A novel carnivorous diet reduces brain telomere length

Biology Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Developmental conditions can profoundly influence adult survival or longevity. One established correlate of longevity is the length telomeres—non-coding DNA regions that protect chromosomal ends. Telomere in adulthood be influenced by environmental during development, such as nutrient restriction. Yet, we lack experimental studies how telomere affected a different form nutritional variation: diet type. Here, asked diet-type variation larval development affects multiple post-metamorphic somatic tissues Mexican spadefoot ( Spea multiplicata ), an anuran species whose larvae develop on two qualitatively distinct diets: ancestral omnivorous detritus more novel carnivorous live shrimp. We found developing shrimp developed into frogs with shorter telomeres brain—a structure particularly vulnerable to harmful effects adversity, oxidative stress. Given known links between and neurological health outcomes, our study suggests dietary transition carnivory might carry costs terms compromised neural integrity later life. This work highlights lasting impact developmental maintenance health.

Language: Английский

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The impact of aging and oxidative stress in metabolic and nervous system disorders: programmed cell death and molecular signal transduction crosstalk

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Nov. 8, 2023

Life expectancy is increasing throughout the world and coincides with a rise in non-communicable diseases (NCDs), especially for metabolic disease that includes diabetes mellitus (DM) neurodegenerative disorders. The debilitating effects of disorders influence entire body significantly affect nervous system impacting greater than one billion people disability peripheral as well cognitive loss, now seventh leading cause death worldwide. Metabolic disorders, such DM, neurologic remain significant challenge treatment care individuals since present therapies may limit symptoms but do not halt overall progression. These clinical challenges to address interplay between warrant innovative strategies can focus upon underlying mechanisms aging-related oxidative stress, cell senescence, death. Programmed pathways involve autophagy, apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis play critical role oversee processes include insulin resistance, β-cell function, mitochondrial integrity, reactive oxygen species release, inflammatory activation. silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1

Language: Английский

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Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis

Bioengineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. 871 - 871

Published: July 23, 2023

Almost three million individuals suffer from multiple sclerosis (MS) throughout the world, a demyelinating disease in nervous system with increased prevalence over last five decades, and is now being recognized as one significant etiology of cognitive loss dementia. Presently, modifying therapies can limit rate relapse potentially reduce brain volume patients MS, but unfortunately cannot prevent progression or onset disability. Innovative strategies are therefore required to address areas inflammation, immune cell activation, survival that involve novel pathways programmed death, mammalian forkhead transcription factors (FoxOs), mechanistic target rapamycin (mTOR), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), associated apolipoprotein E (APOE-ε4) gene severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). These intertwined at levels metabolic oversight cellular metabolism dependent upon nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Insight into mechanisms these provide new avenues discovery for therapeutic treatment dementia cognition occurs during MS.

Language: Английский

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Cornerstone Cellular Pathways for Metabolic Disorders and Diabetes Mellitus: Non-Coding RNAs, Wnt Signaling, and AMPK

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(22), P. 2595 - 2595

Published: Nov. 9, 2023

Metabolic disorders and diabetes (DM) impact more than five hundred million individuals throughout the world are insidious in onset, chronic nature, yield significant disability death. Current therapies that address nutritional status, weight management, pharmacological options may delay but cannot alter disease course or functional organ loss, such as dementia degeneration of systemic bodily functions. Underlying these challenges onset aging associated with increased lifespan, telomere dysfunction, oxidative stress generation lead to multi-system dysfunction. These hurdles point urgent need underlying mechanisms innovative applications. New treatment strategies involve non-coding RNA pathways microRNAs (miRNAs) circular ribonucleic acids (circRNAs), Wnt signaling, Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) dependent upon programmed cell death pathways, cellular metabolic AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) nicotinamide, growth factor Non-coding RNAs, AMPK cornerstone for overseeing complex offer avenues DM will necessitate continued appreciation ability each independently unison influence clinical outcome.

Language: Английский

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Premature aging and metabolic diseases: the impact of telomere attrition

Frontiers in Aging, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: March 31, 2025

Driven by genetic and environmental factors, aging is a physiological process responsible for age-related degenerative changes in the body, cognitive decline, impaired overall wellbeing. Notably, premature as well emergence of progeroid syndromes have posed concerns regarding chronic health conditions comorbidities population. Accelerated telomere attrition also implicated metabolic dysfunction development disorders. Impaired homeostasis arises secondary to increases synthesis free radicals, decreased oxidative capacity, antioxidant defense, disrupted energy metabolism. In particular, several cellular molecular mechanisms been identified decipher influence on diseases. These include defective DNA repair, attrition, epigenetic alterations, dysregulation nutrient-sensing pathways. The role pathogenesis diseases has largely attributed pro-inflammatory states that promote shortening, mutations telomerase reverse transcriptase, alteration, stress, mitochondrial dysfunctions. Nonetheless, therapeutic interventions focus restoring length telomeres may treatment approaches restore enzyme activity, alternative lengthening telomeres, counter decrease concentration cytokines. Given significance robust potential delaying diseases, this review aimed explore underlying assimilating evidence from both human animal studies.

