
deductively
summarized
thematically.
Results
publications
largely
aligned
PHEP.
In
particular,
related
collaborative
networks,
community
engagement,
risk
analysis
communication
frequently
observed
across
this
review.
Ten
emergent
themes
identified
expand
specific
diseases.
Planning
mitigate
inequities
key
finding
review,
it
most
theme.
Additional
were:
research
evidence-informed
decision
making,
building
vaccination
capacity,
laboratory
diagnostic
system
infection
prevention
control
financial
investment
infrastructure,
climate
environmental
health,
legislation
phases
preparedness.
Conclusion
contribute
evolving
understanding
critical
actions.
outlined
specifically
relevant
pandemics
Further
will
be
important
validate
these
findings,
how
refinements
frameworks
can
support
practice.
Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
9(11), P. 1309 - 1309
Published: Nov. 10, 2021
Vaccine
hesitancy
has
been
considered
one
of
the
most
severe
threats
to
global
health,
as
it
represents
an
obstacle
achieving
adequate
vaccination
coverage.
Recent
research
studies
aimed
at
investigating
propensity
for
anti-COVID
among
adults
have
found
a
high
prevalence
vaccine
hesitancy,
but
few
data
are
available
on
parental
hesitancy.
We
therefore
built
anonymous
online
survey
investigate
factors
related
parents
adolescents
between
12
and
17
years
age,
with
special
focus
demographic
domains
confidence
complacency.
The
was
conducted
by
using
Crowd
Signal
platform
from
15
July
16
August
2021,
in
Italy.
A
total
1799
analyzable
questionnaires
were
analyzed.
Overall,
Favorable
Doubtful
declared
higher
level
safety
efficacy
pediatric
vaccines
health
institutions
than
Hesitant/Reluctant
ones
(p-values
<
0.001).
univariate
multinomial
logistic
regression
analysis
multivariate
showed
that
younger
40
secondary-school
or
three-year
degree,
free-lance,
family
income
below
€28,000,
erroneous
perception
risk
COVID-19
disease
fear
vaccination.
These
results,
which
should
be
confirmed
larger
population
different
geographical
areas,
lead
Institutions
stakeholders
identify
targeted
communication
tools
improve
trust
institutions,
especially
parents.
Health Policy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
137, P. 104895 - 104895
Published: Aug. 19, 2023
Vaccine
hesitancy
has
the
potential
to
cripple
efforts
end
COVID-19
pandemic.
Policy
makers
need
be
informed
about
scale,
nature
and
drivers
of
this
problem,
both
domestically
globally,
so
that
effective
interventions
can
designed.
To
end,
we
conducted
a
statistical
analysis
data
from
CANDOUR
survey
(n
=
15,536),
which
was
carried
out
in
13
countries
representing
approximately
half
global
population.
Both
pooled
country-level
ordered
regression
models
were
estimated
identify
predictors
vaccine
reasons
for
not
getting
vaccinated.
We
found
high
levels
hesitancy,
particularly
high-income
countries.
Factors
driving
moderate
differed
those
extreme
hesitancy.
A
lack
trust
health
care
providers
consistently
underlying
driver
more
Predictors
varied
across
countries,
though
being
younger
female
typically
associated
with
greater
While
political
ideology
played
role
some
effect
often
moderated
by
income
level,
US.
Overall,
results
suggest
different
such
as
mass-media
campaigns
monetary
incentives
may
needed
target
moderately
versus
extremely
hesitant.
The
professionals
drives
reflect
deep
societal
mistrust
science
institutions
challenging
overcome.
BMC Public Health,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
23(1)
Published: June 8, 2023
Abstract
Background
The
major
emerging
infectious
diseases
(MEIDs)
have
occurred
frequently
and
become
increasingly
serious
in
the
world.
Sufficient
personal
emergency
preparedness
is
critical
for
general
people
efficiently
responding
to
recovering
from
MEIDs.
Nevertheless,
few
specific
indicators
are
available
assessing
individual
of
public
during
these
periods.
Therefore,
aim
this
study
was
construct
an
index
system
comprehensively
evaluating
regarding
Methods
Based
on
global
national-level
framework
a
literature
review,
preliminary
constructed.
From
June
2022
September
2022,
panel
20
experts
nine
provinces
municipalities
across
multiple
research
areas
participated
Delphi
study.
They
rated
importance
pre-defined
using
five-point
Likert
scale
provided
their
qualitative
comments.
According
feedback
each
round
experts,
evaluation
were
revised.
Results
After
two
rounds
expert
consultation
reached
consensus,
containing
five
first-level
indicators,
cooperating
with
prevention
control
work,
improving
response
capacity,
securing
supplies
equipment,
preparing
economic
resources,
maintaining
physical
mental
health
affiliated
s-level
53
third-level
indicators.
authority
coefficient
0.88
0.90.
Kendall’s
concordance
consultations
0.294
0.322,
respectively.
differences
statistically
significant
(
P
<
0.05).
Conclusion
A
valid,
reliable
scientific
established.
This
system,
as
precursor
form,
will
further
lay
foundation
formation
assessment
instrument.
At
same
time,
it
could
provide
reference
future
education
training
public.
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 29, 2023
Abstract
While
the
rapid
deployment
of
SARS-CoV-2
vaccines
had
a
significant
impact
on
ongoing
COVID-19
pandemic,
viral
immune
evasion
and
waning
neutralizing
antibody
titers
have
degraded
vaccine
efficacy.
