ChatGPT Output Regarding Compulsory Vaccination and COVID-19 Vaccine Conspiracy: A Descriptive Study at the Outset of a Paradigm Shift in Online Search for Information

Cureus, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 15, 2023

Background: Being on the verge of a revolutionary approach to gathering information, ChatGPT (an artificial intelligence (AI)-based language model developed by OpenAI, and capable producing human-like text) could be prime motive paradigm shift how humans will acquire information. Despite concerns related use such promising tool in relation future quality education, this technology soon incorporated into web search engines mandating need evaluate output tool. Previous studies showed that dependence some sources online information (e.g., social media platforms) was associated with higher rates vaccination hesitancy. Therefore, aim current study describe regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine conspiracy beliefs. compulsory vaccination. Methods: The descriptive conducted January 14, 2023 using from OpenAI (OpenAI, L.L.C., San Francisco, CA, USA). evaluated two authors degree agreement correctness, clarity, conciseness, bias Cohen’s kappa. Results: responses were dismissive conspiratorial ideas about severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) origins labeling it as non-credible lacking scientific evidence. Additionally, totally against COVID-19 statements. Regarding vaccination, neutral citing following advantages strategy: protecting public health, maintaining herd immunity, reducing spread disease, cost-effectiveness, legal obligation, other hand, cited disadvantages vaccination: ethical concerns, mistrust resistance, logistical challenges, limited resources knowledge. Conclusions: source challenge conspiracies. For resonated divided opinion community toward strategy; nevertheless, detailed pros cons approach. As currently stands, judicious utilized user-friendly clear, concise, non-biased content. However, content cannot used an alternative original reliable World Health Organization [WHO] Centers for Disease Control Prevention [CDC]).

Language: Английский

---

Group-oriented motivations underlying conspiracy theories

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(5), P. 1050 - 1067

Published: April 7, 2024

By assuming that a group of nefarious actors collude to harm perceiver’s ingroup, conspiracy theories are an intergroup phenomenon. What the group-oriented motivations underlying belief in theories? This contribution proposes associated with both symbolic, identity-based and realistic, harm-based motivations. As symbolic motivations, help people develop, maintain, protect positive social identity. Conspiracy can unite through shared system, provide basis for favorable comparison, enable perceivers attribute ingroup status threats external forces beyond their control. realistic prepare conflict other groups. transform abstract sense distrust into concrete allegations misconduct. provides signal outgroup is threatening, mobilizes promotes readiness fight. I discuss implications these processes theory practice.

Language: Английский

---

Belief in Science‐Related Conspiracy Theories

Journal of Social Issues, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 81(1)

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Conspiracy theories attempt to explain events and circumstances by attributing them the supposed secret actions of powerful, malevolent groups. Due their associations with potentially harmful non‐normative behaviors at both individual collective levels, researchers have expressed particular concern over conspiracy that malign science. To better understand such beliefs, we conducted a national US survey gauge respondents’ agreement 11 science‐related political, psychological, social characteristics. We find beliefs in specific represent two unique factors are (i) related including political violence, vaccine refusal, sharing false information online, (ii) undergirded range personality traits attitudes. conclude discussing potential role leaders propagating implications for preventing or reversing theory beliefs.

Language: Английский

---

Understanding vaccine hesitancy: Insights from social media on polio, human papilloma virus, and COVID-19 in Zambia

Digital Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: March 1, 2025

Vaccine hesitancy remains a critical challenge to public health in Zambia and globally, necessitating deeper understanding of the factors influencing this phenomenon. The study analyzed user-generated Facebook comments from January 2021 December 2023 understand vaccine Zambia. This employed qualitative case design, focusing on official page Ministry Health A purposeful sampling technique was used, collecting that discussed related polio, human papilloma virus (HPV), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. analysis revealed men contributed 77.5% followed by women with 22.5%. majority (82.5%) pertained COVID-19 vaccines, polio (14.1%) HPV (3.4%). Notably, expressed greater toward vaccines (60%) compared (19.9%) (12.5%). Thematic highlighted significant against shaped safety efficacy concerns, frequent calls for vaccination particularly conspiracy theories, distrust authorities, poor communication authorities. Other drivers were reliance spiritual beliefs, herbal remedies natural immunity, pervasive spread misinformation. These findings underscore barriers acceptance, emphasizing need transparent community engagement. To improve uptake, strategies must address community-specific foster trust, enhance effectiveness efforts.