Language: Английский

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Shorter Telomeres and Faster Telomere Attrition in Individuals With Five Syndromic Forms of Intellectual Disability: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 24, 2025

ABSTRACT Background People with intellectual disability suffer complex challenges due to adaptive functioning limitations, high rates of chronic diseases and shortened lifespans compared the general population. Telomere shortening is a hallmark ageing, short telomeres are linked neurological disorders. The main objective this systematic review meta‐analysis was identify any differences in telomere length rate attrition leukocytes fibroblasts from people controls. Methods PubMed, Scopus ScienceDirect were searched. Articles that individuals apparently healthy age‐matched controls included. Risk bias assessed using AXIS tool data analysed CMA. Results Fifteen studies comprised 17 comparisons provided included meta‐analyses. Compared ( N = 481), 366) known genetic syndrome (Cri du chat, Down, Hoyeraal–Hreidarsson, Williams or Nicolaides–Baraitser) possessed shorter leukocyte (SMD: −0.853 [95% CI: −1.622 −0.084], p 0.03). Similarly, relative 16), syndromic 21) fibroblast (−1.389 [−2.179 −0.599], 0.001). Furthermore, forms also demonstrated faster (2.09‐fold) shortening. Conclusions Consistent epidemiological findings on mortality morbidity risk, appear undergo biological ageing These emphasise need for lifestyle (i.e., exercise stress management) therapeutic interventions disability.

Language: Английский

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Role of Telomeres and Telomerase in Parkinson's Disease—A New Theranostics?

Advanced Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(12)

Published: Aug. 17, 2023

Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex condition that significantly influenced by oxidative stress and inflammation. It also suggested telomere shortening (TS) regulated which leads to various diseases including age‐related neurodegenerative like PD. Thus, it anticipated PD would result in TS of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Telomeres protect the ends eukaryotic chromosomes preserving them against fusion destruction. The normal process because DNA polymerase unable replicate linear due end replication complications telomerase activity cell types counteracts this process. usually observed aged population progresses over time therefore, disparities among length PBMCs patients are recorded still question whether has any useful role. Here, likelihood attrition its implications concerning microglia activation, ageing, stress, significance activators addressed. Also, possibility telomeres as diagnostic therapeutic biomarker discussed.

Language: Английский

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Association between telomere length and cognitive function among cognitively unimpaired individuals at risk of Alzheimer’s disease

Neurobiology of Aging, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 141, P. 140 - 150

Published: June 1, 2024

Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is an objective biomarker of biological aging, and it proposed to play a crucial role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. We aimed at evaluating the cross-sectional association between LTL cognitive performance middle-aged cognitively unimpaired individuals increased risk AD. A total 1,520 participants from ALFA cohort were included. Relative was measured leukocytes through qPCR. residualized against age sex, associations with assessed short long groups based on (rLTL). Interactions sex genetic AD tested. Non-linear found episodic memory (EM). Better EM associated longer rLTL among women group. Results suggest potential telomeres aging process sex-specific patterns.

Language: Английский

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Innovative therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular disease.

PubMed, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22, P. 690 - 715

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

As a significant non-communicable disease, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women, comprises almost twenty percent deaths in most racial ethnic groups, can affect greater than twenty-five million individuals worldwide over age twenty, impacts global economies with far-reaching financial challenges. Multiple factors onset that include high serum cholesterol levels, elevated blood pressure, tobacco consumption secondhand smoke exposure, poor nutrition, physical inactivity, obesity, concurrent diabetes mellitus. Yet, addressing any these cannot completely eliminate or progression disorders. Novel strategies are necessary to target underlying mechanisms. The silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), histone deacetylase, limit injury, assist stem cell development, oversee metabolic homeostasis through nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) pathways, foster trophic factor protection, control senescence modulation telomere function. Intimately tied SIRT1 pathways mammalian forkhead transcription (FoxOs) which modulate cardiac reduce oxidative stress, repair microcirculation disturbances, atherogenesis autophagy, apoptosis, ferroptosis. AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) also critical among oversight cellular metabolism, insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial function, inflammation, susceptibility viral infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus impact disease. relationship intricate complex requires detailed insight successfully translate into clinical care

Language: Английский

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Potential roles of telomeres and telomerase in neurodegenerative diseases

Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

Telomeres, essential DNA-protein complexes located at chromosome ends, play a critical role in preventing fusion, recombination, and degradation, thus ensuring genomic stability. When telomeres reach limiting shortened length, they will activate DNA damage checkpoints, stop cell division trigger replicative senescence. Telomerase is composed of RNA protein, which can synthesize repeat sequences, elongate telomeres. Studies have shown that telomere length (TL) telomerase activity are closely involved aging, aging-related degenerative diseases, tumors. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) one the major caused by both genetic environmental factors, characterized insidious onset, difficult diagnosis, irreversible disease progression, lack effective treatments, brings heavy burden to society families. Currently, many studies noted variations leukocyte (LTL) NDDs, suggesting vital for NDD pathogenesis. This review explores relationship between TL examines as potential therapeutic target, discusses emerging biomarkers intervention strategies diagnosis treatment.

Language: Английский

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