Nevertheless,
manufacturers
public
health
authorities
number
levers
at
their
disposal
to
maximize
benefits
vaccination.
Here,
we
use
an
agent-based
modeling
framework
coupled
with
outputs
population
pharmacokinetic
model
examine
boosting
frequency
durability
vaccinal
response
Our
work
suggests
that
repeated
dosing
frequent
intervals
(multiple
times
year)
may
offset
degradation
efficacy,
preserving
utility
in
managing
pandemic.
relies
assumptions
about
accumulation
tolerability
doses.
Given
practical
significance
potential
improvements
utility,
clinical
research
better
understand
effects
vaccination
would
be
highly
impactful.
These
findings
are
particularly
relevant
as
worldwide
seek
reduce
boosters
once
year
or
less.
recommendations
for
draws
attention
possibility
outcomes
remain
within
reach.
Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(4), P. 806 - 806
Published: April 6, 2023
SARS-CoV-2
vaccinations
were
initially
shown
to
substantially
reduce
risk
of
severe
disease
and
death.
However,
pharmacokinetic
(PK)
waning
rapid
viral
evolution
degrade
neutralizing
antibody
(nAb)
binding
titers,
causing
loss
vaccinal
protection.
Additionally,
there
is
inter-individual
heterogeneity
in
the
strength
durability
nAb
response.
Here,
we
propose
a
personalized
booster
strategy
as
potential
solution
this
problem.
Our
model-based
approach
incorporates
response
primary
vaccination
into
pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic
(PK/PD)
model
project
population-level
We
further
examine
impact
evolutionary
immune
evasion
on
protection
over
time
based
variant
fold
reduction
potency.
findings
suggest
will
decrease
effectiveness
against
disease,
especially
for
individuals
with
less
durable
More
frequent
boosting
may
restore
weaker
analysis
shows
that
ECLIA
RBD
assay
strongly
predicts
neutralization
sequence-matched
pseudoviruses.
This
be
useful
tool
rapidly
assessing
individual
work
suggests
not
assured
identifies
path
forward
reducing
immunologically
vulnerable
individuals.
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Sept. 1, 2022
Abstract
The
ongoing
COVID-19
pandemic
has
placed
an
unprecedented
burden
on
global
health.
Crucial
for
managing
this
burden,
the
existing
SARS-CoV-2
vaccines
have
substantially
reduced
risk
of
severe
disease
and
death
up
to
point.
induction
neutralizing
antibodies
(nAbs)
by
these
leads
protection
against
both
infection
disease.
However,
pharmacokinetic
(PK)
waning
rapid
viral
evolution
degrade
antibody
binding
titers,
leading
a
loss
vaccinal
occurring
order
months
after
vaccination.
Additionally,
inter-individual
heterogeneity
in
strength
durability
vaccine-induced
response
can
create
further
public-health
placing
subset
population
at
risk.
Here
we
incorporate
into
pharmacokinetic/
pharmacodynamic
(PK/PD)
model
project
degree
immune
protection.
We
extend
our
model-based
approach
examine
impact
evolutionary
evasion
Our
findings
suggest
that
be
expected
effectiveness
disease,
particularly
individuals
with
shorter
duration
response.
One
possible
solution
may
more
frequent
boosting
weaker
demonstrate
targeted
involves
use
ECLIA
RBD
assay
identify
whose
is
insufficient
work
suggests
not
assured
provides
path
forward
reducing
immunologically
vulnerable
individuals.
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 26, 2023
Abstract
As
the
COVID-19
pandemic
progresses,
widespread
community
transmission
of
SARS-CoV-2
has
ushered
in
a
volatile
era
viral
immune
evasion
rather
than
much-heralded
stability
“endemicity”
or
“herd
immunity.”
At
this
point,
an
array
variants
rendered
essentially
all
monoclonal
antibody
therapeutics
obsolete
and
strongly
undermined
impact
vaccinal
immunity
on
transmission.
In
work,
we
demonstrate
that
antigenic
drift
resulting
pre-existing
is
highly
evolutionarily
favored
likely
to
cause
waves
short-term
long-term,
invading
induce
weak
cross-immunity
against
strains
may
co-circulate
with
those
strains.
This
would
result
formation
serotypes
increase
disease
burden,
complicate
control
raise
potential
for
increases
virulence.
Less
durable
does
not
drive
positive
selection
as
trait,
but
such
transmit
at
high
levels
if
they
establish.
Overall,
our
results
draw
attention
importance
inter-strain
driver
trends
early
data
predict
trajectory
pandemic.
The
recently
emerged
SARS-CoV-2
virus
has
led
to
a
prolonged
pandemic
characterized
by
ongoing
viral
evolution.
Vaccines
have
been
an
important
piece
in
the
strategy
combat
but
insufficient
contain
it
as
continues
evolve
evade
immunity
developed
vaccination
and
infection.
A
consistent
argument
is
that
or
prior
will
lead
less
severe
infections.
In
this
review,
we
address
question
of
whether
can
become
more
virulent,
despite
We
describe
intrinsic
characteristics
their
relationship
altered
virulence.
show
likely
evolution
subject
evolutionary
drift,
cannot
be
assumed
necessarily
offer
durable
protection
against
disease.
This
strong
implications
for
public
health
strategies
confront
challenges
presented
implies
there
are
significant
risks
based
on
assumption
waning