Language: Английский

---

A review of HPV and HBV vaccine hesitancy, intention, and uptake in the era of social media and COVID-19

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Aug. 18, 2023

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, World Health Organization named vaccine hesitancy as one of top 10 threats global health. The impact on uptake human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines was particular concern, given markedly lower compared other adolescent in some countries, notably United States. With recent approval vaccines, coupled with widespread use social media, concerns regarding have grown. However, association between COVID-related and cancer such HPV is unclear. To examine potential association, we performed two reviews using Ovid Medline APA PsychInfo. Our aim answer questions: (1) Is hesitancy, intention, or associated hepatitis B (HBV) uptake? (2) exposure misinformation media HBV review identified few published empirical studies that addressed these questions. results highlight urgent need for can shift through vast quantities data better understand link disinformation its vaccines.

Language: Английский

---

COVID‐19 vaccine mistrust, health literacy, conspiracy theories, and racial discrimination among a representative ethnically diverse sample in Canada: The vulnerability of Arab, Asian, Black, and Indigenous peoples

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(7)

Published: July 1, 2024

Despite increased risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections and higher rates COVID-19-related complications, racialized Indigenous communities in Canada have lower immunization uptake compared to White individuals. However, there is woeful lack data on predictors COVID-19 vaccine mistrust (VM) that accounts for diverse social cultural contexts within specific communities. Therefore, we sought characterize VM among Arab, Asian, Black, Canada. An online survey was administered a nationally representative, ethnically panel participants October 2023. Arabic, Indigenous, Black respondents were enriched the sampling panel. Data collected demographics, VM, experience racial discrimination, health literacy, conspiracy beliefs. We used descriptive regression analyses determine extent All had score participants. Among 4220 respondents, observed highest individuals (12.18; ±4.24), followed by Arabic (12.12; ±4.60), (11.84; ±5.18), Asian (10.61; ±4.28), (9.58; ±5.00) In hierarchical linear analyses, participants, women, everyday major discrimination positively associated with VM. Effects mediated addition beliefs model. Racialized varying levels carry mediators development This underscores intricate interaction between race, gender, need be considered future vaccination campaigns.

Language: Английский

---

Do Conspiracy Theories Shape or Rationalize Vaccination Hesitancy Over Time?

Social Psychological and Personality Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 421 - 429

Published: June 20, 2023

Conspiracy beliefs are associated with vaccination hesitancy, which is commonly interpreted as evidence that conspiracy theories contribute to a worldview damages public health. An alternative, and often ignored, explanation for this relationship people may rationalize their existing hesitancy through theories. In two panel studies conducted at multiple time points during the campaign of 2021, we tested temporal relationships between COVID-19 intentions. Study 1 (three waves in Dutch sample) provided effects on beliefs. 2 (two U.S. sample), however, only supported an effect over time. Although these findings provide some support idea shape increased they more consistently alternative shapes

Language: Английский

---

The importance of epistemology for the study of misinformation

Current Opinion in Psychology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 57, P. 101789 - 101789

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Who shares fake news on social media? Evidence from vaccines and infertility claims in sub-Saharan Africa

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(4), P. e0301818 - e0301818

Published: April 9, 2024

The widespread dissemination of misinformation on social media is a serious threat to global health. To large extent, it still unclear who actually shares health-related deliberately and accidentally. We conducted large-scale online survey among 5,307 Facebook users in six sub-Saharan African countries, which we collected information sharing fake news truth discernment. estimate the magnitude determinants deliberate accidental related three vaccines (HPV, polio, COVID-19). In an OLS framework relate actual several socioeconomic characteristics (age, gender, employment status, education), consumption, personality factors vaccine-related while controlling for country vaccine-specific effects. first show that rates articles are substantially higher than those reported from developed countries most occurs Second, reveal vs. differ. While being older risk-loving, associated with older, male, high levels trust institutions. Lastly, demonstrate differ by adopted measure (intentions sharing) underscores limitations commonly used intention-based measures derive insights about behaviour.

Language: Английский

---

The effect of thinking styles on belief in conspiracy theories in the context of Covid-19

SN Social Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(2)

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Language: Английский

---